Predictors of diabetes risk in urban and rural areas in Colombia

Background: Nutritional habits low in fruits and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle are associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, it is important to assess differences between urban and rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the associations between the risk of developing T2D and setting in the Colombian north coast in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,005 subjects. Data was collected by interviewing self-identified members of an urban community and a rural-indigenous population. The interaction terms were evaluated as well as the confounders. Then, adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results: subjects with a high risk of T2D are more likely to belong to the urban setting (OR = 1.908; 95%CI = 1.201-2.01) compared with those with lower T2D after adjusting for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, history of high levels of glycemia, and diabetes in relatives. Conclusions: Urban communities are more likely to have T2D compared with rural-indigenous populations. These populations have differences from the cultural context, including personal, and lifestyle factors.Peer reviewe

Violencia física marital en Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalencia y factores de riesgo Marital violence in Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalence and risk factors

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de maltrato físico marital en mujeres en edad fértil que viven con su pareja, así como identificar factores personales, socioeconómicos y de función familiar que se relacionen con el maltrato. Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre una muestra aleatoria de 275 mujeres en edad fértil del barrio Carlos Meissel, de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia. La información se obtuvo mediante entrevista personal en el hogar a partir de un cuestionario estructurado y siguiendo las recomendaciones éticas y de seguridad para la investigación sobre violencia doméstica contra mujeres de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En el cuestionario se recogen datos sobre características personales, consumo habitual de alcohol y drogas, función familiar (según test de Apgar Familiar), características socioeconómicas y antecedentes de maltrato físico durante los 12 meses previos a la entrevista. Resultados: La prevalencia de maltrato marital fue del 22,9%, y el grupo de 25-29 años es el más afectado (33,3%). Se asociaron con el maltrato físico el consumo habitual de alcohol en las mujeres (odds ratio, OR = 6,02; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC del 95%, 1,7-22,2) y en el cónyuge (OR = 10,11; IC del 95%, 5,1-20,1) y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el cónyuge (OR = 11.01; IC del 95%, 4,2-29,5). Los ingresos mensuales por debajo de 300.000 pesos colombianos (140 euros) también se asociaron con maltrato, así como presencia de disfunción familiar moderada o grave (OR = 16,9; IC del 95%, 4,8-59,0; OR = 81,6; IC del 95%, 18,8-35,5, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La naturaleza transversal del estudio limita la interpretación de los resultados. Sin embargo, se ha observado que en las mujeres de la muestra estudiada en este estudio el maltrato físico de la mujer por parte de su pareja se asocia con factores potencialmente modificables.<br>Objective: To determine the prevalence of violence against women of fertile age living in a couple and identify the personal, socioeconomic, and family function characteristics associated with this phenomenon. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a random sample of 275 women of fertile age living in the neighborhood of Carlos Meisel in Barranquilla, Colombia. Information was gathered through a structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews at the participants' homes. The questionnaire was adapted from the World Health Organization's recommendations on ethics and safety when investigating domestic violence. The questionnaire included items on personal characteristics, habitual alcohol and drug consumption, family function test (Family Apgar), socioeconomic characteristics, and physical abuse in the 12 months prior to the interview. Results: The prevalence of marital violence was 22.9%. Women aged 25-29 years old were the most commonly affected (33.3%). Factors associated with violence were habitual alcohol consumption in women (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.02; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7-22.2) and in the spouse (OR = 10.11; 95% CI, 5.1-20.1) and drug consumption by the husband (OR = 11.01; 95% CI, 4.2-29.5). A monthly wage of less than 300,000 Colombian pesos (140 euros) was also significantly associated with domestic violence as was moderate or severe family dysfunction (respectively, OR = 16.9; 95% CI, 4.8-59.0; OR = 81.6; 95% CI, 18.8-335). Conclusions: Because this was a cross-sectional study, the results should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, violence against women in the study sample was associated with potentially modifiable factors

Composite iron oxide&ndash;Prussian blue nanoparticles for magnetically guided T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors

Shraddha S Kale,1,2 Rachel A Burga,1,3 Elizabeth E Sweeney,1 Zungho Zun,4&ndash;6 Raymond W Sze,1,4&ndash;6 Anthony Tuesca,7 J Anand Subramony,7 Rohan Fernandes1,3,5,61The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children&rsquo;s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 3The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 4Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children&rsquo;s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; 5Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 7MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD,&nbsp;USA Abstract: Theranostic nanoparticles offer the potential for mixing and matching disparate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities within a single nanoparticle for the personalized treatment of diseases. In this article, we present composite iron oxide-gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles (Fe3O4@GdPB) as a novel theranostic agent for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. These particles combine the well-described properties and safety profiles of the constituent Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles. The Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles function both as effective MRI contrast agents and PTT agents as determined by characterizing studies performed in vitro and retain their properties in the presence of cells. Importantly, the Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles function as effective MRI contrast agents in vivo by increasing signal:noise ratios in T1-weighted scans of tumors and as effective PTT agents in vivo by decreasing tumor growth rates and increasing survival in an animal model of neuroblastoma. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles to function as effective theranostic&nbsp;agents.Keywords: theranostics, Prussian blue, iron oxide, MRI, photothermal therapy, cance

Conocimientos y actitudes de los estudiantes de medicina de instituciones de educación superior de Barranquillla sobre donación y trasplante de órganos. Julio-noviembre de 1999

Resumen Con el objetivo de identificar las actitudes y evaluar el conocimiento sobre donación y trasplante de órganosserealizóesteestudiodescriptivotransversalenlapoblacióndeestudiantesdemedicinade tres instituciones de educación superior de Barranquilla (Norte, Libre y San Martín) tomando una muestra aleatoria de 993 participantes. La información se obtuvo mediante unas encuestas autodiligenciadas. La población de estudiantes encuestados presentó una media de 25 años y desviación estándar de 11.82 años. La razón de estudiantes por nivel (básico-clínico) fue de 1.0:1. y larazóndemasculinidadfuede1,1:1.Conrespectoalconocimientoteóricoenlapoblaciónencuestada, seencontróunafrecuenciamodal derespuestasenelrangoderegularde69.8%yenelrangobueno de 19.7%. Al comparar el conocimiento con la institución educativa se encontró una diferencia significativaafavorde laUniversidadLibre,dondeelconocimientopositivocorrespondióal25.2%, con un chi cuadrado de 23.23 y un valor de p=0.0007, para 6 grados de libertad. Al comparar el conocimiento teórico entre los estudiantes del área básica con los del área clínica, estos últimos presentaron un mejor conocimiento (OR= 0.38 ICal 95% 0.27-0.53), con un chi cuadrado de 35.08 y p=0.0000. Con relación al marco legal, existe desconocimiento sobre las leyes que regulan la donaciónytrasplantedeórganos,ysepresentóuníndicededesconocimientode15:1.Lagranmayoría de los estudiantes encuestados desconoce la existencia del programa de donación y trasplante de órganos en Barranquilla (89.5%). Con respecto a la manera de obtener información sobre esta temática,el53.6%manifiestóquelahaadquiridoatravésdemediosmasivosdecomunicación,20.4% ha acudido a simposios o cursos sobre esta temática y el 12.7% ha consultado libros o revistas especializadassobreestetema. Los autores consideran ampliar la cátedra sobre donación y trasplante de órganos en los programas de salud de las instituciones educativas y mantener actualizados a los estudiantes a través de educacióncontinuadasobreestatemáticatantoaestudiantesdeláreadelasaludydeotrosprogramas académicos. Palabrasclave :Donación,trasplante,actitudes,conocimientos,encuesta. Abstract Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheattitudesandtoevaluatetheknowledgeofmedicalstudents of three (3) Universities (Norte, libre and san Martin) of Barranquilla, Colombia in relation to the donation and transplantation of organs. A cross-sectional study was designed in which a representative stratified random sample was selected of993participants.Thesourceofinformationwasastructuredquestionnaire.Thequestionnairewas adapted from Blanca, Frutos and Rosel with 29 questions, divided in three sections. The first section: personal achievemnt (6 items); the second section: evaluation of the knowledge on donation and transplants by means of questions of multiple selection (11 items); and third section: it evaluates the attitudes with scale type likert (12 items). The study was performed with the consent of the university centers. The ratio os students by level (basic-clinical) was of 1.0:1. With respect to the theoretical knowledge, 69,8% of the modal frequency were found to have a ranking of mediocre and 19,7% were found to belong in the good rank. When this level of knowledge was compared with that of the educative institution there was a significant difference in favor of the Libre University in wich the positive knowledge corresponds to the 25,2% (p=0,0007 for 6 dgrees of freedom). When comparing the theoreticalbetweenthestudentsoftheclinicalareawiththoseof basic(OR=0,38ICto95%o,27-0,53). With relation to the legal frame, a 15:1 index of ignorance exists on the laws that regulate the donation and transplant of organs. 895% of the participants do not know the existence of the program for the donation and transplantation of organs in Barranquilla. With respect to the manner of obtaining information on this theme, 53,6% was obtained by massive means of communication, 2-,4% in symposiums or courses and 12,7% from books por medical journals. Theauthorsrecommendrevisingandamplifyintheexistingmaterialinhealthprogrmasofeducational institutions involving the donation and transplantation of organs. Furthermore, we recommend keepingthestudentsintheareaofthehealthandotheracademicprogramsupdatethroughcontinued education on this theme. Key words: Donation, transplants, attitudes, knowledge, surveys