99 research outputs found

    Developed pressure data may provide misinformation when used alone to evaluate systolic function in isovolumetric left ventricle preparations

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    We report data showing that developed pressure (DPmax) may lead to opposite conclusion with respect to maximal developed circumferential wall stress (smax) when used to assess contractile function in left ventricle isovolumic preparations. Isovolumetric left ventricle preparations of rats with cardiac hypertrophy (H; N = 10) induced by isoproterenol administration showed higher DPmax (174 ± 14 mmHg) than control (C; N = 8) animals (155 ± 12 mmHg) or rats with regression (R; N = 8) of hypertrophy (144 ± 11 mmHg). In contrast, the estimated smax for C (145 ± 26 kdynes/cm2) and R (133 ± 17 kdynes/cm2) was higher than for H (110 ± 13 kdynes/cm2). According to Laplace's law, the opposite results of DPmax and smax may depend on the increased mass/volume left ventricle ratio of the hypertrophied hearts, which favored pressure generation. These results clearly show that DPmax should be used with caution to analyze systolic function.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

    Digitálicos: los resultados del DIG en el siglo XXI

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    After the report that there was no statistical significance in the general mortality of the DIG study, the indication of digoxin in the treatment regimens for congestive heart failure (CHF) drastically decreased. Post hoc studies that reassessed the DIG study data, indicated that an aspect that was not considered in this multicenter study has a critical influence on the prognosis of patients: the serum levels of digoxin. Regarding those that received a placebo, the general mortality and hospitalization were decreased in patients with a digoxin level < 0.9 ng/ml. At the first study that assessed the influence of digitalis in an experimental model of CHF, we verified in our lab that female rats with congestive syndrome secondary to myocardial infarction have a prolonged survival when undergoing treatment with digitoxin. The current information recommends that the merits of digoxin continue to be analyzed in order to adequately establish its importance in the treatment of CHF.Después de la divulgación de que no hubo significancia estadística en la mortalidad general del estudio DIG, la indicación de los digitálicos en los esquemas de tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC) se redujo drásticamente. Estudios post hoc, que reevaluaron los datos del DIG, indicaron que un aspecto no considerado en este ensayo multicéntrico ejerce influencia decisiva en el pronóstico de los pacientes: la concentración sérica de la digoxina. En relación a aquellos que recibieron placebo, la mortalidad general y la hospitalización fueron reducidas en pacientes con concentración de digoxina inferior a 0,9 ng/ml. En el primer trabajo que evaluó la influencia de los digitálicos en modelo experimental de ICC, verificamos en nuestro laboratorio que ratas con síndrome congestivo secundario a infarto de miocardio tienen la sobrevida prolongada bajo tratamiento con digitoxina. Las informaciones actuales recomiendan que los méritos de los digitálicos continúen a ser analizados para establecer adecuadamente su importancia en el tratamiento de la ICC.Depois da divulgação de que não houve significância estatística na mortalidade geral do estudo DIG, a indicação dos digitálicos nos esquemas de tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) reduziu drasticamente. Estudos post hoc, que reavaliaram os dados do DIG, indicaram que um aspecto não considerado neste ensaio multicêntrico exerce influência decisiva no prognóstico dos pacientes: a concentração sérica da digoxina. Em relação àqueles que receberam placebo, a mortalidade geral e a hospitalização foram reduzidas em pacientes com concentração de digoxina inferior a 0,9 ng/ml. No primeiro trabalho que avaliou a influência dos digitálicos em modelo experimental de ICC, verificamos em nosso laboratório que ratas com síndrome congestiva secundária a infarto do miocárdio têm a sobrevida prolongada sob tratamento com digitoxina. As informações atuais recomendam que os méritos dos digitálicos continuem a ser analisados para estabelecer adequadamente sua importância no tratamento da ICC.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

    Swim training attenuates myocardial remodeling and the pulmonary congestion in wistar rats with secondary heart failure to myocardial infarction

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    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of swimming on pulmonary water content in animals with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: After coronary occlusion, MI size 20% 40% of the LV large. The animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The wet weight of lung, liver, atriums, LV and right ventricle (RV) as well as the dry weight of the liver and lung were determined. ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: An increase in the atrium/body weight ratio was noted in the sedentary animals with moderate (MImod-SED: n=8) and large (MIlg-SED: n=10) infarctions in comparison to the sedentary control (C-SED: n=14) and trained (C-TR: n=16) rats. An increase in the RV/body weight and LV/body weight ratios was noted in the MIlg-SED. The heart/body weight ratio was higher in MIlg-SED when compared to the other groups. The infarcted trained animals presented diminished hypertrophy. The pulmonary water content was higher in MIlg-SED animals (81±0.4%) than in C-SED animals (79±0.4%). No differences were found for the other comparisons (C-TR: 79±0.4%; MImod-SED: 80±0.3%; MImod-TR: 80±0.6%; MIlg-TR: 79±0.7%). CONCLUSION: The increase of cardiac mass and pulmonary water content presented by MIlg-SED was diminished in the trained animals. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise can diminish HF and contribute to favorable cardiac remodeling.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da natação sobre teor de água pulmonar de ratas com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) após infarto do miocárdio (IM). MÉTODOS: Após oclusão coronária, animais com 20% 40% do VE grandes. Os animais treinados (TR) nadaram durante 60 min/dia, 5 dias/semana, durante 8 semanas. Foram determinados os pesos úmidos do pulmão direito, lobo direito do fígado, átrios, VE e ventrículo direito (VD) e os pesos secos do fígado e pulmão. Utilizou-se ANOVA e teste de Tukey para as análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se aumento da relação massa dos átrios/peso corpóreo nos animais sedentários com IM moderados (IMmod-SED: n=8) e grandes (IMgr-SED: n=10) em relação às ratas controles sedentárias (C-SED: n=14) e treinadas (C-TR: n=16). Aumento da relação VD/peso corpóreo e VE/peso corpóreo nos animais IMgr-SED em relação aos controles. A relação coração/peso corpóreo foi maior nos IMgr-SED do que nos demais. Os animais infartados treinados exibiram atenuação da hipertrofia. O teor de água pulmonar maior (p<0,05) nas ratas IMgr-SED (x±epm: 81±0,4%) do que nas C-SED (79±0,4%) indicou congestão pulmonar não verificada nas infartadas treinadas (IMmod-TR: 80±0,6%; IMgr-TR: 79±0,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Os aumentos da massa cardíaca e teor de água pulmonar em animais IMgr-SED foram atenuados em animais submetidos a treinamento físico por natação, sugerindo que a realização de exercício físico pode atenuar os indicadores de IC e contribuir para remodelamento cardíaco favorável.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Centro Universitário Adventista de São PauloUNIFESP, Centro Universitário Adventista de São PauloSciEL

    Caracterização funcional da hipertrofia miocárdica induzida pelo isoproterenol e de sua regressão

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    OBJETIVO: Analisar as disfunções da hipertrofia miocárdica induzida pelo isoproterenol e de sua regressão. Corações isolados hipertrofiados por isoproterenol (ISO) (8 dias) e após 22 dias de sua suspensão (regressão) foram distendidos. MÉTODOS: Até pressão de repouso (Pr) de 60mmHg, analisaram-se: pressão desenvolvida máxima (PDmáx.); estresse sistólico (sigmamáx); inclinação da reta estresses/deformações; constante de relaxamento; rigidez da câmara e rigidez miocárdica. RESULTADOS: Nos corações hipertrofiados (H) as variações de volume (deltaV) necessárias para Pr=60mmHg foram heterogêneas. Em alguns (H1; n=10) deltaV equivaleu à dos controle (C) enquanto em outros (H2; n=10) foi inferior, e também diferiram quanto ao peso seco, complacência ventricular, rigidez miocárdica, constante de relaxamento,e sigmamáx. PDmáx dos grupos H1 e H2 foram superiores às de C (n=8) e Regressão (R) (n=8). Contudo, sigmamáx de H2 foi menor que C, H1 e R. O mecanismo de Frank-Starling foi deprimido nos corações hipertrofiados. A constante de relaxamento de H2 indicou retardo no decaimento da pressão associado a menor complacência ventricular e rigidez miocárdica acentuada. CONCLUSÃO: Hipertrofia miocárdica induzida pelo ISO não é homogênea. Alguns corações têm alterações pouco expressivas; outros têm comprometimento das funções sistólica e diastólica. A hipertrofia miocárdica reduz a capacidade de gerar força e aprimora a capacidade em variar pressão por aumento da relação massa/volume. Há, também, comprometimento da complacência ventricular e da rigidez muscular.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Laboratório de Fisiologia CardíacaUNIFESP, Laboratório de Fisiologia CardíacaSciEL

    Determination of myocardial infarction size in rats by echocardiography and tetrazolium staining: correlation, agreements, and simplifications

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    Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and echocardiography (ECHO) are methods used to determine experimental myocardial infarction (MI) size, whose practical applicability should be expanded. Our objectives were to analyze the accuracy of ECHO in determining infarction size in rats during the first days following coronary occlusion and to test whether a simplified single measurement by TTC correctly indicates MI size, as determined by the average value for multiple slices. Infarction was induced in female Wistar rats by coronary artery occlusion and MI size analysis was performed after the acute (7th day) and chronic periods (after 4 weeks) by ECHO matched with TTC. ECHO and TTC showed similar values of MI size (% of left ventricle perimeter) in acute (ECHO: 33 ± 11, TTC: 35 ± 14) and chronic (ECHO: 38 ± 14, TTC: 39 ± 13 periods), and also presented an excellent correlation (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Although measurements from different heart planes showed discrepancies, a single measurement acquired from the mid-ventricular level by TTC was a good estimate of MI size calculated by the average of multiple planes, with minimal disagreement (Bland-Altman test with mean ratio bias of 0.99 ± 0.07) and close to an ideal correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). In the present study, ECHO was confirmed as a useful method for the determination of MI size even in the acute phase. Also, the single measure of a mid-ventricular section proposed as a simplification of the TTC method is a satisfactory prediction of average MI extension.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FisiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FisiologiaSciEL

    Treadmill Exercise Training Prevents Myocardial Mechanical Dysfunction Induced by Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid Treatment in Rats

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    Elevated concentrations of testosterone and its synthetic analogs may induce changes in cardiovascular function. However, the effects of the combination of anabolic/androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment and exercise training on systolic and diastolic cardiac function are poorly understood. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose steroid treatment (stanozolol) on cardiac contractile parameters when this steroid treatment was combined with exercise training in rats and the effects of chronic steroid treatment on the Frank-Starling (length-tension curves) relationship. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: U (untrained), US (untrained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week), T (trained, 16 m/min/1 h) and TS (trained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week). Continuous exercise training was conducted 5 days/week for 8 consecutive weeks. the speed of the treadmill was gradually increased to a final setting of 16 m/min/1 h. Experiments were divided into two independent series: 1) central hemodynamic analysis for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) measurements and 2) isolated papillary muscle preparation in Krebs solution. Stanozolol treatment significantly increased the MAP and the heart size in untrained and trained rats (U 113 +/- 2; T 106 +/- 2; US 138 +/- 8 and TS 130 +/- 7 mmHg). Furthermore, stanozolol significantly decreased developed tension and dT/dt (maximal and minimal) in U rats. However, the developed tension was completely restored by training. the Frank/Starling relationship was impaired in rats treated with stanozolol; however, again, training completely restored diastolic function. Taken together, the present data suggest that AAS treatment is able to decrease cardiac performance (systolic and diastolic functions). the combination of stanozolol and physical training improved cardiac performance, including diastolic and systolic functions, independent of changes in central hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, changes in ventricular myocyte calcium transients may play a cardioprotective role.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Sao Judas Tadeu, Dept Post Grad Phys Educ, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, Div Cardiovasc, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, Div Cardiovasc, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Efeitos hemodinâmicos e termorregulatórios da mistura cetamina-xilasina persistem mesmo após o período anestésico em ratos

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    The xylazine-ketamine mixture (KX) is an anesthetic approach commonly administered to assess cardiovascular function in rodents. This study aimed to examine if the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory effects of KX could persist after the anesthetic state ceased in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with K (50mg/kg) X (10mg/kg) through the intra-peritoneal route. Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory repercussions were evaluated in animals in awake state, during an anesthetic depth and after complete recovery of anesthetized state. KX was efficient to significantly induce deep anesthesia in all rats after 10min. A complete recovery of anesthetized state was observed only after 210min. Compared with preanesthetic state and control animals that received no drug, KX induced a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 10min. Hypotension was more prominent at 150min. The heart rate was also significantly reduced after 10 min of KX and the highest magnitude of bradycardia was observed at 30min. In addition, rectal temperature was markedly decreased at 30min of KX and the higher reduction occurred at 150min. The hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of KX were maintained even after complete anesthetic recovery.Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a persistência dos efeitos cardiovasculares e termorregulatórios da associação cetamina e xilasina (CX) mesmo após o período anestésico em ratos. Ratos Wistar machos foram anestesiados com cetamina 50mg/kg e xilasina 10mg/kg, por via intra-peritoneal. As repercussões hemodinâmica e termorregulatória foram avaliadas com os animais acordados, durante o período anestésico e após recuperação completa da anestesia. A CX foi eficiente em induzir significante regime anestésico em todos os ratos após 10min. A recuperação completa do estado de anestesia foi observada somente após 210min. Comparado com o estado pré-anestésico e com animais controles, que não receberam anestesia, a CX induziu significativa redução das pressões sistólica e diastólica aos 10min. A hipotensão foi mais evidente aos 150min após CX. A frequência cardíaca também foi significativamente reduzida com 10min de CX e a bradicardia foi mais acentuada aos 30min. A temperatura retal foi reduzida aos 30min, sendo mais acentuada após 150min de anestesia. Os efeitos hemodinâmicos e termorregulatórios da CX persistem mesmo após completa recuperação anestésica.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Nove de JulhoUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoUNIFESPSciEL

    Severity of the cardiac impairment determines whether digitalis prolongs or reduces survival of rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction

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    Background: the aim of the present study was to evaluate if the influence of digitalis on survival depends on the severity of cardiac dysfunction in heart failure (HF).Methods and results: Doppler echocardiogram (DE) parameters were analyzed in 84 Wistar control (C) and 80 Wistar rats treated with 0.1 mg/100 g/day of digitoxin (D) five days after coronary occlusion. the de variables correlated with the survival of the animals were: myocardial infarction size, left chamber dimensions, fractional area change and E/A ratio. the animals were observed for up to 280 days. Mortality was worsened in rats in the D group with a myocardial infarction (MI) = 37% and worse de predictors.Conclusion: for the first time our study has shown experimentally that the action of digitalis glycosides can positively or negatively influence survival during treatment of HF. It prolongs survival of those in advanced state and compromises survival when there is less severity of the disease. in fact, the greater benefits occur when digitoxin was used in heightened ventricular dilatations and worse ventricular performance. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 09/54225-8CNPq: 300737/2009-2Web of Scienc
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