Effect of preceding crops nitrogen fertilization and cobalt and molybdenum application on yield and quality of soybean grain

The three-year study was conducted on a calcareous chernozem experimental plot of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. The experimental field trial was designed as corn soybean wheat crop rotation and performed in four replications. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of soybean seed inoculation with microbiological fertilizer, seed treatment with cobalt and molybdenum, as well as the effect of preceding maize crop fertilization with different dosages of nitrogen, on soybean yield and its protein and oil contents. This would allow defining optimal seed treatment that would enable production of high and stable yield of quality soybeans with the rationalization of the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The application of the largest dose of 250 kg N ha(-1) was responsible for significantly (by 12.11%) higher yields compared with the control. Grain yield was not affected by the application of cobalt and molybdenum. No significant yield increase was found when seed that was treated only with Nitragin. The contents of protein and oil were statistically very significantly different between the three experimental years because the investigated qualitative properties of grain are highly dependent on hydrothermal conditions. The protein content in the soybean increased very significantly following the increasing amounts of nitrogen. Very significant effect of seed treatment on protein and oil content was found. The two-field system of maize and wheat cultivation should be upgraded to the three-field system: maize - soybean - wheat. The use of cobalt and molybdenum in slightly alkaline and alkaline soils did not contribute to the increase of grain yield or protein content in the grain. However, it caused very significant increase in soybean oil content on slightly alkaline soils. The effect of the increase was 1.77%

Uticaj međurednog razmaka i sorte na debljinu stabljike soje u uslovima navodnjavanja

During 2003 and 2004, research was conducted with the aim of establishing to which extent the application of row spacing influenced soybean stem thickness under irrigation conditions. Results were processed using two-way analysis of variance for a split-plot experiment (Hadzivukovic, 1991). Examination factors were variety (big plot) and different row spacing (under plot). The average largest stem thickness (6.17 mm) was found in the variety Vojvodjanka. Differences among varieties in stem thickness existed but were not large enough to be significant. The largest stem thickness was noted with a row spacing of 70 cm. In the best metrological year for soybean production, significant differences were observed between the row spacing of 70 cm and the other two spacings (25 and 50 cm). A positive correlation between yield per plant and stem thickness of soybean was established. Based on the results, cultural practice recommendations were made for the soybean production.Tokom 2003. i 2004. godine obavljena su istraživanja sa ciljem da se ustanovi u kojoj meri promena međurednog razmaka utiče na debljinu stabljike soje u uslovima navodnjavanja. Podaci su obrađeni analizom varijanse po metodi dvofaktorijalnog split-plot ogleda, gde su faktori ispitivanja: sorta (velika parcela) i međuredni razmak (podparcela) (Hadživuković, 1991). Prosečno najveću debljinu stabljike (6.17 mm) imala je sorta Vojvođanka. Razlike između sorti u debljini stabljike su postojale, ali nisu bile dovoljno velike da bi bile značajne. Najveća debljina stabljike zabeležena je na međuredu 70 cm. U vremenski povoljnoj godini za proizvodnju soje razlike su bile značajne u odnosu na 25 i 50 cm. Utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između debljine stabljike i prinosa zrna po biljci. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata preporučuje se primena sortne agrotehnike u proizvodnji soje

Rooting and preventing shoot-tip necrosis of in vitro cultured horse chestnut shoots

Efficient bud regeneration was achieved from germinating horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) somatic embryos cultivated on 1-10 μM benzyladenine (BA). Adventitious buds were detached from the mother tissue and used to establish permanent shoot cultures on 0-20 μM BA. Secondary buds were regenerated from the shoot base of the explants. Bud multiplication was very poor (1.9) and shoot-tip necrosis was very high (100%) on plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium. The highest multiplication was achieved on 5 and 10 μM BA (16.8 and 18.7, respectively), with no shoot-tip necrosis, while hyperhydration was rather frequent on shoots cultivated on BA above 5 μM. Individual shoots were elongated on medium with 1 μM BA and 500 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP MW40 000) for 4 weeks. However, it was necessary to reduce BA level below 1 μM for shoot rooting and that caused mass shoot-tip necrosis. As classical rooting methods failed, the basal part of each elongated shoot was first wounded by cutting with a sterile blade and then dipped into a 0, 5 or 10 mM indole-3-butyric acid solution for 1 min and cultivated on solid half-strength MS PGR-free medium with 0.02% activated charcoal for 2-3 weeks. To prevent shoot tip necrosis during this phase, a BA solution was applied directly on apical meristem. Shoot-tip necrosis was completely eliminated by weekly application of 10 μl of 1 μM BA. As soon as the root initials were observed, the shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 500 mg/l PVP and 5 μM BA. The frequency of rooting was 23%, and further optimisation of root-inducing phase is needed

Somatic embryogenesis from stamen filaments of Aesculus flava Sol. and peroxidase activity during the transition from friable to embryogenic callus

Species of the genus Aesculus are among the most attractive ornamental woody plants. Conventional propagation methods of these species are either inefficient (stem cuttings) or unsuitable for clonal propagation (seeds). The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient protocol for clonal propagation of elite specimens of yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava) by somatic embryogenesis. For this purpose, stamen filaments of yellow buckeye were cultivated on media supplemented with 1, 5 or 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 0, 1, 5 or 10 μM 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin), either under light or dark conditions, for 8 weeks, and then subcultivated on plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium with 400 mg/l of glutamine. The highest somatic embryo (SE) initiation rates were achieved for the explants cultivated in darkness on medium containing 1 μM 2,4-D + 10 μM Kin during callus induction (CI) phase. Embryogenic calli (EC) were initiated from friable calli, starting from the 7th week of culture initiation, while SEs appeared two weeks later, following a week of subcultivation of the explants on PGR-free medium. EC and SEs were observed only in the explants grown in darkness during CI phase. Minimal duration of CI phase and darkness necessary for SE induction was four weeks, while the highest embryogenic response was achieved when each lasted for 8–10 weeks. Obtained SEs were efficiently multiplied on medium supplemented with 0.05 μM 2,4-D + 5 μM Kin by recurrent somatic embryogenesis. SEs at globular stage of development exhibited the highest capacity for secondary SE regeneration. High germination and conversion rates were attained in cotyledonary-stage SEs cultivated on medium with 0.05 μM 2,4-D + 5 μM Kin, but this phase needs to be further optimised, since the obtained plants failed to acclimatize to greenhouse conditions. During the transition of calli from friable to embryogenic state, total peroxidase (POX) activity significantly decreased, indicating their involvement in the acquisition of embryogenic capacity. The presented protocol is suitable for clonal propagation and genetic transformation of this ornamental species, and POX activity may be used as a marker for SE initiation

Induction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) defense genes by French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) essential oil

When attacked, plants activate defense mechanisms including volatile emission. Besides havinga pest repellent effect, volatiles can induce defense response in surrounding unharmed plants.French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) essential oil (EO) was isolated from the above-ground partsof plants collected from nature by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. GC/MS analysisrevealed the presence of 42 compounds, of which 97% (32 compounds) have been identified.The monoterpene fraction was dominant (76.9%) with terpinolene (32.4%) and limonene (14.7%)as the most abundant compounds. In order to investigate the potential of marigold EO to inducethe defense of potato, we analyzed 3 genes related to the induced resistance (IR): pathogenesisrelated PR-2 and PR-5 genes, and proteinase inhibitor Pin2. The potato plants were exposed to EOvolatiles during 4, 8 and 12 h. Two leaves of EO-treated or untreated control plants were collected,and plants were then additionally injured by mechanically wounding leaves across the leaf surface.After 24 h of wounding, another two leaves from each plant were collected and expressionof the IR related genes was analyzed by qPCR method. EO induced altered expression of PR genes,while Pin2 wasn’t affected by the treatment. Mechanical wounding increased the expression ofall genes after 4 and 8 h of EO treatment, with up to 4-fold change in PR-2. However, in plantsexposed to EO for 12 h before wounding, the level of transcription in PR-2 and Pin2 was similar tothat detected in untreated controls. These findings support the efforts for environmentally-safepest control in crops by using natural compounds.Uzelac B, editor. Book of abstracts. 3rd International Conference on Plant Biology (22nd SPPS Meeting); 2018 Jun 9-12; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: Serbian Plant Physiology Society; Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"; Faculty of Biology; 2018. p. 58

Supplementary data for the article: Stupar, S.; Dragićević, M.; Tešević, V.; Stanković-Jeremić, J.; Maksimović, V.; Ćosić, T.; Devrnja, N.; Tubić, L.; Cingel, A.; Vinterhalter, B.; Ninković, S.; Savić, J. Transcriptome Profiling of the Potato Exposed to French Marigold Essential Oil with a Special Emphasis on Leaf Starch Metabolism and Defense against Colorado Potato Beetle. Plants 2021, 10 (1), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010172.

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010172]Related to published version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4499

In vitro morphogenesis and plant regeneration in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.)

Šalot (Allium ascalonicum L.) i vlašac (A. schoenoprasum L.) pripadaju lukovima roda Allium, koji predstavlja jedan od najbrojnijih rodova među monokotilama. Ove ekonomski značajne biljne vrste se koriste u kulinarstvu širom sveta, zbog svog specifičnog mirisa, ukusa i dokazane antioksidativne aktivnosti. U procesima unapređivanja nutritivnih vrednosti i poboljšanja prinosa korišćenjem savremenih biotehnoloških metoda neophodan preduslov je efikasan i pouzdan protokol za regeneraciju in vitro. Pošto takve procedure za regeneraciju in vitro kod šalota i vlašca nisu bile dostupne, osnovni cilj ove disertacije je bio razvijanje efikasnih protokola za indukciju regeneracije pupoljaka/somatskih embriona kod ovih biljnih vrsta. Regeneracija pupoljaka/somatskih embriona je indukovana iz odsečaka korenova šalota i vlašca. Kod obe biljne vrste samo je apikalni deo korena imao regenerativni potencijal pod testiranim eksperimentalnim uslovima, ali se regeneracija odvijala različitim procesima: indirektnom kaulogenezom kod šalota i indirektnom somatskom embriogenezom kod vlašca. Snažan uticaj genotipa na regenerativni potencijal je uočen kod obe biljne vrste. Regenerativni potencijal je testiran na 30 nasumično izabranih linija šalota. Liniju su činili regeneranti dobijeni iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova biljke koja se razvila iz jednog klijanca. Među testiranim linijama je uočena visoka varijabilnost učestalosti regeneracije (0,93-100%) i prosečnog broja pupoljaka po eksplantatu (0,01-20,67). Linija 6 je pokazala najveći kaulogeni i rizogeni potencijal, kao i najbrži regenerativni odgovor. Koristeći apikalne odsečke korenova regenerisanih biljaka linije 6 kao izvor eksplantata, izvršena je optimizacija uslova za indukciju regeneracije. Svetlost, odnos 2,4-dihlorfenoksisirćetne kiseline (2,4-D) i 6-benziladenina (BA) u podlozi i trajanje faze indukcije kalusa su statistički značajno uticali na kaulogeni potencijal ove linije. Optimalna procedura za regeneraciju pupoljaka iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova šalota se sastojala iz pet nedelja kultivacije eksplantata na podlozi za indukciju kalusa sa 5 μM 2,4-D i 5 μM BA, zatim osam nedelja na podlozi za indukciju regeneracije sa 5 μM BA u prisustvu svetlosti i pri gustini fluksa od 100 μmol m-2s-1 tokom obe faze...Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.) belong to the genus Allium, which represents one of the largest genera of the monocotyledonous plants. These economically important plant species have been used worldwide as culinary herbs due to their specific odor, taste and proven potent antioxidative capacity. Crop improvement using modern biotechnological approaches requires an efficient and reliable protocol for in vitro plant regeneration. Since no such protocols for in vitro regeneration of shallot and chive had been available, the main objective of this dissertation was to develop efficient protocols for the induction of bud/somatic embryo regeneration in these plant species. Regeneration of shoots/somatic embryos was induced from root sections of shallot and chive. In both species, only the root-tip sections had the regeneration capacity under the experimental conditions tested, but the regeneration proceeded via different pathways: indirect caulogenesis in shallot and indirect somatic embryogenesis in chive. The strong influence of genotype on regeneration capacity was observed in both species. The regeneration capacity was tested in 30 randomly chosen lines of shallot. A line constitutes the root-tip-derived regenerants originating from a single seed-derived plant. High variability in the frequency of regeneration (0.93-100%) and the mean bud number per explant (0.01-20.67) was observed among these lines. Among them, line 6 exhibited both the highest caulogenic and rizogenic capacity, and the fastest regeneration response. Using the root-tip-derived in vitro regenerated plants of line 6 as an explant source, the regeneration procedure was further optimized. Light intensity, the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/6-benzyladenine (BA) ratio in callus induction medium and the duration of the callus induction phase significantly affected the caulogenic capacity of this line. Thus, the optimized protocol included a 5-week-long cultivation of the explants on callus induction medium supplemented with 5 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BA followed by an 8-week-long cultivation on regeneration induction medium containing 5 μM BA, under light with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 100 μmol m-2s-1 during both phases. Using this protocol, a 100% frequency of regeneration and 18.4 buds per explant were attained in line 6 after 13 weeks of treatment..

In vitro morphogenesis and plant regeneration in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.)

Šalot (Allium ascalonicum L.) i vlašac (A. schoenoprasum L.) pripadaju lukovima roda Allium, koji predstavlja jedan od najbrojnijih rodova među monokotilama. Ove ekonomski značajne biljne vrste se koriste u kulinarstvu širom sveta, zbog svog specifičnog mirisa, ukusa i dokazane antioksidativne aktivnosti. U procesima unapređivanja nutritivnih vrednosti i poboljšanja prinosa korišćenjem savremenih biotehnoloških metoda neophodan preduslov je efikasan i pouzdan protokol za regeneraciju in vitro. Pošto takve procedure za regeneraciju in vitro kod šalota i vlašca nisu bile dostupne, osnovni cilj ove disertacije je bio razvijanje efikasnih protokola za indukciju regeneracije pupoljaka/somatskih embriona kod ovih biljnih vrsta. Regeneracija pupoljaka/somatskih embriona je indukovana iz odsečaka korenova šalota i vlašca. Kod obe biljne vrste samo je apikalni deo korena imao regenerativni potencijal pod testiranim eksperimentalnim uslovima, ali se regeneracija odvijala različitim procesima: indirektnom kaulogenezom kod šalota i indirektnom somatskom embriogenezom kod vlašca. Snažan uticaj genotipa na regenerativni potencijal je uočen kod obe biljne vrste. Regenerativni potencijal je testiran na 30 nasumično izabranih linija šalota. Liniju su činili regeneranti dobijeni iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova biljke koja se razvila iz jednog klijanca. Među testiranim linijama je uočena visoka varijabilnost učestalosti regeneracije (0,93-100%) i prosečnog broja pupoljaka po eksplantatu (0,01-20,67). Linija 6 je pokazala najveći kaulogeni i rizogeni potencijal, kao i najbrži regenerativni odgovor. Koristeći apikalne odsečke korenova regenerisanih biljaka linije 6 kao izvor eksplantata, izvršena je optimizacija uslova za indukciju regeneracije. Svetlost, odnos 2,4-dihlorfenoksisirćetne kiseline (2,4-D) i 6-benziladenina (BA) u podlozi i trajanje faze indukcije kalusa su statistički značajno uticali na kaulogeni potencijal ove linije. Optimalna procedura za regeneraciju pupoljaka iz apikalnih odsečaka korenova šalota se sastojala iz pet nedelja kultivacije eksplantata na podlozi za indukciju kalusa sa 5 μM 2,4-D i 5 μM BA, zatim osam nedelja na podlozi za indukciju regeneracije sa 5 μM BA u prisustvu svetlosti i pri gustini fluksa od 100 μmol m-2s-1 tokom obe faze...Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and chive (A. schoenoprasum L.) belong to the genus Allium, which represents one of the largest genera of the monocotyledonous plants. These economically important plant species have been used worldwide as culinary herbs due to their specific odor, taste and proven potent antioxidative capacity. Crop improvement using modern biotechnological approaches requires an efficient and reliable protocol for in vitro plant regeneration. Since no such protocols for in vitro regeneration of shallot and chive had been available, the main objective of this dissertation was to develop efficient protocols for the induction of bud/somatic embryo regeneration in these plant species. Regeneration of shoots/somatic embryos was induced from root sections of shallot and chive. In both species, only the root-tip sections had the regeneration capacity under the experimental conditions tested, but the regeneration proceeded via different pathways: indirect caulogenesis in shallot and indirect somatic embryogenesis in chive. The strong influence of genotype on regeneration capacity was observed in both species. The regeneration capacity was tested in 30 randomly chosen lines of shallot. A line constitutes the root-tip-derived regenerants originating from a single seed-derived plant. High variability in the frequency of regeneration (0.93-100%) and the mean bud number per explant (0.01-20.67) was observed among these lines. Among them, line 6 exhibited both the highest caulogenic and rizogenic capacity, and the fastest regeneration response. Using the root-tip-derived in vitro regenerated plants of line 6 as an explant source, the regeneration procedure was further optimized. Light intensity, the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/6-benzyladenine (BA) ratio in callus induction medium and the duration of the callus induction phase significantly affected the caulogenic capacity of this line. Thus, the optimized protocol included a 5-week-long cultivation of the explants on callus induction medium supplemented with 5 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BA followed by an 8-week-long cultivation on regeneration induction medium containing 5 μM BA, under light with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 100 μmol m-2s-1 during both phases. Using this protocol, a 100% frequency of regeneration and 18.4 buds per explant were attained in line 6 after 13 weeks of treatment..

Green infrastructure planning for climate smart and "green" cities

The aim of the paper is to present green infrastructure planning within the concept of climate-smart cities. In this context the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as part of green infrastructure planning, is stressed in the establishment of climate-smart cities. In addition to presenting international examples of good practice, such as using GIS data, maps and tools for support in the USA, or designing a tool for water management and water infrastructure planning in Chicago, the paper provides an insight into the current status of green infrastructure planning in Serbia. The “Green regulation of Belgrade” project is presented as a representative example. The conclusions emphasise that the main preconditions for achieving climate-smart and green cities include legal and planning frameworks, as well as appropriate strategic and other programs that will further encourage the creation of GIS for green areas and create the conditions for climate-smart green infrastructure planning. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR 36035: Spatial, Environmental, Energy and Social Aspects of Developing Settlements and Climate Change - Mutual Impacts and Grant no. TR 36036: Sustainable spatial development of Danube area in Serbia