Aroma Profile and Phenolic Content of Honey Wine Produced from Wild Rose Fruit

426-433In this study, two chromatographic techniques were applied to determine the aroma profile and phenolic compounds of “Honey wine” produced by addition of Wild Rose Fruits (Rosa odorata-Andrews-Sweet). In addition, another control wine was produced with sucrose and rose fruits in order to differentiate compounds produced by yeast fermentation from those originated from honey and rose fruits. After maturation aroma components, phenolic compounds and sugar composition of wines were identified. Aroma components were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) techniques in wine samples. The dominant aroma components in both wines were ethanol, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl caprylate, ethyl decanoate, capronate ethyl. Some minor differences in the percentage of major aroma components were determined between two wine samples. Phenolic and sugar compositions were identified by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method in fruit extract and wine samples. While the total amount of phenolic compounds were 3604.9 mg/l in fruit juice, 74.3 mg/l in control wine and 111.8 mg/l in honey wine, the most abundant phenolics in both wines were catechin, epicatechin and routine

Fabrication and optimization of 3D printed gelatin methacryloyl microneedle arrays based on vat photopolymerization

Microneedles (MNs) are micrometer-sized arrays that can penetrate the skin in a minimally invasive manner; these devices offer tremendous potential for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Although there are many conventional techniques for manufacturing MNs, most of them are complicated and can only fabricate MNs with specific geometries, which restricts the ability to adjust the performance of the MNs. Herein, we present the fabrication of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) MN arrays using the vat photopolymerization 3D printing technique. This technique allows for the fabrication of high-resolution and smooth surface MNs with desired geometries. The existence of methacryloyl groups bonded to the GelMA was verified by 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. To examine the effects of varying needle heights (1000, 750, and 500 µm) and exposure times (30, 50, and 70 s) on GelMA MNs, the height, tip radius, and angle of the needles were measured; their morphological and mechanical properties were also characterized. It was observed that as the exposure time increased, the height of the MNs increased; moreover, sharper tips were obtained and tip angles decreased. In addition, GelMA MNs exhibited good mechanical performance with no breakage up to 0.3 mm displacement. These results indicate that 3D printed GelMA MNs have great potential for transdermal delivery of various therapeutics

Three-Dimensional-Printed GelMA-KerMA Composite Patches as an Innovative Platform for Potential Tissue Engineering of Tympanic Membrane Perforations

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations, primarily induced by middle ear infections, the introduction of foreign objects into the ear, and acoustic trauma, lead to hearing abnormalities and ear infections. We describe the design and fabrication of a novel composite patch containing photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and keratin methacryloyl (KerMA) hydrogels. GelMA-KerMA patches containing conical microneedles in their design were developed using the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing approach. Following this, the patches were biofunctionalized by applying a coaxial coating with PVA nanoparticles loaded with gentamicin (GEN) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) with the Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) method. The developed nanoparticle-coated 3D-printed patches were evaluated in terms of their chemical, morphological, mechanical, swelling, and degradation behavior. In addition, the GEN and FGF-2 release profiles, antimicrobial properties, and biocompatibility of the patches were examined in vitro. The morphological assessment verified the successful fabrication and nanoparticle coating of the 3D-printed GelMA-KerMA patches. The outcomes of antibacterial tests demonstrated that GEN@PVA/GelMA-KerMA patches exhibited substantial antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, cell culture studies revealed that GelMA-KerMA patches were biocompatible with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC) and supported cell attachment and proliferation without any cytotoxicity. These findings indicated that biofunctional 3D-printed GelMA-KerMA patches have the potential to be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing TM perforations

Aroma Profile and Phenolic Content of Honey Wine Produced from Wild Rose Fruit

In this study, two chromatographic techniques were applied to determine the aroma profile and phenolic compounds of “Honey wine” produced by addition of Wild Rose Fruits (Rosa odorata-Andrews-Sweet). In addition, another control wine was produced with sucrose and rose fruits in order to differentiate compounds produced by yeast fermentation from those originated from honey and rose fruits. After maturation aroma components, phenolic compounds and sugar composition of wines were identified. Aroma components were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) techniques in wine samples. The dominant aroma components in both wines were ethanol, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl caprylate, ethyl decanoate, capronate ethyl. Some minor differences in the percentage of major aroma components were determined between two wine samples. Phenolic and sugar compositions were identified by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method in fruit extract and wine samples. While the total amount of phenolic compounds were 3604.9 mg/l in fruit juice, 74.3 mg/l in control wine and 111.8 mg/l in honey wine, the most abundant phenolics in both wines were catechin, epicatechin and routine

Examen de los factores que afectan los niveles de agresión de los fanáticos del fútbol: muestras en Turquía

[Abstract] Fan aggression is a societal problem that affects many sports clubs worldwide. It should be handled in all dimensions to prevent individual and social aggression in sports environments. The study aims to examine the factors affecting the aggression levels of football fans. The study sample consisted of 909 people, 474 males, and 435 females. In addition to the personal information form, the "Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire" and "Football Fanaticism Scale" were used as data collection tools. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was used to examine the predictive power of independent variables on aggression. In addition, the Independent Samples T-Test was conducted to compare aggression in terms of gender. The results show that aggression predicts fanaticism positively, team identity, age, and education level negatively. In addition, it was observed that males exhibited high levels of physical and verbal aggression, while the females had high team identities. As a result, it can be said that fanaticism, team identity, age, education level, and gender are the main predictors of aggression (40%).[Resumen] La agresión de los fanáticos es un problema social que afecta a muchos clubes deportivos en todo el mundo. Debe ser manejado en todas sus dimensiones para prevenir agresiones individuales y sociales en ambientes deportivos. El estudio tiene como objetivo examinar los factores que afectan los niveles de agresión de los aficionados al fútbol. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 909 personas, 474 hombres y 435 mujeres. Además del formulario de información personal, se utilizaron como herramientas de recolección de datos el "Cuestionario de agresión de Buss-Perry" y la "Escala de fanatismo por el fútbol". Se utilizó el análisis de correlación producto-momento de Pearson para determinar las relaciones entre las variables, y se utilizó el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para examinar el poder predictivo de las variables independientes sobre la agresión. Además, se realizó la prueba T de muestras independientes para comparar la agresión en términos de género. Los resultados muestran que la agresión predice positivamente el fanatismo, negativamente la identidad del equipo, la edad y el nivel educativo. Además, se observó que los hombres exhibían altos niveles de agresión física y verbal, mientras que las mujeres tenían altas identidades de equipo. Como resultado, se puede decir que el fanatismo, la identidad del equipo, la edad, el nivel educativo y el género son los principales predictores de agresión (40%)

Research Trends in Web Site Usability: A Systematic Review

The present study aims to review systematically all the studies of web site usability conducted in the years from 2005 to 2014, in order to present the research trends in usability issues of web sites. Regarding the inclusion criteria, 199 studies in total were included in the study. The major findings include that the most frequently addressed usability issue is navigation (excluding general usability issues), most of the studies used user-based Usability Evaluation Methods (UEMs), the most frequently used user-based methods are questionnaire and usability testing, and user experience of special user groups was not taken into consideration much. This comprehensive research on the usability issues of web sites provides important implications for future research by presenting the research trends. Also, it has the importance of being a reference for the reviewing process with the analysis structure of research questions, especially with the proposed classification for UEMs

Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Stress Hormones During the Process of Birth

Objective: This study aims to determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and newborn. Study Design: This prospective observational study was conducted with 86 women with a normal singleton pregnancy who delivered healthy infants between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation in a tertiary center. Study groups included; (1) women undergoing normal vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia, (2) women undergoing vaginal delivery with immersion in water for pain relief during labor, (3) women delivered through elective caesarean section without labor. After delivery, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol, insulin, prolactin and Beta-endorphin levels were measured in maternal and umbilical cord serum and their relationships between modes of delivery were investigated. Results: It was found that the concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin after vaginal delivery with immersion in water group in both mothers and infants were higher than other two modes of delivery and these differences were statistically significant. Umbilical cord concentration of cortisol was the lowest in the caesarean section group. Conclusions: Maternal and fetal stress response was found to be associated with the mode of delivery and labor

Coaxial and emulsion electrospinning of extracted hyaluronic acid and keratin based nanofibers for wound healing applications

Novel composites based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/polyethylene oxide loaded with hyaluronic acid(HA) and keratin(KR) were produced separately using emulsion and coaxial electrospinning methods. HA and KR were extracted from animal sources, characterized and loaded into coaxial fiber structures as bioactive agents, separately and together. Morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of the fibers were investigated. According to the SEM results, diameters of smooth and beadless fibers fabricated via emulsion method were at nanoscale (sub-micron) while fibers of coaxial method were at micro scale. Benefitted electrospinning techniques demonstrated that hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers can be advantageously combined. Core polymer specific FT-IR bands were not visible, their presence was proven with DSC analysis which confirms core-shell morphology of the fibers. In vitro studies exhibited spun mats did not have any cytotoxic effects and the HA and KR incorporated into the fiber structure synergistically increased cell viability and cell proliferation. This study demonstrated that the electrospun fibers containing HA and KR fabricated by both emulsion and coaxial methods can be efficient for wound healing applications