Why Simpler Computer Simulation Models Can Be Epistemically Better for Informing Decisions

For computer simulation models to usefully inform climate risk management, uncertainties in model projections must be explored and characterized. Because doing so requires running the model many ti..

Integrated transcriptomics establish macrophage polarization signatures and have potential applications for clinical health and disease

Growing evidence defines macrophages (Mφ) as plastic cells with wide-ranging states of activation and expression of different markers that are time and location dependent. Distinct from the simple M1/M2 dichotomy initially proposed, extensive diversity of macrophage phenotypes have been extensively demonstrated as characteristic features of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, highlighting the difficulty of defining complex profiles by a limited number of genes. Since the description of macrophage activation is currently contentious and confusing, the generation of a simple and reliable framework to categorize major Mφ phenotypes in the context of complex clinical conditions would be extremely relevant to unravel different roles played by these cells in pathophysiological scenarios. In the current study, we integrated transcriptome data using bioinformatics tools to generate two macrophage molecular signatures. We validated our signatures in in vitro experiments and in clinical samples. More importantly, we were able to attribute prognostic and predictive values to components of our signatures. Our study provides a framework to guide the interrogation of macrophage phenotypes in the context of health and disease. The approach described here could be used to propose new biomarkers for diagnosis in diverse clinical settings including dengue infections, asthma and sepsis resolution

X-ray intensity correlation spectroscopy from fluid surfaces

X-ray intensity correlation spectroscopy (XICS) is a coherent X-ray scattering technique, which enables the investigation of dynamic properties of matter by analyzing the temporal correlations among intensities scattered by the studied material. This novel technique has been intensively applied in the last decade in order to examine the temporal and lateral correlation properties of fluid surfaces. Although, intensity correlation experiments are qualitatively well understood, present theoretical interpretations fail to explain XICS data from some well known fluid surfaces, such as water and glycerol. We believe that the discrepancies, between the theoretical predictions for the intensity correlation function and the experimental results, are due to some idealized assumptions with regard to the coherence of the X-ray beam, as well as the instrumental resolution. This thesis is mainly concerned with the derivation of the intensity correlation function for surface sensitive X-ray intensity correlation experiments including the effects of partial coherence and instrumental resolution. In order to derive the intensity correlation function the theoretical approach is based in this work on the statistical properties of the fluid surface and the scattered electric field. A scalar wave equation for the electric X-ray field is derived to determine the field expressions from time fluctuating and inhomogeneous media. The therefrom obtained field formulas are used to derive systematically field correlation functions and intensity correlation functions. The accuracy of the field expressions and the deduced correlation functions are restricted to the first Born approximation. Within this accuracy, we have provided intensity correlation functions that are applicable to charge scattering from fluid surfaces under the conditions of arbitrary spatial coherence and instrumental resolution. In addition, far and near field scattering conditions, i.e. Fraunhofer and Fresnel conditions, are rigorously incorporated in the theoretical intensity correlation functions. The experimental part in thesis is dedicated to the analysis of XICS measurements from hexane and water surfaces. The data analysis is based in parts on the intensity correlation function which is derived in the theoretical part of this work. We have convincingly illustrated that the conventionally used intensity correlation function is generally not suitable to analyze XICS experiments. In contrast to the conventionally used intensity correlation formula, we have obtained very good agreement between our theoretical intensity correlation function and the experimental results from hexane. This work may therefore be of general interest to scientists who make use of XICS or other scattering techniques using partially coherent X-ray beams

Fördert imaginiertes Wandern das Selbstmitgefühl? Eine experimentelle Onlinestudie

Selbstmitgefühl hat einen positiven Einfluss auf das Wohlbefinden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher die Auswirkung einer mentalen Wanderung, sowohl allein als auch mit einer frei gewählten Person, auf das Selbstmitgefühl untersucht. Zusätzlich werden die Einflüsse der Dezentrierung und des Affekts auf das Selbstmitgefühl erforscht. Einem Teil der Probanden, wurde ein Video eines aufgenommenen Spaziergangs präsentiert, welches als Kontrollbedingung dient. Die Probanden beantworteten drei Fragebögen zur Messung des Selbstmitgefühls (Self-compassion Scale), der Dezentrierung (Metacognitive Processes of Decentering Scale) und dem Affekt (Kurzskala zur Erfassung des Affekts). Anschließend wurden die Teilnehmer randomisiert den experimentellen Bedingungen zugeteilt. Im Anschluss daran, erfolgte die Post-Erhebung, bei der die Fragebögen erneut bearbeitet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keine signifikante Zunahme des Selbstmitgefühls nach der mentalen Wanderung oder dem Video. Weder der Affekt noch die Dezentrierung konnten das Selbstmitgefühl signifikant vorhersagen. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass die Dezentrierung nach der mentalen Wanderung signifikant zunahm. Zudem stieg der Affekt nach einer mentalen Wanderung mit einer frei gewählten Person, signifikant an. Diese Studie trägt zu neuen Erkenntnissen bei, indem die Auswirkungen einer mentalen Wanderung aufgezeigt werden. Im Vordergrund steht der aufgedeckte Zusammenhang einer mentalen Wanderung und der Dezentrierung, welcher einen Beitrag für zukünftige Untersuchungssansätze leisten könnte

SON ADIM

Ayhan Geçgin’in Son Adım adlı romanında mekanın ana karakterin kimlik arayışı sürecine etkisi nasıl anlatılmıştır

The stormwater retention benefits of urban trees and forests

The use of urban tree canopies as strategies to mitigate stormwater runoff is limited in part by a lack of empirically observed data. This thesis quantifies soil infiltration capacity in 21 forest patches in Baltimore, Maryland, and reports results from a meta-analysis on urban tree transpiration. Results show that the degree to which soil infiltration and tree transpiration functions reduce stormwater runoff depends on soil physical properties, tree characteristics, and management drivers. Yet, results conservatively estimate that Baltimore forest patch soils are capable of infiltrating ~68% of rainfall. In addition, urban trees transpire ~1.7 mm of water per day in the growing season or ~0.8 mm of water per day on an annual basis, an amount of water that equals approximately 26% of the annual rainfall in the Baltimore region. Thus, urban trees and forests impact urban hydrology and are an important component of stormwater green infrastructure in built environments

A (im)possibilidade da perda do cargo ou função pública, ou mandato eletivo a partir da decisão sobre a execução provisória da pena HC nº 126.292/SP, em face do princípio da presunção de inocência

Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Bacharel em Direito.Ao servidor público, aquele que realiza a vontade do Estado, são garantidos direitos e deveres, alicerçados por princípios amparados constitucionalmente, de modo a garantir o bom funcionamento estatal. Entre eles, tem-se a garantia de que, ao servidor que adquirir estabilidade, a perda do cargo público deverá se dar, na esfera penal, após o trânsito em julgado de sentença penal condenatória. Contudo, o princípio da presunção de inocência, previsto no art. 5º, LVII, da CRFB, disposto como um direito individual inerente ao cidadão, sofreu relativização em razão do HC nº 126.292/SP, o qual permitiu a execução provisória de sentença penal, ainda que pendente de recurso nas instâncias superiores, o que abriu precedente para os efeitos extrapenais genéricos da sentença – perda do cargo, função ou mandato eletivo – pudessem ser aplicados tão logo terminados os recursos em segundo grau. Deste modo, utilizar-se-á o método dedutivo, em pesquisa do tipo teórica e qualitativa, com emprego de material bibliográfico diversificado em livros, artigos de periódicos, teses e dissertações e, principalmente, da análise jurisprudencial, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Supremo Tribunal Federal e Tribunal Regional Federal da Quarta Região, entre o período de 18/02/2016 e 15/05/2018, mediante a busca dos seguintes termos: execução provisória, efeitos extrapenais da condenação, perda do cargo, emprego e mandato eletivo, com a finalidade de analisar as recentes decisões sobre o tema, para o levantamento de informações acerca da possibilidade da perda do cargo ou emprego público em decorrência de execução provisória da sentença penal. Assim, discorrer-se-á sobre as espécies de agentes públicos, os princípios e garantias a eles inerentes, assim como pesquisar-se-á os motivos que ensejam a perda do cargo, função, ou mandato eletivo. Em um segundo momento, examinar-se-á a mutação constitucional do princípio da presunção de inocência, assim como as garantias constitucionais em face da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal no HC nº 126.292/SP. Por fim, estudar-se-á as disposições doutrinárias no que tange a perda do cargo, função, ou mandato eletivo decorrente da execução provisória da pena, bem como refletir sua aplicação mediante análise dos julgamentos proferidos a partir do HC nº 126.292/SP, quanto a (im)possibilidade do início da aplicação dos efeitos extrapenais da condenação, visto que as decisões analisadas entre 2012 e 2018, implicam na relativização e, até mesmo, o afastamento do princípio da presunção de inocência, nas esferas eleitoral, administrativa e por fim, na penal

Conditions considered infringement of the brand right and claims for compensation

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Özel Hukuk Ana Bilim DalıMarka hakkı tescille kazanılan bir mülkiyet hakkıdır. Marka sahibi tescilli markasından kaynaklanan haklara mutlak olarak sahiptir. Bu haklardan biri de SMK kapsamında korunan marka hakkına tecavüzden kaynaklanan tazminat talep etme hakkıdır. Tescilli marka hakkının ve bu hak kapsamında, hakka tecavüzden kaynaklanan tazminat talep etme hakkının birtakım sınırları vardır. Çalışmamızda marka hakkının hukuki niteliği ve kazanılmasının esasları, marka hakkına hâkim ilkeler, marka hakkına tecavüz halleri ve marka hakkı sahibinin yetkisi olan tazminat talepleri ve tazminat yargılamasına ilişkin özellikler Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu, uluslararası sözleşmeler, öğretideki görüşler, ulusal ve uluslararası yargı kararları ışığında açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı marka hakkının, mülkiyet haklarının özel bir görünümü olduğunun ortaya konulması, SMK düzenlemesi ile getirilen marka hakkına tecavüz halleri ve tazminat taleplerinin özelliklerinin irdelenmesidir. SMK'nın yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra marka hakkına tecavüz sayılan haller genişletilmiştir. Marka hakkına tecavüz hallerinin ve tazminat taleplerinin her birinin incelendiği bir çalışmanın yapılması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Çalışma yazılı ve veri tabanlı kaynakların taranması ile hazırlanmıştır.It is an acquired property right registered with a trademark right. The trademark owner has absolute rights to the registered trademark. One of these rights is the right to demand compensation for violations against the trademark protected under the SMK. There are dimensions of the registered trademark share and the scope of this right, the burden of demanding rectification from the infringement of the right. The legal provisions of our working brand and the principles of its acquisition, the principles of brand dominance, the cases of brand accusations and the compensation provisions with the authority of the trademark right holder and the features of the compensation proceedings are explained to capture the Industrial Property Law, international conventions, doctrinal opinions, national and international judicial decisions. The aim of this study is to reveal a special point of view of the brand advantage, managers, brand accusations brought by the SMK regulation and to examine the collection of compensation. After the conversations of SMK, the cases deemed infringement of the trademark rights come to an end. Trademark accusation necessitates an application in which the man is examined after the cases of rape and compensation are found. The study was prepared by scanning software and database resources