Wistar ve genetik absans epilepsili sıçanlarda nörogenez belirteci olan doublecortin ile gama-aminobütirik asit immünreaktivitelerinin elektron mikroskopik olarak incelenmesi

ÖZETWistar ve Genetik Absans Epilepsili Sıçanlarda Nörogenez Belirteci Olan Doublecortin ile Gama-Aminobütirik Asit İmmünreaktivitelerinin Elektron Mikroskopik Olarak İncelenmesiAmaç: Genetik absans epilepsili sıçanlarda (GAERS) hipokampal nörogenez araştırılmamış bir konudur. Çalışmamızda 21 günlük ve 3 aylık erişkin Wistar ve GAERS sıçanlarda nörogenezi karşılaştırmak ve yeni oluşan nöronların GABAerjik terminallerle sinaps yapıp yapmadığını incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Wistar ve GAERS (21 günlük ve 3 aylık) sıçanlardan perfüzyon fiksasyonu ile elde edilen beyin dokuları elektron mikroskopik analizler için hazırlandı. Hipokampal dentat girus (DG) bölgelerinden alınan ince kesitler immün-altın yöntemi ile anti-gama-aminobütirik asit (GABA) ve anti-doublecortin (DCX) antikorlarıyla ikili olarak işaretlendi. Elektron mikroskobunda incelenen kesitler morfolojik ve niceliksel analiz için fotoğraflandı. Bulgular: Tüm gruplarda DCX immünreaktivitesi akson, dendrit ve hücre gövdelerinde görüldü. DCX (+) yapıların GABAerjik terminaller ile sinaps ve sinaps benzeri yapılar oluşturduğu belirlendi. Tüm deney gruplarında, aksonlara kıyasla dendritlerdeki ve simetrik sinaps oluşturan yapılara kıyasla da asimetrik sinaps oluşturan yapılardaki DCX işaretlenmesinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde fazla olduğu belirlendi. Kalitatif gözlemlerde 21 günlük hayvanlarda 3 aylıklara kıyasla DCX (+) mossy terminallerinde (MT) daha fazla GABA olduğu görüldü. GABA içeren DCX (+) profiller 21 günlük gruplarda 3 aylık gruplara göre artış eğilimi gösterdi ancak istatistiksel anlamlılık saptanmadı. Ayrıca 21 günlük ve 3 aylık GAERS gruplarında istatistiksel anlamlılık olmasa da GABA ve DCX yoğunluklarında kontrollere göre artma eğilimi gözlendi. Sonuçlar: Elde ettiğimiz veriler yeni oluşan DCX-ir nöronların lokal hipokampal ağa katıldığını göstermektedir. 21 günlük hayvanlarda DCX (+) profiller 3 aylıklara kıyasla daha fazla GABAerjik olma eğilimindedirler; bu da immatür hayvanlarda GABA’nın trofik etkisinden kaynaklanıyor olabilir. İmmatür hayvanlarda DCX (+) MT’lerde daha fazla GABA görmemiz, postnatal gelişimin erken dönemlerinde MT’lerden GABA salındığına dair kanıtları desteklemektedir. Çalışmamızda GAERS gruplarında DCX ve GABA yoğunlukları artma eğilimi göstermiştir. Bu bulgular absans epilepsi mekanizmalarında hipokampustaki değişikliklerin de etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: GAERS, nörogenez, doublecortin, GABA, elektron mikroskopi

Overektomi Uygulanan Sıçanlarda Uterus Dokuları Üzerinde Astaksantinin Etkisi: Histopatolojik Çalışma

Amaç: Güçlü bir antioksidan olarak bilinen astaksantin AST , inflamasyona karşı yararlı etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, overektomili sıçanlarda astaksantinin uterus dokuları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sprague-Dawley sıçanlar n = 18 ; rastgele üç gruba ayrıldı n = 6 : sağlıklı kontrol, overektomi OVT ve overektomi+ astaksantin OVT + AST . AST 1 mg / ml , overektomiden dört hafta önce başlanarak günlük 50 ml su ile deney grubuna oral yoldan verildi. AST tedavisi overektomi sonrası dört hafta daha sürdürüldü. Sekizinci haftanın sonunda, hayvanlar servikal dislokasyon ile ötenazi edildi. Ötenazi sonrası uterus formalin ile sabitlendi ve Hematoksilin-Eozin boyaması ile histolojik açıdan incelendi.Bulgular: OVT ile ortaya çıkan uterus epitelinde apiko-bazal yükseklikteki azalma ve hücresel bozulma, uterus bezlerindeki dejenerasyon ve stromadaki inflamasyon belirtileri, AST uygulanan sıçanlarda kontrole yakın düzelme göstermiştir. Sonuç: Tuba uterina, uterus ve vajinada menopoz sonrası ortaya çıkan değişiklikler menopozun klinik bulgularıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Astaksantinin bu dokular üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin mekanizmasının araştırılması gerekmektedi

Gamma-amino butyric acid immunoreactivity in the testis tissue of wistar and genetic absence epilepsy rats

Studies have shown the adverse effects of epileptic seizures on reproductive health. The aim of the present study was to investigate morphological changes, apoptosis and GABA localization in the testis tissue of genetic absence epilepsy rats. Testis tissues of GAERS and Wistar rats were processed for paraffin embedding and electron microscopy. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff reaction. GABA immunohistochemistry was applied for determining the alterations in GABA levels. GABA immunoreactivity was observed in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial areas of both GAERS and Wistar rats. GABA immunoreactivity was found to be decreased in GAERS compared to Wistar group. Electron microscopic observations showed that GABA was present in manchette microtubules, sperm tail and neck at different phases of spermiogenesis. Qualitative observations revealed that testis tissues of GAERS showed reduced sperm in the seminiferous tubules compared to the Wistar controls. In conclusion, we demonstrated GABAergic system in the seminiferous tubules of control and GAERS rats, in parallel with the previous studies; and there were alterations in this system in GAERS. We suggest that these alterations in absence epilepsy may also affect the gonadal system, resulting in decreased sperm production.Marmara Universit

Protective Effect of Erythropoietin on post-MI Liver Tissue

Aim: Cardiac hepatopathy arises due to heart failure and influences has effects on heart recovery after myocardial infarction (MI).The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) on liver tissue exposed to ischemia due to MI. Material and Methods: Experimental MI was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (CAL) and EPO or saline was injected immediately after CAL to five groups of rats, which groups are Control, Saline, EPO 5000, EPO 10000, CAL+1h. CAL+1h group was sacrificed one hour after CAL without any treatment. Other groups were sacrificed six hours after the operation. Liver tissues were examined histopathologically by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. Results: Degenerative changes in liver tissue such as vacuolization, sinusoidal dilatation, hepatocyte pyknosis, Kuppfer cell activation were observed. Vacuolization, and sinusoidal dilatation increased in the Saline group compared to the control group (p=0.010 for both). Degenerated hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei as well as activated Kuppfer cells were decreased in the EPO 10000 group compared to the Saline group (p=0.009), and activated Kupfer cells were decreased compared to the Saline and CAL+1h groups (p=0.035 and p=0.019, respectively). Conclusion: EPO protected liver tissue from histopathological damages regardless of dose, when given at the time of MI. EPO, when given immediately after MI, protected liver tissue from histopathological damage regardless of dose. Considering the mutual interaction of liver and heart,applying EPO to MI patients at first sight may prevent post-MI liver damage and contribute to the recovery of the heart

Neurogenesis is enhanced in young rats with genetic absence epilepsy: An immuno-electron microscopic study

AIM: To investigate neurogenesis in both adult and 3-week-old genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) to determine if newly formed neurons within the dentate gyrus (DG) form synaptic contacts with GABAergic (gamma aminobutyric acid) and glutamatergic nerve terminals and compared to the control (non-GAERS) Wistar rats. MATERIAL and METHODS: Brain tissue was processed for electron microscopic assessment. Thin sections from the hippocampal DG were double-labelled for anti-GABA or anti-VGLUT1 (vesicular glutamate transporter 1) and anti-doublecortin (DCX) antibodies using immunogold methodology and examined with the transmission electron microscope for morphological changes and to quantify the density of gold labeling. RESULTS: DCX immunoreactivity was demonstrated within axon terminals, dendrites and somata in all groups. DCX and GABA or VGLUT1 were found to be co-localized in the axon terminals in all groups. We observed that DCX-immunoreactive (-ir) profiles formed synaptic contacts with GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals. The percentage of DCX labeling in dendrites, compared to axons, and the percentage of DCX-ir terminal profiles forming asymmetrical synapses, compared to those forming symmetrical synapses, were increased in all groups compared to the control group. DCX immunoreactivity in the 21-day-old GAERS group was found to be increased compared to the Wistar group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that newly born neurons are incorporated into the local hippocampal network in both the GAERS and the control Wistar rats. The results suggest that the neurogenesis taking place in the hippocampus may also be involved in the mechanism underlying absence seizures in GAERS.Marmara University ; US Department of Veterans Affairs ; Ministry of National Education - Turke

Effects of Intraperitoneal Zoledronic Acid Administration on Cerebral Vasospasm Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

BOZKURT, SUHEYLA UYAR uyar/0000-0002-5947-947X; Kaya, Ozlem Tugce Cilingir/0000-0002-2591-9174; OZKAN, Mazhar/0000-0002-8745-2493WOS: 000365428100001Background: Early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm are major factors determining outcome for patients who experience subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was performed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid on cerebral vasospasm in an experimental SAH model. Methods: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned randomly to one of three groups. Animals in Group I were subjected to sham operation and received no treatment after the procedure (sham group, n=5). Animals in Group II were subjected to SAH and received no treatment after SAH induction (SAH group, n=5). Animals in Group III were subjected to SAH and received 0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneal zoledronic acid injection 2 hours after SAH induction (treatment group, n=5). Animals were euthanized 48 hours after the surgical procedures. Neurological deficit grading, basilar artery vasospasm indices, arterial wall thicknesses, and cross-sectional luminal areas were evaluated. Data were statistically compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The treatment group showed a better functional neurological amelioration in comparison to SAH group. However, the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In the treatment group, mean basilar artery vasospasm index and mean basilar artery wall thickness were found to be significantly smaller than those of the SAH group, while mean basilar artery cross-sectional luminal area in the treatment group was insignificantly greater than that of the SAH group. Conclusions: These findings revealed that intraperitoneal zoledronic acid administration attenuated vasospastic changes such as increased vasospasm index and arterial wall thickness in an experimental rat model of SAH