A Concise Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Epilupinine

Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-epilupinine was achieved in just 3 steps using only commercially available common reagents. The total synthesis involved alkylations of N-nosylamide, ozone oxidation, and sequential reactions of the removal of the nosyl group, intramolecular dehydrative condensation, intramolecular Mannich reaction catalyzed by L-proline, and a reduction

A suitable stereoisomer of vibrioferrin probes for iron uptake of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Suitable Stereostructures of vibrioferrin probes for iron uptake of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was revealed. Stereoisomers of dansyl labeled vibrioferrin at the 2′′-position were synthesized and their uptake activities were evaluated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus take in both isomers at the 2′′-position. In addition to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, several bacteria have also taken up the (R)-isomer

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ABSTRACT Context Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas have been detected with increasing frequency as a result of the progression of diagnostic modalities. Recently, invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas concomitant with IPMNs has been the focus of attention. Case report We report the case of a 57-year-old man with multifocal ductal carcinomas of the pancreas concomitant with IPMNs detected by intraoperative cytology. During a follow-up for branch duct IPMNs, a stenotic lesion of the main duct in the pancreatic body was found by ERCP, and brush cytology of the stenosis revealed an adenocarcinoma. A distal pancreatectomy was proposed; however, intraoperative pancreatic juice cytology from the pancreatic head also revealed adenocarcinoma, and a total pancreatectomy was finally carried out. Pathological examination of the resected specimen showed multifocal ductal carcinomas and IPMNs in the distal pancreas, and invasive ductal carcinoma in the pancreatic head which had not been detected by preoperative imaging studies. Conclusions Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of multifocal carcinomas in patients with concomitant IPMNs. Intraoperative pancreatic juice cytology should always be performed in order to confirm the absence of carcinoma in the pancreas to be left in place after planned resection

Current status of a helicopter transportation system on remote islands for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large-vessel occlusion within 6 h of symptom onset to treatment initiation (OTP). Recent trials have extended the therapeutic time window for MT to within 24 h. However, MT treatment remains low in remote areas. Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan has many inhabited islands with no neurointerventionalists. Our hospital on the mainland is a regional hub for eight island hospitals. We evaluated clinical outcomes of MT for patients with AIS on these islands versus on the mainland. Methods: During 2014–2019, we reviewed consecutive patients with AIS who received MT at our hospital. Patients comprised the Islands group and Mainland group. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Results: We included 91 patients (Islands group: 15 patients, Mainland group: 76 patients). Seven patients (46.7%) in the Islands group versus 43 (56.6%) in the Mainland group achieved favorable outcomes. Successful recanalization was obtained in 11 patients (73.3%) on the islands and 67 (88.2%) on the mainland. The median OTP time in the Islands was 365 min. In both the Islands and Mainland groups, the OTP time and successful recanalization were associated with functional outcome. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days ≤2 was obtained in two patients and mRS = 3 in four patients among eight patients with OTP time >6 h. Conclusions: Few patients with AIS on remote islands have received MT. Although patients who underwent MT on the islands had longer OTP, the clinical outcomes were acceptable. OTP time on remote islands must be shortened, as this is related to functional outcome. In some cases with successful recanalization, a favorable outcome can still be obtained even after 6 h. Even if OTP exceeds 6 h, it is desirable to appropriately select patients and actively perform MT

A Simulation Study of the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect : Modeling with Stochastically Defined Signal Reemission

The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been experimentally observed for different types of radiation, cell types, and cell culture conditions. However, the behavior of signal transmission between unirradiated and irradiated cells is not well known. In this study, we have developed a new model for RIBE based on the diffusion of soluble factors in cell cultures using a Monte Carlo technique. The model involves the signal emission probability from bystander cells following Poisson statistics. Simulations with this model show that the spatial configuration of the bystander cells agrees well with that of corresponding experiments, where the optimal emission probability is estimated through a large number of simulation runs. It was suggested that the most likely probability falls within 0.63-0.92 for mean number of the emission signals ranging from 1.0 to 2.5

Sustainable Block Design Process for High-Rise and High-Density Districts with Snow and Wind Simulations for Winter Cities

Urban designs that consider regional climatic conditions are one of the most important approaches for developing sustainable cities. In cities that suffer from heavy snow and cold winds in winter, an urban design approach different than that used for warm cities should be used. This study presents a scientific design process (the sustainable design approach) that incorporates environmental and energy assessments that use snow and wind simulations to establish guidelines for the design of urban blocks in high-rise and high-density districts so that the impact of snow and wind can be minimized in these cities. A city block in downtown Sapporo, Japan, was used as a case study, and we evaluated four conceptual models. The four models were evaluated for how they impacted the snow and wind conditions in the block as well as the snow removal energy. Based on the results, we were able to identify the design guidelines in downtown Sapporo: an urban block design with higher building height ratio without the mid-rise part can reduce the snowdrifts and lower the snow removal energy. The proposed sustainable urban design approach would be effective in improving the quality of public spaces and reducing snow removal energy in winter cities

Synthesis and evaluation of 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-9-azajulolidine (TMAJ) as a highly active derivative of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine

1,1,7,7-Tetramethyl-9-azajulolidine (TMAJ), which theoretical studies have suggested as a highly active DMAP analog, was synthesized for the first time. The catalytic activity of TMAJ was confirmed by the acetylation reactions of various tert-alcohols. TMAJ showed much higher catalytic activity than DMAP and one of the highest activity levels among the conventional DMAP analogs. These experimental results were in good agreement with the previous theoretical studies