A Method for the Rapid Cultivation of Desulfovibrio aestuarii on Filter Membranes

The cultivation of sulfate-reducing bacteria on agar plates is a somewhat involved and time-consuming process. This is partly due to the requirement for fairly strict anaerobic conditions but mainly because of the length of the incubation period which may vary from 6 days to weeks with the resulting delay of the required information. The work reported herein was undertaken in an attempt to apply the advantageous features of the membrane filter method to the detection of anaerobic organisms. As originally developed, the membrane filter (Goetz and Tsuneishi, 1951; Clark et al., 1951) permits the recovery of small numbers of organisms from large volumes of water and the rapid cultivation of many aerobic bacteria. The ultimate purpose was to develop a method which would not require more complex manipulation than the membrane procedure according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, Sewage, and Industrial Wastes (A.P.H.A. 1955) and to reduce the incubation period for anaerobic bacteria

Development of Border Economic Zones in Thailand: Expansion of Border Trade and Formation of Border Economic Zones

In the wake of economic globalization and development in Thailand, movement of people and commodities at the Thai borders is also becoming pronounced. Economic interdependence between Thailand and neighboring countries is growing through border customhouses. As a policy, Thailand is trying to stimulate trade and investment with neighboring countries following the ACMECS (Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy) scheme. In this report, first, movement of people and goods at the borders will be examined. Second, clarification of where and how development is proceeding will be presented. Last, this study will attempt to review the perspectives of policies on neighboring countries after Thaksin

The Regional Development Policy of Thailand and Its Economic Cooperation with Neighboring Countries

Thailand has recently strengthened its economic policy toward its neighboring countries in coordination with domestic regional development. It is widely recognized that economic cooperation with neighboring countries is essential in preventing the inflow of illegal labor and effectively utilizing labor and resources through the relocation of production bases. This direction is strengthened by elaborating the GMS-EC and the ECS (Economic Cooperation Strategy). In addition, economic dependency of the neighboring countries on Thailand is generally high. In this report, firstly, Thai regional development policy will be made clear in relation to its economic policy toward neighboring countries as well as the status quo of the industrial estates. Secondly, Thai policy toward the neighboring countries is examined referring to the concept of wide-ranging economic zones, regional economic cooperation and special border economic zones. Thirdly, the paper will discuss how closely the economies between Thailand and the neighboring countries are related through trade and investment. Lastly, some implications on Japan\u27s economic cooperation will also be explored

Thailand\u27s Economic Cooperation with Neighboring Countries and Its Effects on Economic Development within Thailand

Thailand\u27s economic cooperation with neighboring countries, including not only trade and investment but also economic assistance, is tied inseparably to regional development within Thailand. Assistance to develop infrastructure along economic corridors, for example, promotes Thai regional development. This study examines the trade and investment relationships between Thailand and its neighboring countries, as well as related economic policies of Thailand. The study also examines the type of economic assistance being extended, and the resulting regional development taking place. And lastly, the study considers policies for further cooperation by Thailand and the implications this has for Japanese economic cooperation

Border Trade and Economic Zones on the North-South Economic Corridor: Focusing on the Connecting Points between the Four Countries

The North-South Economic Corridor (NSEC), the road between Bangkok and Kunming, China, including the Laos route (R3B) and the Myanmar route (R3B), has been developed since 1998 following the GMS program. The region covering Yunnan Province in China, Shan State in Myanmar, Northern Laos and Northern Thailand has historical and ethnic closeness, and is a comparatively poor mountainous, boundary area. In the wake of the development of the NSEC, however, the region has started to show signs of change.Consequently, a review is to be carried out concerning the movement of people and cars, border trade and the situation concerning the progress of border economic zones at the five nodal border points in the four countries, and over three routes: R3A, R3B, and the Mekong River route

Novel ordering of the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction

The ordering property of the classical pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction is investigated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. The model is found to exhibit a first-order transition at a finite temperature into a peculiar ordered state. While the spin structure factor, i.e., the thermal average of the squared Fourier amplitude of the spin, exhibits a finite long-range order characterized by the commensurate spin order of the period four, the thermal average of the spin itself almost vanishes. It means that, although the amplitude of the spin Fourier component is long-range ordered, the associated phase degree of freedom remains to be fluctuating.Comment: Proceedings of the Highly Frustrated Magnetism (HFM2006) conference. To appear in a special issue of J. Phys. Condens. Matte

The first Japanese familial sotos syndrome with a novel mutation of the NSD1 gene

Sotos syndrome is caused by the haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene located in5q35. More than 70% of the Japanese cases carry microdeletions encompassing ofthis gene, while point mutations are common in Caucasians. Only 15 familial cases ofSotos syndrome have been reported and all cases shown to have not microdeletions butpoint mutations. We identified the first Japanese familial case (mother and 3children). They carry the same mutation at splice donor site of intron 13(IVS13+1G>A), which results in the in-frame skipping of exon 13. This is also the firstfamilial case caused by the mutation of the splice donor site. Each member of thisfamily showed variable phenotypes and mental development. The present report willcontribute to further understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation in Sotossyndrome

Work and Worship: Inari Shrines in Japan’s Commercial and Industrial Landscape, 1673-1864

With the figure of fox as the emblematic emissary, Inari—arguably the most popular Shinto deity in Japan—is often deemed polytheistic due to its diverse blessings, whether agricultural, commercial, or industrial, or all of these at once. In the common historical account, Inari worship began as an agricultural ritual and, affected by the soaring monetary economy from the seventeenth century onward, it attained other predicates. Through two main studies on Inari shrines, this dissertation refutes that limited narrative and demonstrates that the agricultural attribute was in turn accentuated with the monetary economy. One study revolves around the Mimeguri Shrine, enshrined in Tokyo at the turn of the eighteenth century by the magnate Mitsui family for their commerce. The other study deciphers the concatenation of the Coal Mountain Tutelary Shrine and Tōka Shrine, originally established in the late eighteenth century by the local feudal administration, Miike-han, for their coal production in the current Fukuoka prefecture. With these shrines, the respective commercial and coal enterprises were rendered agricultural as though contained within the dominant Tokugawa order, which idealized the rice-based economy. Nurturing in effect the profit of the Mitsui family and the extra revenue of Mike-han—constituting a surplus, as this dissertation argues—the Inari worships of the merchant and the regional administration produced labor times. The presence of those shrines in this study serves as the metonymy of a contradictory process whereby even a deity was “alienated” under the command of money as if were fooled by its own emissary, the fox