490 research outputs found
Examination of dialysis patients by a systematic review focused on serum phosphorus value
In November 2006, The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) announced its first guideline, "The guideline for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic dialysis patients," which gives the recommended range of management target values, especially for serum phosphorus, corrected serum calcium and serum intact parathyroid hormone concentrations. Recent studies have suggested that these factors are independently associated with mortality, especially increased cardiovascular mortality. In this research we focused on the serum phosphorus concentration because it is the highest clinical factor among these three. We systematically reviewed almost all documents that discussed the relation between serum phosphorus concentration and mortality as well as the "range of the management target value" specified by foreign guidelines from the US, UK, Canada, Australia and other countries. We summarized the finding concerning the serum phosphorus value of dialysis patients (especially the upper bound value). As a result, it was found that the "range of the management target value" varied among these guidelines. The reasons for this variation likely included differences in the measurement day, in the categories of serum phosphorus concentration, and in the exposure conditions among the studies to which the guidelines referred. Moreover, it was concluded that the Japanese guideline announced by the JSDT should be updated based on the results of future studies
Entropy production and isotropization in Yang-Mills theory with use of quantum distribution function
We investigate thermalization process in relativistic heavy ion collisions in
terms of the Husimi-Wehrl (HW) entropy defined with the Husimi function, a
quantum distribution function in a phase space. We calculate the semiclassical
time evolution of the HW entropy in Yang-Mills field theory with the
phenomenological initial field configuration known as the McLerran-Venugopalan
model in a non-expanding geometry, which has instabilty triggered by initial
field fluctuations. HW-entropy production implies the thermalization of the
system and it reflects the underlying dynamics such as chaoticity and
instability. By comparing the production rate with the Kolmogorov-Sina\"i rate,
we find that the HW entropy production rate is significantly larger than that
expected from chaoticity. We also show that the HW entropy is finally saturated
when the system reaches a quasi-stationary state. The saturation time of the HW
entropy is comparable with that of pressure isotropization, which is around
fm/c in the present calculation in the non-expanding geometry.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Study of entropy production in Yang-Mills theory with use of Husimi function
Understanding the thermalization process in a pure quantum system is a
challenge in theoretical physics. In this work, we explore possible
thermalization mechanism in Yang-Mills(YM) theory by using a positive
semi-definite quantum distribution function called a Husimi function which is
given by a coarse graining of the Wigner function within the minimum
uncertainty. Then entropy is defined in terms of the Husimi function, which is
called the Husimi-Wehrl(HW) entropy. We propose two numerical methods to
calculate the HW entropy. We find that it is feasible to apply the
semi-classical approximation with the use of classical YM equation. It should
be noted that the semi-classical approximation is valid in the systems of
physical interest including the early stage of heavy-ion collisions. Using a
product ansatz for the Husimi function, which is confirmed to reproduce the HW
entropy within 20% error (overestimate) for a few-body quantum system, we
succeed in a numerical evaluation of HW entropy of YM fields and show that it
surely has a finite value and increases in time.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Proceeding of the 33rd International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015), 14-18 July 2015, Kobe International
Conference Center, Kobe, Japa
Entropy production in quantum Yang-Mills mechanics in semi-classical approximation
We discuss thermalization of isolated quantum systems by using the
Husimi-Wehrl entropy evaluated in the semiclassical treatment. The Husimi-Wehrl
entropy is the Wehrl entropy obtained by using the Husimi function for the
phase space distribution. The time evolution of the Husimi function is given by
smearing the Wigner function, whose time evolution is obtained in the
semiclassical approximation. We show the efficiency and usefullness of this
semiclassical treatment in describing entropy production of a couple of quantum
mechanical systems, whose classical counter systems are known to be chaotic. We
propose two methods to evaluate the time evolution of the Husimi-Wehrl entropy,
the test-particle method and the two-step Monte-Carlo method. We demonstrate
the characteristics of the two methods by numerical calculations, and show that
the simultaneous application of the two methods ensures the reliability of the
results of the Husimi-Wehrl entropy at a given time.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
アジア東縁の下部白亜系から産出した新たな恐竜印跡動物相 : 印跡動物分類学的および古地理学的関係に対する示唆
内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(理学)Doctor of Sciencedoctora
A protocol to construct RNA-protein devices for photochemical translational regulation of synthetic mRNAs in mammalian cells
Here, we describe a protocol for the translational regulation of transfected messenger RNAs (mRNAs) using light in mammalian cells. We detail the steps for photocaged ligand synthesis, template DNA preparation, and mRNA synthesis. We describe steps for mRNA transfection, treatment of cells with a photocaged ligand followed by light irradiation, and analysis of the transgene expression. The protocol enables spatiotemporally regulated transgene expression without the risk of insertional mutagenesis
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