Asian-variant intravascular lymphoma in the African race

Intravascular Large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an exceptionally rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) distinguished by the preferential growth of neoplastic cells within blood vessel lumen. Challenging to detect and deemed disseminated at diagnosis, this condition is characterized by a highly aggressive, inconspicuous course with a high mortality rate. We describe the case of a 48 year-old African-American female presenting with a two month history of low-grade fevers and malaise. Laboratory data was notable for anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver function tests, and hematuria. An extensive work-up for infectious, rheumatologic and malignant causes was negative. Her symptoms progressed and within two weeks, she was admitted for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Her course was complicated by diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and ultimately, care was withdrawn. Autopsy identified widespread CD-20 positive intravascular large B-cell lymphoma with significant hepatosplenic involvement, characteristic of the Asian variant IVLBCL. This case uniquely highlights development of the Asian variant IVLBVL in a previously undescribed race. Identified by its intraluminal vascular growth pattern, IVLBCL generally spares lymphatic channels. Diagnosis and differentiation of this condition from other hematological malignancies via skin, visceral and bone marrow biopsy is imperative as anthracycline-containing chemotherapies may significantly improve clinical outcomes. This article outlines the common presentation, natural course, and treatment options of IVLBCL, along with the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and chromosomal aberrations common to this condition

Interleukin-15 Plays a Central Role in Human Kidney Physiology and Cancer through the γc Signaling Pathway

The ability of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) to activate many immune antitumor mechanisms renders the cytokine a good candidate for the therapy of solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma. Although IL-15 is being currently used in clinical trials, the function of the cytokine on kidney's components has not been extensively studied; we thus investigated the role of IL-15 on normal and tumor renal epithelial cells. Herein, we analyzed the expression and the biological functions of IL-15 in normal renal proximal tubuli (RPTEC) and in their neoplastic counterparts, the renal clear cell carcinomas (RCC). This study shows that RPTEC express a functional heterotrimeric IL-15Rαβγc complex whose stimulation with physiologic concentrations of rhIL-15 is sufficient to inhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) commitment preserving E-cadherin expression. Indeed, IL-15 is not only a survival factor for epithelial cells, but it can also preserve the renal epithelial phenotype through the γc-signaling pathway, demonstrating that the cytokine possess a wide range of action in epithelial homeostasis. In contrast, in RCC in vitro and in vivo studies reveal a defect in the expression of γc-receptor and JAK3 associated kinase, which strongly impacts IL-15 signaling. Indeed, in the absence of the γc/JAK3 couple we demonstrate the assembly of an unprecedented functional high affinity IL-15Rαβ heterodimer, that in response to physiologic concentrations of IL-15, triggers an unbalanced signal causing the down-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin, favoring RCC EMT process. Remarkably, the rescue of IL-15/γc-dependent signaling (STAT5), by co-transfecting γc and JAK3 in RCC, inhibits EMT reversion. In conclusion, these data highlight the central role of IL-15 and γc-receptor signaling in renal homeostasis through the control of E-cadherin expression and preservation of epithelial phenotype both in RPTEC (up-regulation) and RCC (down-regulation)

Inability of tobacco callus to express resistance against avirulent race of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and various non-pathogenic fungi (Agriculture)

タバコの羅病性品種(Burley-21)の茎は, その病原菌であるPhytophthora parasitica var. nicotianaeによって侵入を受けたが抵抗性品種(L-8)は侵入を受けなかった。しかしながら, 両タバコ品種より誘導されたカルス組織は本病原菌により同程度によく侵入を受けた。ホルモン濃度, 光, また温度を変化することによりカルスの培養条件を変化させても侵入の程度に差異は認められなかった。また, カルス組織は本来タバコ植物に病原性をもたない多くの非病原菌によってもよく侵入を受けた。これらカルス組織における非特異的な抵抗性消失は, カルス組織より誘導したタバコ植物が再び抵抗性を獲得するので, 抵抗性遺伝子がカルス細胞に欠除したためであるとは考え難く, むしろ抵抗性遺伝子の発現が何らかの作用により抑制されていると考えられる。タバコの葉も羅病性ならびに抵抗性品種に関係なくP. parasitica var. nicotianaeによってよく侵入を受けたが, 数種の非病原菌に対しては抵抗性を示した。このようにタバコはその組織の違いにより, 感受性を著しく異にする。Tobacco calluses derived from stem pith of either the resistant (L-8) or the susceptible (Burley-21) cultivar were equally colonized by race 0 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Several attempts by changing the cultural conditions of callus such as modifications of the hormonal regime, light, and temperature failed to obtain differential colonization rates by the fungus. A wide variety of the non-pathogenic fungi, which could not normally attack stem of intact tobacco plant, did also colonized on callus. Since the plant stems derived from callus regained the resistance not only to avirulent race of P. parasitica var. nicotianae but also to the nonpathogenic fungi, it was concluded that the mechanism for loss of resistance in callus is due to other than the deletion of genes governing resistance from genome of callus cells, and presumably being due to repression of the resistance gene expression. Leaves of the resistant and susceptible cultivar were equally attacked by P. parasitica var. nicotianae, but resisted to certain non-pathogenic fungi. The results, thus, revealed differential degrees of susceptibility among tobacco tissues

A pregnant Japanese woman returning from Africa with recurrent fevers

Akihiro Tsukadaira1, Tomohiro Sekiguchi1, Takashi Ashida2, Chinatsu Murashita3, Nobuo Itoh3, Mikiko Kobayashi4, Takashi Kagoshima4, Yoshitaka Yamazaki41Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3Division of Clinical Pathology, Iida Municipal Hospital, Yawatacho 438, Iida, Japan; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Suzaka Prefectural Hospital, Suzaka 1332, Suzaka, JapanAbstract: Certain clinical aspects of vivax malaria are no longer defined as benign. We present a case of vivax malaria with three relapses in a pregnant Japanese woman who had returned to Japan from the Comoros Islands in East Africa. Data on the successful delivery, examination of Duffy-blood group antigen, and microscopic findings of growing stages of Plasmodium vivax are thought to be of considerable interest.Keywords: vivax malaria, Duffy-blood group, pregnanc