Regulation of Id2 expression by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β

Mice deficient for Id2, a negative regulator of basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors, exhibit a defect in lactation due to impaired lobuloalveolar development during pregnancy, similar to the mice lacking the CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β. Here, we show that Id2 is a direct target of C/EBPβ. Translocation of C/EBPβ into the nucleus, which was achieved by using a system utilizing the fusion protein between C/EBPβ and the ligand-binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (C/EBPβ-ERT), demonstrated the rapid induction of endogenous Id2 expression. In reporter assays, transactivation of the Id2 promoter by C/EBPβ was observed and, among three potential C/EBPβ binding sites found in the 2.3 kb Id2 promoter region, the most proximal element was responsible for the transactivation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified this element as a core sequence to which C/EBPβ binds. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) furthermore confirmed the presence of C/EBPβ in the Id2 promoter region. Northern blotting showed that Id2 expression in C/EBPβ-deficient mammary glands was reduced at 10 days post coitus (d.p.c.), compared with that in wild-type mammary glands. Thus, our data demonstrate that Id2 is a direct target of C/EBPβ and provide insight into molecular mechanisms underlying mammary gland development during pregnancy

Feasibility study of immediate pharyngeal cooling initiation in cardiac arrest patients after arrival at the emergency room

AIM: Cooling the pharynx and upper oesophagus would be more advantageous for rapid induction of therapeutic hypothermia since the carotid arteries run in their vicinity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pharyngeal cooling on brain temperature and the safety and feasibility for patients under resuscitation. METHODS: Witnessed non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients (n=108) were randomized to receive standard care with (n=53) or without pharyngeal cooling (n=55). In the emergency room, pharyngeal cooling was initiated before or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation by perfusing physiological saline (5 °C) into a pharyngeal cuff for 120 min. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in tympanic temperature at 40 min after arrival (P=0.02) with a maximum difference between the groups at 120 min (32.9 ± 1.2°C, pharyngeal cooling group vs. 34.1 ± 1.3°C, control group; P<0.001). The return of spontaneous circulation (70% vs. 65%, P=0.63) and rearrest (38% vs. 47%, P=0.45) rates were not significantly different based on the initiation of pharyngeal cooling. No post-treatment mechanical or cold-related injury was observed on the pharyngeal epithelium by macroscopic observation. The thrombocytopaenia incidence was lower in the pharyngeal cooling group (P=0.001) during the 3-day period after arrival. The cumulative survival rate at 1 month was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of pharyngeal cooling before or immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation is safe and feasible. Pharyngeal cooling can rapidly decrease tympanic temperature without adverse effects on circulation or the pharyngeal epithelium

カルシウム タイシャ セイギョ ニ オケル Alpha - Klotho ノ ヤクワリ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第13477号医博第3166号新制||医||963(附属図書館)UT51-2007-T853京都大学大学院医学研究科脳統御医科学系専攻(主査)教授 野間 昭典, 教授 福田 和彦, 教授 芹川 忠夫学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

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PD058日本教育心理学会第47回総会浅井学園大学2005年9月17日(土)～19日(月

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対面説明場面における説明者の情報処理モデルの検討

近年,多様な分野において説明活動に対する注目が高まっている.説明活動は,説明の受け手の理解を促し,知識･行動の変容を促すために行われる.それに際して,説明者は説明の受け手や作業対象の情報などを把握し,それに合わせた説明内容と介入方法の選択が求められる.辻･岸･中村(2003)は,説明者の情報処理モデルの構築を行った.説明場面における説明者の情報処理過程を検討することを通して,よりわかりやすい説明の指針が得られることが期待される.本稿では,認知心理学の枠組みに基づき,説明者の情報処理モデルの構築と検証結果の報告,また,児童に対する説明指導のあり方の提言を行う