Failure mechanisms in DP600 steel: Initiation, evolution and fracture

Local deformation and damage mechanisms have been studied for a commercial DP600 steel using in-situ tensile testing inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Different gauge geometries have been used to study damage evolution processes during tensile testing up to final failure. Strain distributions have been measured within the ferrite and martensite phases, together with the corresponding strain values for identified damage initiation mechanisms. According to the strain maps, large plastic deformation with strain values as large as 4.5 have been measured within the ferrite phase. Severe deformation localization and slip band formation were observed within the ferrite grains. The DIC results show that martensite in the studied material is plastically deformable with a heterogeneous strain distribution within the islands with values of up to 0.9 close to the phase boundaries. Failure of the martensite islands occurs mostly due to micro-crack initiation at the boundaries with the ferrite followed by crack propagation towards the centre of the islands. As for the ferrite matrix, it is found that its interface with the martensite is strong and cohesive. Localized damage in the matrix occurs by sub-micron void formation within the ferrite adjacent to the interface as opposed to the separation along the phase boundary itself or in the central regions of the ferrite grains A mechanism has been proposed to explain the deformation and damage evolution in the microstructure of the studied DP600 steel up to the final fracture

Treatment of pistachios with boric acid, Zn-sulfate and Zn-chelate

We studied the effect of boric acid, Zn-sulfate and Zn-chelate on shell split and development of fruit rot diseases of the pistachio cultivar Eginis. The results showed that boric acid applied to soil and leaves together gave the highest percentage of shell split. Boric acid applied solely to the soil also increased significantly the percentage of shell split. In contrast, Zn-sulfate and Zn-chelate did not affect shell splitting, regardless of treatment No rotten fruit was found in any of the treatments, including the control