СТАН КАЛЬЦІЙ-ФОСФОРНОГО ОБМІНУ У ДІТЕЙ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ПІЄЛОНЕФРИТОМ

40 children with chronic pyelonephritis aged 5-14 years were examined. Research of level in blood of phosphorus and calcium for the children of a chronic pyelonephritis at 20 % patients was found hyperphosphatemia, and at 17% - hypоphosphatemia. At 8 % children are marked increase of level of calcium in the serum of blood and at 27% it is his decline.Обследовано 40 детей с хроническим пиелонефритом в возрасте 5-14 лет. Исследование уровня в крови фосфора и кальция у детей з ХПН у 20 % больных виявлено гиперфосфатемию, а у 17 % - гипофосфатемию. У 8 % детей отмечено повышение уровня кальция в сыворотке крови и у 27 % - его снижение.Обстежено 40 дітей з хронічним пієлонефритом у віці 5-14 років. При аналізі вмісту в крові фосфору і кальцію у дітей з ХПН у 20 % хворих виявлено гіперфосфатемію, а у 17% - гіпофосфатемію. У 8 % дітей відмічено підвищення рівня кальцію в сироватці крові і у 27 % - його зниження

The Spatial Aspects of Enterprise Learning in Transition Countries

This paper investigates the sources of enterprise learning under transition, using the results of a recent survey conducted in six Central and East European countries. The analysis identifies three possible and interacting ways of enterprise learning: (1) learning by doing; (2) learning from the environment; and (3) learning from networks. Then it examines the spatial variations of the factors affecting learning by contrasting capital regions with western border regions and all sampled firms. The paper concludes that enterprise learning in transition economies is a spatially selective process, as most structural and behavioural factors tend to favour capital regions. Consequently, transition policies have to incorporate certain types of regional policy into their core, as a supplementary and balancing force to market-driven structural and spatial adjustments. A partir d'une enquete recente menee en six pays de l'Europe centrale et orientale, cet article cherche a examiner les origines de l'apprentissage d'entreprise dans les pays en voie de transition. L'analyse distingue trois facons eventuelles qui agissent l'une sur l'autre: (1) apprendre sur le tas; (2) apprendre en milieu; et (3) apprendre en reseau. Il s'ensuit un examen des variations spatiales des facteurs qui influent sur l'apprentissage en comparant les regions principales aux regions frontalieres occidentales et a toutes les entreprises qui figurent dans l'echantillon. On conclut que l'apprentissage d'entreprise dans les economies en voie de transition s'avere un processus selectif du point de vue spatial, vu que la plupart des facteurs structurels et de comportement ont tendance a favoriser les regions principales. Par consequent, les politiques de transition doivent incorporer des politiques regionales particulieres comme force supplementaire et d'equilibre face aux ajustements structurels et spatiaux qui sont determines par les contraintes du marche. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Quellen der Vermittlung von Kenntnissen zur Betriebsfuhrung unter Ubergangsbedingungen, wobei er sich auf die Ergebnisse einer kurzlich in sechs Landern Mittel-und Osteuropas durchgefuhrten Umfrage stutzt. Die Analyse stellt drei mogliche, und aufeinander einwirkende Arten der Vermittlung von Kenntnissen zur Betriebsfuhrung vor: (1) Lernen durch Tun; (2) Lernen von der Umwelt; und (3) Lernen von Netzwerken. Sodann untersucht sie die raumlichen Abweichungen der Faktoren, die sich auf Lernprozesse auswirken, indem sie Hauptstadtregionen den westlichen Grenzgebiete und allen untersuchten Firmen gegenuberstellt. Der Aufsatz folgert, dass Vermittlung von Kenntnissen zur Betriebsfuhrung in sich im Ubergang befindlichen Wirtschaften ein raumlich aussiebender Vorgang ist, da die meisten strukturellen und Verhaltensfaktoren dazu neigen, Hauptstadtregionen zu begunstigen. Infolgedessen muss Ubergangspolitik ihrem Kerngehalt gewisse Formen der Regionalpolitik als erganzende und ausgleichende Kraft zu den vom Markt bestimmten strukturellen und raumlichen Einstellungen einverleiben.Enterprise Learning, Transition, Regional Policy,

Disentangling different patterns of business cycle synchronicity in the EU regions

The present paper provides a comprehensive and consolidated analysis of the business cycle synchronicity between European regions and EU-14. Our study is conducted in three levels. First, we analyse regional business cycle synchronization with the EU-14 benchmark cycle, using real GDP in 200 NUTS II regions for a period of 30 years (1980-2009), detrended by Hodrick-Prescott filter. Secondly, we employ a VAR type methodology as a measurement devise to examine the dynamic relationship of the regional business cycles. Our main interest is to study the dynamics of business cycles as well as the pattern of the transmission mechanism to regions with different level of development. Finally, we empirically extend the research on identifying factors which might drive regional business cycle synchronization. In particular, we analyse the role of trade integration-cum- the sectoral patterns of specialisation as determinants of regional growth cycle correlations with the EU-14. Moreover, we draw attention to regional productivity as another possible determinant of business cycle synchronisation associated with the pattern of the spatial distribution of economic activities across regions. Panel three-stage least-squares estimation is implemented for the simultaneous equations between determinants and regional business cycles synchronisation

Maternal diet during pregnancy and micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in mothers and newborns (Rhea cohort, Crete)

Purpose: The study assessed whether diet and adherence to cancer prevention guidelines during pregnancy were associated with micronucleus (MN) frequency in mothers and newborns. MN is biomarkers of early genetic effects that have been associated with cancer risk in adults. Methods: A total of 188 mothers and 200 newborns from the Rhea cohort (Greece) were included in the study. At early-mid pregnancy, we conducted personal interviews and a validated food frequency questionnaire was completed. With this information, we constructed a score reflecting adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines on diet, physical activity and body fatness. At delivery, maternal and/or cord blood was collected to measure DNA and hemoglobin adducts of dietary origin and frequencies of MN in binucleated and mononucleated T lymphocytes (MNBN and MNMONO). Results: In mothers, higher levels of red meat consumption were associated with increased MNBN frequency [2nd tertile IRR = 1.34 (1.00, 1.80), 3rd tertile IRR = 1.33 (0.96, 1.85)] and MNMONO frequency [2nd tertile IRR = 1.53 (0.84, 2.77), 3rd tertile IRR = 2.69 (1.44, 5.05)]. The opposite trend was observed for MNBN in newborns [2nd tertile IRR = 0.64 (0.44, 0.94), 3rd tertile IRR = 0.68 (0.46, 1.01)], and no association was observed with MNMONO. Increased MN frequency in pregnant women with high red meat consumption is consistent with previous knowledge. Conclusions: Our results also suggest exposure to genotoxics during pregnancy might affect differently mothers and newborns. The predictive value of MN as biomarker for childhood cancer, rather than adulthood, remains unclear. With few exceptions, the association between maternal carcinogenic exposures during pregnancy and childhood cancer or early biologic effect biomarkers remains poorly understood.The Rhea cohort was funded by the following European projects NewGeneris (FP-6-FOOD-CT-2005-016320), ESCAPE (FP7-2007-211250), HiWATE (FP-6-FOOD-CT-2006-036224), Envirogenomarkers (FP7-2008-ENV-1.2.1.4), CHICOS (FP7-2009-GA 241604), and ENRIECO (FP7-2008-GA 226285). COG holds a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship awarded from the Carlos III National Institute of Health (CD13/00072). MP held a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship awarded from the Spanish Ministry of Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (JCI-2011-09479). DFM received support from the Italian Ministry of Health, 5x1000 Grant-2011