Markets for emission permits with free endowment: a vintage capital analysis

In this paper we develop a vintage capital model for a firm involved in a market for tradable emission permits. We analyze both the firm’s optimal investment plans and the market equilibrium. This allows us to scrutinize how firms use permits free endowment, and to highlight the implications of non-optimal uses both at the firm and at the market level. We provide a new rationale for the market of tradable permits not to be cost-efficient. The novel technical points in this context are the use a distributed (vintage) optimal control model of the firm, the use of optimality conditions for non-smooth problems, and the involvement of a nonlinear Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for the description of the equilibrium price of permits, and its practical meaning for market regularization.

Speculating About Mountains

∗Partially supported by Grant MM 409/94 of the Mininstry of Education, Science and Technology, Bulgaria. ∗∗Partially supported by Grants MM 521/95, MM 442/94 of the Mininstry of Education, Science and Technology, Bulgaria.The definition of the weak slope of continuous functions introduced by Degiovanni and Marzocchi (cf. [8]) and its interrelation with the notion “steepness” of locally Lipschitz functions are discussed. A deformation lemma and a mountain pass theorem for usco mappings are proved. The relation between these results and the respective ones for lower semicontinuous functions (cf. [7]) is considered

Deformation Lemma, Ljusternik-Schnirellmann Theory and Mountain Pass Theorem on C1-Finsler Manifolds

∗Partially supported by Grant MM409/94 Of the Ministy of Science and Education, Bulgaria. ∗∗Partially supported by Grant MM442/94 of the Ministy of Science and Education, Bulgaria.Let M be a complete C1−Finsler manifold without boundary and f : M → R be a locally Lipschitz function. The classical proof of the well known deformation lemma can not be extended in this case because integral lines may not exist. In this paper we establish existence of deformations generalizing the classical result. This allows us to prove some known results in a more general setting (minimax theorem, a theorem of Ljusternik-Schnirelmann type, mountain pass theorem). This approach enables us to drop the compactness assumptions characteristic for recent papers in the field using the Ekeland’s variational principle as the main tool

Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses: first report from Northern Bulgaria – Short communication

Lyme borreliosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and monocytic ehrlichiosis are well studied in humans and dogs. In horses, these diseases are not widely investigated and limited information is available about their occurrence. The purpose of this study was to present the first ELISA-based report on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi in horses from Northern Bulgaria. A total of 192 horses were investigated from three regions in Northern Bulgaria (Northwestern, North-Central and Northeastern Bulgaria). All equine sera were tested for A. phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and B. burgdorferi antibodies by a commercial rapid ELISA test. Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were found in all the three regions at a mean frequency of 12% (23/192), ranging from 9.38 to 15.63% by region. Antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. were found in horses from one region (Northeastern) at a rate of 0.5% (1/192). Anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies were detected in all the three regions with a mean frequency of 15.1% (29/192), ranging from 14.06 to 17.19% by region. A co-exposure to A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was observed in 6.3% of the cases (12/192). This is the first report on the natural exposure of horses to these bacteria (A. phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and B. burgdorferi) in Northern Bulgaria

Infections with Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi in a dog

A clinical case of Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in a 5year-old male German Shepherd is described. Clinical, serological, necropsy and histopathological examinations supporting the diagnosis have been performed

L-Spline Interpolation for Differential Operators of Order 4 with Constant Coefficients

In this paper it is shown that many features from polynomial spline methods used in nonparametric regression and smoothing procedures carry over to the class of L-splines where L is a linear differential operator of order 4 with constant coefficients. Special attention is given to the question whether an analogue of the Reinsch algorithm is valid and criteria are given such that the associated matrix R is strictly diagonal dominant.Project KP-06-N32-8; Project KP-06N42-2 with Bulgarian NSF; Grant No BG05M2OP001-1.001-0003,financed by the Science and Education for Smart Growth Operational Program (2014-2020) and co-financed by the European Union through the European structural and Investment funds

Optimal Cutting Problem

One of the tasks of the Construction office of company STOBET Ltd is to create large sheets of paper containing a lot of objects describing a building construction as tables, charts, drawings, etc. For this reason it is necessary to arrange the small patterns in a given long sheet of paper with a minimum wastage. Another task of the company is to provide a way of cutting a stock material, e.g. given standard steel rods, into different number of smaller sized details in a way that minimizes the wasted material

Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Bulgaria: A Brief Analysis of the Situation in the Country

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, more thorough investigations for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection have been done in the world. Reports from Southeast European countries have increased. AIM: The current article presents a critical analysis of all studies for HEV in Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was done using available medical databases. We analysed the literature in PubMed databases and Bulgarian medical databases for English and Bulgarian languages sources. Preference was given to the sources published within the past 24 years (January 1995 – September 2018). RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred and fifty-seven blood serums were tested for the analysed period (1995 – 2018), and 13.1% of them were positive for acute HEV (Mean ± SD: 20.38 ± 25.77%; 95% CI: 1.29 – 39.47%). The following subtypes were established in the country – HEV Subtype 3e, HEV Subtype 3f, HEV Subtype 3c, HEV Subtype 3i, HEV Subtype 3hi and HEV Subtype 1. CONCLUSION: We hope that the National Health Organizations will take adequate and timely measures to increase the knowledge and research for HEV among Bulgarian citizens