Principe ne bis in idem : d'une cacophonie jurisprudentielle à une reconstruction à quatre mains

Aquesta ponència forma part del Workshop internacional de doctorands organitzat pel Programa de Doctorat en Dret de la UAB i la Facultat de Dret de la UAB, amb el suport de l'École Européenne de Droit de l'Université Toulouse Capitol

Enhancing the stability of organolead halide perovskite films through polymer encapsulation

Perovskite solar cells based on organolead halides such as CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) have rapidly established themselves as the frontrunners among emerging photovoltaic technologies. However, their commercial application has been hindered to date in part due to their susceptibility to degradation by UV radiation or heat in the presence of moisture. Herein we investigate the relationship between the physical properties of several polymer encapsulants (poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), ethyl cellulose, polycarbonate and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)) and their ability to function as barrier layers to improve the stability of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films under prolonged thermal degradation at 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C. In all cases, polymer-coated CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films showed retarded thermal degradation compared to the uncoated films, as indicated by the quantitative decay of the perovskite band edge in the UV/Vis absorption spectrum and the appearance of PbI2 peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. However, the extent of this reduction was highly dependent on the physical properties of the polymer encapsulant. Notably, PMMA-coated CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films showed no visible signs of degradation to PbI2 after extended heating at 60 °C. However, concomitant studies by epifluorescence microscopy (FM) revealed deterioration of the CH3NH3PbI3−xClx film quality, even in the presence of a polymer-coating, at much shorter heating times (29 h), as evidenced by quenching of the film fluorescence, which was attributed to grain aggregation and the formation of associated non-radiative trap sites. Since grain aggregation occurs on a shorter timescale than chemical degradation to PbI2, this may be the limiting factor in determining the resistance of organolead halide perovskite films to thermal degradation

176 - Cannabis Use Modality and Emotion Regulation

Despite recreational cannabis use’s increase in popularity in recent years, there is a dearth of research on the commonality of cannabis use modalities. Additionally, emotion regulation is the ability to adequately respond to one’s emotional experiences, yet there is little research connecting emotion regulation and cannabis use modality. This study aims to assess the ways in which emotion regulation may be associated with cannabis use modality as measured by the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU; Cutler & Spradlin, 2017). Participants were SUNY Geneseo students (N = 70) studying psychology who completed an online survey of their cannabis use modality and emotion regulation strategies. Point biserial correlations were used to examine the relationship between the 18-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), its subscales, and four items on the DFAQ-CU. It was hypothesized that the overall DERS-18 scores as well as the goals, clarity, impulse, and strategy subscales would positively correlate with the items on cannabis use modality in the DFAQ-CU. Preliminary results suggest there are significant correlations between the modes of cannabis used (i.e., marijuana flower, concentrates, or edibles) and the goals, clarity, and strategy subscales of the DFAQ-CU. Future analyses will address whether individuals’ emotion regulation strategies influence multiple preferred modes of cannabis use

A simple method to evaluate the effectiveness of encapsulation materials for perovskite solar cells

Solution processed perovskite solar cells are an exciting development in the field of photovoltaics achieving power conversion efficiencies of over 20%. Nevertheless, stability issues are still limiting the successful entry of this technology into the PV market. Rapid degradation has been observed and reported as the result of different factors, such as light, humidity and temperature, simultaneously present during real operation. It is felt within the PV community that proper, effective encapsulation is one of the key contributors to increasing perovskite lifetimes. This work presents a simple and effective method based on RGB (red, green, blue) colour measurements to track perovskite degradation to lead iodide (PbI2) using time lapse photography and thus evaluate the effectiveness/reliability of different encapsulation methods and materials. This technique gives a clear indication of when the perovskite has fully degraded and the impact of different encapsulants on degradation rate. This is supported by other analytical techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy and XRD

Recent developments in perovskite-based precursor inks for scalable architectures of perovskite solar cell technology

The progressive enhancements in solar-to-electrical conversion within the past decade have allowed organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) technology to become a competitive candidate for creating affordable and sustainable electricity. This review highlights the developments in fabricating advanced precursor inks of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite-based light harvesters for large-area perovskite solar cell technology. One of the key characteristics of this promising photovoltaic technology includes solution processing, which offers possibilities to scale up lab-sized solar cell devices into large-area perovskite solar modules comprising unique device architectures. These have been realized in recent years for their deployment in various applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics or internet of things (IoT) devices. In this regard, the presented overview highlights the recent trends that have emerged in the research and development of novel perovskite precursor ink formulations, and it also discusses their contribution toward demonstrating efficient, scalable, and durable PSC technology to create electricity and energize futuristic applications. Various reports were included aiming to showcase the robust photovoltaic performance of large-area perovskite solar modules in a variety of device configurations, hence providing a brief overview of the role of state-of-the-art scalable precursor ink development in transforming unstable lab-sized solar cells into robust, low-cost perovskite solar cell technology that can be scaled up to cover much larger areas

Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to some technical difficulties (e.g., intricate fabrication protocols, high-temperature heating process, incompatible solvents, etc.), it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based devices. Here, we developed efficient inverted PSCs (IPSCs) based on solution-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles, working as hole and electron transport materials respectively, enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers. Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces, we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.5% (the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV), which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport materials. Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties, ambient stability (retaining 95% of initial PCE after 1 month), thermal stability (retaining 80% of initial PCE after 2 weeks) and light stability (retaining 90% of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging) of resultant devices are enhanced significantly. In addition, owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device, we have obtained a PCE of over 21% for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability

Uneven-aged management in the Missouri Ozarks: effects of site conditions, stand density, and prior populations on oak regeneration

While studies have shown the importance of site characteristics and overstory density on the success of white oak regeneration under uneven-aged management, few studies have analyzed the effects of these variables over time in the Missouri Ozarks. Here, we quantify the effects of site variables, stand density, and prior populations of reproduction on temporal patterns of white oak reproduction establishment and recruitment following decades of uneven-aged management. The results of this study indicate that while site characteristics, stand density, and prior populations are all important for white oak regeneration, this is not the case for every site characteristic or stage of regeneration. While xeric conditions often improve white oak regeneration, some xeric site characteristics, such as low available water capacity, reduce white oak regeneration. This study found that stand density reduction is also important for increasing future white oak recruitment; however, it was not important for increasing white oak seedling establishment. Further, under uneven-aged management stand density was not closely related to understory sunlight levels. Finally, prior populations of regeneration are vital to future recruitment, and it is necessary to have prior populations established many years in advance of desired recruitment.Includes bibliographical references

AI-ASSISTED GESTURE NAVIGATION FOR COMPUTING DEVICES

A computing device (e.g., a smartphone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartwatch, etc.) may use a machine learning model to classify user inputs as a back gesture for navigating with respect to graphical user interfaces (GUI) of the computing device. The computing device may apply a machine learning model to input data associated with the user input (e.g., (x,y) coordinates of the user inputs) and a context of the computing device (e.g., an application (“app”) that is currently executing on the computing device, the width of the computing device, the orientation of the computing device, etc.) to determine a degree of likelihood of the user input being a back gesture. If the degree of likelihood of the user input being a back gesture satisfies a threshold, the computing device may execute a back action associated with the back gesture. If the degree of likelihood does not satisfy the threshold, the computing device may execute a different action or may discard the user input. The machine learning model may be trained on a computing system (e.g., a remote server) distinct from the computing device while the trained machine learning model may be stored at the computing device

Improving pairwise approximations for network models with susceptible-infected-susceptible dynamics

Network models of disease spread play an important role in elucidating the impact of long-lasting infectious contacts on the dynamics of epidemics. Moment-closure approximation is a common method of generating low-dimensional deterministic models of epidemics on networks, which has found particular success for diseases with susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) dynamics. However, the effect of network structure is arguably more important for sexually transmitted infections, where epidemiologically relevant contacts are comparatively rare and longstanding, and which are in general modelled via the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS)-paradigm. In this paper, we introduce an improvement to the standard pairwise approximation for network models with SIS-dynamics for two different network structures: the isolated open triple (three connected individuals in a line) and the -regular network. This improvement is achieved by tracking the rate of change of errors between triple values and their standard pairwise approximation. For the isolated open triple, this improved pairwise model is exact, while for -regular networks a closure is made at the level of triples to obtain a closed set of equations. This improved pairwise approximation provides an insight into the errors introduced by the standard pairwise approximation, and more closely matches both higher-order moment-closure approximations and explicit stochastic simulations with only a modest increase in dimensionality to the standard pairwise approximation