Civil Obligations with Multiplicity of Persons in Roman Law

Проведено дослідження цивільно-правових зобов’язань з множинністю осіб в римському праві. Проаналізовано часткові, солідарні та корреальні зобов’язання. Здійснено розмежування корреальних та солідарних зобов’язань за римським правом.The research of civil obligations with multiplicity of persons in Roman law. Analyses of partial, joint and several, correal obligations. Done distinction between correal obligations - on the one hand and joint and several obligations - on the other hand under Roman law.Проведено исследование гражданско-правовых обязательств с множественностью лиц в римском праве. Проанализированы долевые, солидарные и корреальные обязательства. Осуществлено разграничение корреальных и солидарных обязательств в римском праве

Results of the Triennial Monitoring over the Ship’s Ballast Water at the Ports of the Rostov-Region

Demonstrated are the results of microbiological monitoring over the ship’s ballast water at the sea ports of the Rostov region. Analyzed for the presence of Vibrio cholerae are the samples of the ship’s ballast water collected within the period of May-September 2010-2012, a total of 179 samples collected from 127 ships. Among 30 V. cholerae non O1/ non O139 strains isolated in 2010-2011 only 13 have been identified serologically. Application of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 2012 has enhanced informational capacity of the investigations. It has expanded the range and increased the frequency of bacteriological findings. The detection of vibrios implies possibility of V. cholerae importation into the aquatic area of Azov Sea

A meiotic linkage map of the silver fox, aligned and compared to the canine genome

A meiotic linkage map is essential for mapping traits of interest and is often the first step toward understanding a cryptic genome. Specific strains of silver fox (a variant of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes), which segregate behavioral and morphological phenotypes, create a need for such a map. One such strain, selected for docility, exhibits friendly dog-like responses to humans, in contrast to another strain selected for aggression. Development of a fox map is facilitated by the known cytogenetic homologies between the dog and fox, and by the availability of high resolution canine genome maps and sequence data. Furthermore, the high genomic sequence identity between dog and fox allows adaptation of canine microsatellites for genotyping and meiotic mapping in foxes. Using 320 such markers, we have constructed the first meiotic linkage map of the fox genome. The resulting sex-averaged map covers 16 fox autosomes and the X chromosome with an average inter-marker distance of 7.5 cM. The total map length corresponds to 1480.2 cM. From comparison of sex-averaged meiotic linkage maps of the fox and dog genomes, suppression of recombination in pericentromeric regions of the metacentric fox chromosomes was apparent, relative to the corresponding segments of acrocentric dog chromosomes. Alignment of the fox meiotic map against the 7.6x canine genome sequence revealed high conservation of marker order between homologous regions of the two species. The fox meiotic map provides a critical tool for genetic studies in foxes and identification of genetic loci and genes implicated in fox domestication