Mathematikkompetenz beim Lösen von Physikaufgaben

Mathematik wird häufig als die Sprache der Physik bzw. der Natur bezeichnet. Feynman ging sogar so weit, dass die Mathematik die einzige Sprache für die Physik sei und wer etwas über die Physik lernen möchte, müsse sich der Mathematik bedienen. Dies spiegeln auch die Einheitlichen Prüfungsordnungen für das Abitur in Physik, in denen ein erhöhter Grad an Mathematisierung verlangt wird, wieder. Oft müssen Lehrpersonen jedoch feststellen, dass das mathematische Vokabular der Schülerinnen und Schüler entweder nur schwerfällig bei Physikaufgaben angewendet wird oder, es im Mathematikunterricht noch nicht speziell thematisiert wurde. Auch die aus der Sicht der Physik notwendige Mathematikkompetenz, die nach Weinert neben dem Wissen, Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten auch motivational, soziale und volitionale Bereitschaften umfasst, scheint durch die Mathematik nur eingeschränkt vermittelt zu werden und bereitet daher scheinbar unüberwindbare Probleme im Fach Physik. Hieraus ergeben sich die Fragen, welche mathematischen Vokabeln bzw. In-halte sowie welche mathematischen Kompetenzen für den Physikunterricht in der Sekundarstufe II not-wendig sind? Aufbauend auf dem mathematischen Modellierungskreislaufs und dem Grundvorstellungs-konzepts nach vom Hofe wird ein Modell mathematischer Kompetenz in der Physik diskutiert und ein Design zur Evaluation vorgestellt

Mathematikkompetenz beim Lösen von Physikaufgaben

Mathematik wird häufig als die Sprache der Physik bzw. der Natur bezeichnet. Feynman ging sogar so weit, dass die Mathematik die einzige Sprache für die Physik sei und wer etwas über die Physik lernen möchte, müsse sich der Mathematik bedienen. Dies spiegeln auch die Einheitlichen Prüfungsordnungen für das Abitur in Physik, in denen ein erhöhter Grad an Mathematisierung verlangt wird, wieder. Oft müssen Lehrpersonen jedoch feststellen, dass das mathematische Vokabular der Schülerinnen und Schüler entweder nur schwerfällig bei Physikaufgaben angewendet wird oder, es im Mathematikunterricht noch nicht speziell thematisiert wurde. Auch die aus der Sicht der Physik notwendige Mathematikkompetenz, die nach Weinert neben dem Wissen, Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten auch motivational, soziale und volitionale Bereitschaften umfasst, scheint durch die Mathematik nur eingeschränkt vermittelt zu werden und bereitet daher scheinbar unüberwindbare Probleme im Fach Physik. Hieraus ergeben sich die Fragen, welche mathematischen Vokabeln bzw. In-halte sowie welche mathematischen Kompetenzen für den Physikunterricht in der Sekundarstufe II not-wendig sind? Aufbauend auf dem mathematischen Modellierungskreislaufs und dem Grundvorstellungs-konzepts nach vom Hofe wird ein Modell mathematischer Kompetenz in der Physik diskutiert und ein Design zur Evaluation vorgestellt

Contribution of serum lipids and cholesterol cellular metabolism in lung cancer development and progression

AbstractNeoplasms of the lungs are the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Although immunotherapy has increased the overall survival of patients with lung cancer, there is the need to improve this treatment. At this regard, blood lipid levels are thought to be linked to cancer risk and thus a preventive intervention through regulation of the nutrition of patients with lung cancer is gaining much attention. In this study, we therefore asked about the contribution of serum lipids and cholesterol cellular metabolism in lung cancer development and progression. We measured different serum lipids and analyzed cholesterol synthesis enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and acetyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) as well as the cholesterol cellular export protein ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A-1 mRNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the control and tumoral regions of post-surgery lung tissues to analyze the accumulation of cholesterol in cancer cells in a cohort of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We found that triglycerides in serum directly correlated with the body mass index (BMI) in patients with LUAD. By contrast, we found that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol inversely correlated with the BMI, C-reactive protein (CRP) and overall survival and total cholesterol inversely correlated with the tumor diameter, serum CRP and overall survival in these LUAD patients. Functionally, the role of cholesterol is indispensable for the growth and development of normal animal cells where it is tightly regulated. Excess of cellular cholesterol regulated by HMGCR is converted to cholesteryl esters by the enzyme ACAT1 and exported extracellularly by the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. Here we found HMGCR and ACAT1 upregulated and ABCA1 downregulated in the lung’s tumoral region of our LUAD cohort, indicating cholesterol dysregulated cellular export in lung tumor cells.</jats:p

Fiber rich food suppressed airway inflammation, GATA3 + Th2 cells, and FcεRIα+ eosinophils in asthma

BackgroundAllergic Asthma is a disease presenting various endotypes and no current therapies act curative but alleviate disease symptoms. Dietary interventions are gaining increasing importance in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, short chain fatty acids (SFCA), as the main products of dietary fiber’s fermentation by the gut bacteria, ameliorate the pathogenesis and disease burden of different illnesses including asthma. Nevertheless, the connection and crosstalk between the gut and lung is poorly understood.ObjectiveIn this work, the role of high fiber diet on the development of allergic asthma at baseline and after exacerbation of disease induced by respiratory viruses was investigated.MethodsHereby, SCFA in serum of asthmatic and non-asthmatic pre-school children before and after airway disease symptoms were analyzed. Moreover, the effect of high fiber diet in vivo in a murine model of house dust mite extract (HDM) induced allergic asthma and in the end in isolated lung and spleen cells infected ex vivo with Rhinovirus was analyzed.ResultsIn this study, a decrease of the SCFA 3-Hydroxybutyric acid in serum of asthmatic children after symptomatic episodes at convalescent visit as compared to asthmatic and control children at baseline visit was observed. In experimental asthma, in mice fed with high fiber diet, a reduced lung GATA3 + Th2 type mediated inflammation, mucus production and collagen deposition and expression of Fc epsilon receptor Ia (FcεRIa) in eosinophils was observed. By contrast, the CD8+ memory effector T cells were induced in the lungs of asthmatic mice fed with high fiber diet. Then, total lung cells from these asthmatic mice fed with either standard food or with fiber rich food were infected with RV ex vivo. Here, RV1b mRNA was found significantly reduced in the lung cells derived from fiber rich food fed mice as compared to those derived from standard food fed asthmatic mice. Looking for the mechanism, an increase in CD8+ T cells in RV infected spleen cells derived from fiber rich fed asthmatic mice, was observed.ConclusionConvalescent preschool asthmatic children after a symptomatic episode have less serum ß-Hydroxybutyric acid as compared to control and asthmatic children at baseline visit. Fiber rich diet associated with anti-inflammatory effects as well as anti-allergic effects by decreasing Type 2 and IgE mediated immune responses and inducing CD8+ memory effector T cells in a murine model of allergic asthma. Finally, ex vivo infection with Rhinovirus (RV) of total lung cells from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food led to a decreased RV load as compared to mice fed with standard food. Moreover, spleen cells derived from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food induced CD8+ T cells after ex vivo infection with RV.Clinical implicationsDietary interventions with increased content in natural fibers like pectins would ameliorate asthma exacerbations. Moreover, respiratory infection in asthma downregulated SCFA in the gut contributing to asthma exacerbations

Rhinovirus Suppresses TGF-&beta;-GARP Presentation by Peripheral NK Cells

Asthma is a chronic airway disease whose exacerbations are often triggered by rhinovirus infection. TGF-&beta;1 induces rhinovirus replication in infected cells. Moreover, TGF-&beta;1 is a pleiotropic mediator that is produced by many immune cells in the latent, inactive form bound to the latency-associated peptide (LAP) and to the transmembrane protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). In this study we wanted to investigate the effect of rhinovirus infection on the TGF-&beta; secretion and the downstream signaling via TGF-&beta;RI/RII in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from control and asthmatic patients after rhinovirus infection ex vivo. Here, we found a significant upregulation of TGF-&beta;RII in untouched PBMCs of asthmatics as well as a suppression of TGF-&beta; release in the rhinovirus-infected PBMC condition. Moreover, consistent with an effect of TGF-&beta; on Tregs, PBMCs infected with RV induced Tregs, and TGF-&beta;RII directly correlated with RV1b mRNA. Finally, we found via flow cytometry that NK cells expressed less GARP surface-bound TGF-&beta;, while cytokine-producing NKbright cells were induced. In summary, we show that rhinovirus infection inhibits TGF-&beta; release in PBMCs, which results in the activation of both Treg and NK cells

Rhinovirus Suppresses TGF-β-GARP Presentation by Peripheral NK Cells

Asthma is a chronic airway disease whose exacerbations are often triggered by rhinovirus infection. TGF-β1 induces rhinovirus replication in infected cells. Moreover, TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic mediator that is produced by many immune cells in the latent, inactive form bound to the latency-associated peptide (LAP) and to the transmembrane protein glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). In this study we wanted to investigate the effect of rhinovirus infection on the TGF-β secretion and the downstream signaling via TGF-βRI/RII in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from control and asthmatic patients after rhinovirus infection ex vivo. Here, we found a significant upregulation of TGF-βRII in untouched PBMCs of asthmatics as well as a suppression of TGF-β release in the rhinovirus-infected PBMC condition. Moreover, consistent with an effect of TGF-β on Tregs, PBMCs infected with RV induced Tregs, and TGF-βRII directly correlated with RV1b mRNA. Finally, we found via flow cytometry that NK cells expressed less GARP surface-bound TGF-β, while cytokine-producing NKbright cells were induced. In summary, we show that rhinovirus infection inhibits TGF-β release in PBMCs, which results in the activation of both Treg and NK cells

Presentation_1_Fiber rich food suppressed airway inflammation, GATA3 + Th2 cells, and FcεRIα+ eosinophils in asthma.pdf

BackgroundAllergic Asthma is a disease presenting various endotypes and no current therapies act curative but alleviate disease symptoms. Dietary interventions are gaining increasing importance in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, short chain fatty acids (SFCA), as the main products of dietary fiber’s fermentation by the gut bacteria, ameliorate the pathogenesis and disease burden of different illnesses including asthma. Nevertheless, the connection and crosstalk between the gut and lung is poorly understood.ObjectiveIn this work, the role of high fiber diet on the development of allergic asthma at baseline and after exacerbation of disease induced by respiratory viruses was investigated.MethodsHereby, SCFA in serum of asthmatic and non-asthmatic pre-school children before and after airway disease symptoms were analyzed. Moreover, the effect of high fiber diet in vivo in a murine model of house dust mite extract (HDM) induced allergic asthma and in the end in isolated lung and spleen cells infected ex vivo with Rhinovirus was analyzed.ResultsIn this study, a decrease of the SCFA 3-Hydroxybutyric acid in serum of asthmatic children after symptomatic episodes at convalescent visit as compared to asthmatic and control children at baseline visit was observed. In experimental asthma, in mice fed with high fiber diet, a reduced lung GATA3 + Th2 type mediated inflammation, mucus production and collagen deposition and expression of Fc epsilon receptor Ia (FcεRIa) in eosinophils was observed. By contrast, the CD8+ memory effector T cells were induced in the lungs of asthmatic mice fed with high fiber diet. Then, total lung cells from these asthmatic mice fed with either standard food or with fiber rich food were infected with RV ex vivo. Here, RV1b mRNA was found significantly reduced in the lung cells derived from fiber rich food fed mice as compared to those derived from standard food fed asthmatic mice. Looking for the mechanism, an increase in CD8+ T cells in RV infected spleen cells derived from fiber rich fed asthmatic mice, was observed.ConclusionConvalescent preschool asthmatic children after a symptomatic episode have less serum ß-Hydroxybutyric acid as compared to control and asthmatic children at baseline visit. Fiber rich diet associated with anti-inflammatory effects as well as anti-allergic effects by decreasing Type 2 and IgE mediated immune responses and inducing CD8+ memory effector T cells in a murine model of allergic asthma. Finally, ex vivo infection with Rhinovirus (RV) of total lung cells from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food led to a decreased RV load as compared to mice fed with standard food. Moreover, spleen cells derived from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food induced CD8+ T cells after ex vivo infection with RV.Clinical implicationsDietary interventions with increased content in natural fibers like pectins would ameliorate asthma exacerbations. Moreover, respiratory infection in asthma downregulated SCFA in the gut contributing to asthma exacerbations.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Fiber rich food suppressed airway inflammation, GATA3 + Th2 cells, and FcεRIα+ eosinophils in asthma.pdf

BackgroundAllergic Asthma is a disease presenting various endotypes and no current therapies act curative but alleviate disease symptoms. Dietary interventions are gaining increasing importance in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, short chain fatty acids (SFCA), as the main products of dietary fiber’s fermentation by the gut bacteria, ameliorate the pathogenesis and disease burden of different illnesses including asthma. Nevertheless, the connection and crosstalk between the gut and lung is poorly understood.ObjectiveIn this work, the role of high fiber diet on the development of allergic asthma at baseline and after exacerbation of disease induced by respiratory viruses was investigated.MethodsHereby, SCFA in serum of asthmatic and non-asthmatic pre-school children before and after airway disease symptoms were analyzed. Moreover, the effect of high fiber diet in vivo in a murine model of house dust mite extract (HDM) induced allergic asthma and in the end in isolated lung and spleen cells infected ex vivo with Rhinovirus was analyzed.ResultsIn this study, a decrease of the SCFA 3-Hydroxybutyric acid in serum of asthmatic children after symptomatic episodes at convalescent visit as compared to asthmatic and control children at baseline visit was observed. In experimental asthma, in mice fed with high fiber diet, a reduced lung GATA3 + Th2 type mediated inflammation, mucus production and collagen deposition and expression of Fc epsilon receptor Ia (FcεRIa) in eosinophils was observed. By contrast, the CD8+ memory effector T cells were induced in the lungs of asthmatic mice fed with high fiber diet. Then, total lung cells from these asthmatic mice fed with either standard food or with fiber rich food were infected with RV ex vivo. Here, RV1b mRNA was found significantly reduced in the lung cells derived from fiber rich food fed mice as compared to those derived from standard food fed asthmatic mice. Looking for the mechanism, an increase in CD8+ T cells in RV infected spleen cells derived from fiber rich fed asthmatic mice, was observed.ConclusionConvalescent preschool asthmatic children after a symptomatic episode have less serum ß-Hydroxybutyric acid as compared to control and asthmatic children at baseline visit. Fiber rich diet associated with anti-inflammatory effects as well as anti-allergic effects by decreasing Type 2 and IgE mediated immune responses and inducing CD8+ memory effector T cells in a murine model of allergic asthma. Finally, ex vivo infection with Rhinovirus (RV) of total lung cells from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food led to a decreased RV load as compared to mice fed with standard food. Moreover, spleen cells derived from asthmatic mice fed with fiber rich food induced CD8+ T cells after ex vivo infection with RV.Clinical implicationsDietary interventions with increased content in natural fibers like pectins would ameliorate asthma exacerbations. Moreover, respiratory infection in asthma downregulated SCFA in the gut contributing to asthma exacerbations.</p