Structure and Phase Composition of V-Al-N-C Master Alloy

The article presents the results of studying the phase composition and microstructure of the V-Al-N-C alloy, intended mainly for doping titanium alloys, but also of interest to manufacturers of structural steels. The V-Al-N-C alloy was obtained by the method of out-of-furnace aluminothermic smelting of a mixture containing vanadium pentoxide, aluminum powder, nitrided by the SHS method powdered V-Al-(17-20)N (wt.%) alloy and graphite in copper uncooled molds. The phase composition was determined by X-ray phase analysis (diffractometer - DRON-2.0, radiation - Cu-Kα, monochromator - graphite). The microstructure and composition of the phases were investigated by X-ray microanalysis using a JSM-59000LV scanning electron microscope ( Japan) and an Oxford INCA Energy 200 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (United Kingdom). It is revealed that the matrix of the V-Al-N-C alloy, containing (wt. %): 73.9 V; 23.7 Al, 1.2 N, 0.69 C, and 0.08 O2, are represented by the solid solution of aluminum in vanadium. The main nitrogen-containing phase is aluminum nitride AlN of a cubic structure. The carbide phase can be identified as V2Al0.9C1.1. Nitride and carbide phases are distributed quite uniformly in the alloy matrix. The carbide phase in the structure of the V-Al-N-C alloy is predominantly in the form of threadlike crystals up to 100 μm in length. The nitride phase is represented by small (up to 10 μm) and large (30 ÷ 10

Actual Problems of Chemical-Analytical Control in Ecotechnoparks for Processing Industrial Waste

В статье изложены задачи входного аналитического контроля в экотехнопарках по обработке, утилизации и обезвреживанию производственных отходов, приведена сравнительная характеристика современных методов определения в них содержания металлов и органических соединений, предложены новые подходы к исследованию химического состава жидких неорганических отходов I и II классов опасности на основе применения вольтамперометрии в смешанных водно-органических средах.The article describes the tasks of input analytical control in ecotechnoparks for processing, recycling and neutralization of industrial waste, provides a comparative description of modern methods for determining the content of metals and organic compounds in waste, and suggests new approaches to the study of the chemical composition of liquid inorganic waste of hazard classes I and II based on the use of voltammetry in mixed water-organic media

The Problem of Dioxin Safety During the Operation of Waste Heat Treatment Plants

Образование диоксинов и контроль их содержания в выбросах установок термообезвреживания (сжигания) отходов является актуальной проблемой экологической безопасности в России. Технологические циклы, реализуемые в отечественных установках термического обезвреживания промышленных и бытовых отходов, базируются, как правило, на пламенном сжигании отходов в барабанных печах, при этом применяемые системы охлаждения выбросов не позволяют предотвратить диоксинообразование в газовых потоках. Оn-line контроль содержания диоксинов в выбросах организовать невозможно в связи с отсутствием в мировой практике соответствующего приборного и аналитического обеспечения, что существенно повышает риски неконтролируемого загрязнения окружающей среды данными суперэкотоксикантами. Рассмотрены подходы технологического, экоаналитического и организационного характера, позволяющие снизить уровень диоксиновой опасности при обработке, утилизации и обезвреживании промышленных и бытовых отходов.The formation of dioxins and the control of their content in the emissions of thermal waste disposal (incineration) plants is an urgent problem of environmental safety in Russia. Technological cycles implemented in domestic installations for the thermal neutralization of industrial and household waste are based, as a rule, on the flaming incineration of waste in drum furnaces, while the applied emission cooling systems do not prevent dioxin formation in gas streams. It is impossible to organize on-line monitoring of the dioxin content in emissions due to the lack of appropriate instrumentation and analytical support in world practice, which significantly increases the risks of uncontrolled environmental pollution with these superecotoxicants. Technological, ecoanalytical and organizational approaches that reduce the level of dioxin hazard in the processing, disposal and neutralization of industrial and household waste are considered

Ninety years of history and prospects of the department of biochemistry

The article discusses the stages of development and achievement of the educational, methodological and scientific work of the Department of Biochemistry of Ural State Medical University, the composition of the team in different years, development prospects.В статье обсуждаются этапы развития и достижения учебной, методической и научной работы кафедры биохимии УГМУ, состав коллектива в разные годы, перспективы развития

Effect of use of water, supersaturated with air, to reduce the severity of the cvonsequence of laboratory animals oxidative stress. II. The hypoglycemic action of artesian water with gas nanobubble phase studied on lab rats in conditions of hypercaloric diet and experimental diabet

The influence of water with gas nanobubbles on the condition and biochemical parameters of blood of rats in conditions of hypercaloric diet and experimental diabetes was studied. The beneficial effect of water with gas nanobubbles on rats in conditions of a reduced-calorie diet and streptozocin and experimental alloxan diabetes is observed. In rats, which were on an unbalanced diet, including excess fat and carbohydrates, the use of water with nanobubbles maintains a balance in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin, helps to reduce the weight and amount of cholesterol in the serum. In rats with experimental diabetes, the intake of treated water by rats, in the absence of hypoglycemic therapy, leads to a decrease in glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. The effect of water intake is more pronounced in rats with alloxan diabetes. The action of the gas nanobubbles similarly the action of drugs-antioxidants.Исследовано влияние воды с газовыми нанопузырьками на состояние и биохимические показатели крови крыс в условиях гиперкалорийной диеты и экспериментального диабета. Наблюдается благоприятное действие воды с нанопузырьками на крыс в условиях гиперкалорийной диеты и с экспериментальным аллоксановым и стрептозоциновым диабетом. У крыс, находящихся на несбалансированном рационе питания, включающем избыток жиров и углеводов, употребление воды с нанопузырьковой фазой сохраняет баланс в отношении показателей гликозилированного гемоглобина, способствует снижению веса и количества холестерина в сыворотке. У животных с экспериментальным диабетом прием обработанной воды в отсутствие сахароснижающей терапии приводит к понижению уровней глюкозы и гликозилированного гемоглобина. Эффект от приема воды в большей степени проявляется на крысах с аллоксановым диабетом. Действие газовых нанопузырьков подобно действию препаратов-антиоксидантов

Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Gas Boilers by Express Method of Multi-criteria Assessment

The object of the research is a method of Fast analysis of multi-criteria evaluation on the example of comparing the efficiency of domestic gas WHGA-type boilers. Currently, the Ukrainian market offers a large number of gas boilers of Ukrainian and foreign manufacturing plants, which has minor differences. This is primarily due to the simplicity of the constructive solution of gas boilers of this model and using the same Italian burner devices and automation units for them.Comparing the efficiencyof this type of product is a big problem. Existing methods of calculating efficiencyindicators and existing regulatory documents do not always give a correct value of product quality. Therefore this paper proposes a new method of express analysis of efficiency comparison, which allows in a short time to make a correct comparison of the efficiencyof boiler equipment without using a large number of calculations that require a lot of time. This problem is solved by choosing three anchor efficiency criteria, namely, energy, environmental and economic, with the subsequent determination of the confidence intervals of each of the indicators and the construction of a three-criterion diagram on their basis. This method allows to visually see the disadvantages and advantages of each of the boilers, plan measures for their modernization and determine their rating.In the course of the research, materials from a technical report of warm-heat tests of seven gas boilers using the standard technique were used. The analysis of the results was performed using the sum method followed by ranking of affects and subsequent verification of the proposed quick method of comparison of effectiveness. The obtained qualitative result allows to conclude that the proposed express method in more detail and correctly than other known methods of analysis determines the rating position of each boiler. This allows a potential investor to draw the right conclusion when replacing and purchasing new boiler equipment. Using the method of express analysis allows manufacturers of boiler equipment to conduct a real assessment of product quality and identify ways to overcome its shortcomings

Neonatal cardiovascular system adaptation in babies with intrauterine growth retardation

Objective: to reveal the adaptive features of the cardiovascular system in newborn infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on the basis of a clinical instrumental study.Subjects and methods. A study group included 100 newborn infants with IUGR; a control group consisted of 40 babies with normal anthropometric measurements at birth. Medical history and clinical data and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were analyzed.Results. All the examinees with IUGR had manifestations of cardiovascular system dysadaptation. There was a high rate of electrocardiographic changes, such as cardiac arrhythmias; low voltage; systolic overload of the right heart and left ventricle; signs of ventricular hypertrophy; and transient myocardial ischemia. The specific features of cardiac hemodynamics were decreased sizes of the left ventricle, lower parameters of its systolic function, and longer functioning of fetal communications.Conclusion. IUGR is associated with the development of cardiovascular system dysadaptation syndrome, which is due to prior perinatal hypoxia. The findings necessitate a follow-up of children by involving a cardiologist

Industrial-Technical Complexes for the Processing, Disposal and Neutralization of Waste of Hazard Classes I-II: Environmental Problems and Ways to Solve Them

Рассмотрены вопросы влияния на окружающую среду реализации технологических решений, предлагаемых для использования на производственно-технических комплексах по обработке, утилизации и обезвреживанию отходов I-II классов опасности. Описаны основные факторы экологических рисков физико-химической обработки и высокотемпературного обезвреживания промышленных отходов, даны оценки эффективности систем химико-аналитического контроля загрязняющих веществ в предполагаемых выбросах на данных производственных объектах. Предложены подходы, направленные на повышение экологической безопасности функционирования производственно-технических комплексов по обработке, утилизации и обезвреживанию промышленных отходов.The issues of the impact on the environment of the implementation of technological solutions proposed for use in industrial-technical complexes for the processing, disposal and neutralization of waste of hazard classes I-II are considered. The main factors of environmental risks of physico-chemical treatment and high-temperature neutralization of industrial waste are described, estimates of the effectiveness of systems of chemical-analytical control of pollutants in the expected emissions at these production facilities are given. The approaches aimed at improving the environmental safety of the functioning of industrial-technical complexes for the processing, disposal and neutralization of industrial waste are proposed