New aquaculture species. Entering the whitefish market

,Aquaculture; whitefish; pangasius; tilapia

Utilizing Distributed Multimedia Plays for Networked Virtual Shopping

This thesis studies the market of e-commerce and a futuristic solution to shopping by utilizing the Distributed Multimedia Plays network architecture and its Collaboration Space, which provides users with a near natural virtual reality.Several scenarios have been defined for a future virtual store exploiting the possibilities of DMP. One scenario was chosen for further development resulting in a proposed solution. A business model was developed for the solution using the Osterwalder business model ontology. A financial analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential for the solution and its business model. Through studies on e-commerce and DMP it is certain that there exist potential for a service such as a virtual store utilizing the technology of DMP and ideas of Real-time Internet. However, some changes to the solution and its pricing strategy may be necessary to ensure a more profitable solution

The Effect of Low Temperatures on Energy Dissipation in Accidental Collisions on Marine Structures

The effect of low temperatures on impacts between ships and icebergs have been investigated. A material model developed by Woongshik Nam has been used for modelling the effect of brittle fracture. To test the model, an experimental study done by Kim et al (2016) has been replicated in Abaqus. After the impact study was replicated, an impact between the fore part of a DNVGL ICE-1A classed vessel and a circular ice body was simulated. As no material model for ice was found for Abaqus, the ice body was modelled as a rigid disc with a diameter of 10 meter and a thickness of 1.2 meter. The ship model was supplied by Suyu Wang and the Nam (2017) material model was used for the steel. The impact was simulated at a range of different temperatures, ranging from room temperature to -100°C. For the impact, the ice body was given an initial velocity of 0.5 m/s and had a mass of 1000 tonnes. Each simulation was run for 0.5 s. The Kim et al (2016) study was an impact test of two panels, one stiffened and one unstiffened. These panels were impacted by a striker at two temperatures, room temperature and -60\degree C. In Abaqus the experiments were modelled with FEM by using both normal material parameters and the material code supplied by Woongshik Nam. The analysis showed that the Nam material model gave good results for the stiffened panel, compared to both the normal material and the experimental results. For the unstiffened panel, it was discovered that the bending stiffness of the two material codes was different. However, as the ship side is stiffened in both longitudinal and transverse direction, this should not influence the result. The studies of the ship side showed a correlation between the temperature and the damage of the ship. As temperatures lowered, the damage of the ship side became more severe. With lower temperature, the collision energy was dissipated slower by the ship side. At the lowest temperature, -100°C, only 38\% of the total energy had been absorbed by the end of the simulation and the ship side had severe damage. The failure criteria for temperatures between -60°C and -100°C has been interpolated from predefined failure criteria at -60° C, -100°C and -140°C. This leads to some uncertainties regarding the results at the intermediate temperatures. Some problems have been found with the ship side model. Two areas of the model have areas where elements from stiffener and bulkheads overlap, which creates some artificial stresses. In addition, some stress hot spots are created by the mesh. However, these areas are not close to the impact zone, and is not believed to have effected the results. Overall, the results from the analysis displays the dangers of low temperatures in accidental impacts. The effect of the embrittlement of steel is reflected in the analysis, and should be taken into account when designing vessels for Arctic environments. However, further studies of the topic are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn

On the Meteoric Smoke Particle Detector SPID: Measurements and analysis from the G-chaser rocket campaign

The Smoke Particle Impact Detector (SPID), newly designed at the University of Tromsø, was launched from Andøya 09:13 UTC the 13. January 2019. SPID is designed to detect meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) in winter mesospheric conditions. The rocket had a velocity of 1600 ms-1 at ~55 km where the nosecone was separated. At ~ 60km, SPID detected a signal of 17nA on the middle plate. The dynamics of the particles entering the detector was investigated taking into account the drag of the neutral airflow as well as the electric field generated by the bias voltages of the detector. These conditions were applied to a model of the size and charge of mesospheric dust in the range of radii 0.5 to 8 nm. For this model of the meteoric dust we find that 97 percent of particles that the rocket encounters would reach the middle plate and that 30 percent of the particles would hit the middle plate directly at 60 km. Estimations of dust densities that could explain the measured current vary between 10^10 and 101^3 per m^-3. The density of positive ions is close to that of MSPs, and so it is also possible that the measured current, or a fraction of it, is caused by ions. A secondary goal of the campaign was to investigate the relation between MSPs and the winter radar echoes called Polar Mesospheric Winter Echoes(PMWE). For this, the background atmospheric conditions were monitored with the radar systems MAARSY (53.5 MHz) and EISCAT (224 MHz). The EISCAT measured incoherent scatter which showed weak precipitation above 85 km. MAARSY did not observe PMWE activity during the launch, but on the days prior and after launch. Because it is a prerequisite to observe PMWE that the electron density is sufficiently high, we cannot draw any conclusions on the link between PMWE and MSP from the presented observations. The spectral analysis of the measured current shows strong rotational effects at higher altitudes. The Power spectrum follows the Kolmogorov slope of k^-5/3 into the Bragg scale of MAARSY, suggesting turbulent conditions influence the current. Because the resolution of the SPID is close to the Bragg scales of MAARSY, no clear conclusion could be made for the Bragg scale turbulence conditions

New aquaculture species: Market incentives and barriers for growth

During the last decade, several new aquaculture species like tilapia and pangasius has appeared in significant quantities, and growth for more traditional species like shrimp and salmon continues at high rates. This has led to and will continue to lead to significant changes in the world's seafood markets. As this process unfolds, there are number of interesting issues with respect to which market is served and where a species is successful. For instance, at first glance there seems no reason why tilapia should be very successful in the USA but not in Europe, while it is the other way around for pangasius. In this presentation we will give an overview of the situation for farmed finfish species today. This includes salmon, trout, seabass, seabream, pangasius, catfish, tilapia and Nile perch. Several other species are being farmed in smaller scales like cod, grouper, kobia and halibut, species that are not commercially interesting at this point but that have a significant potential. The new species will however most likely meet the same challenges as some of the other farmed species. We will investigate similarities and differences in how the species are being introduced and sold in different markets. In particular, while the buyers always are interested in good products at competitive prices, the established producers rarely welcome competing products. Sometimes this only result in tougher competition in the market, while there has also been a number of trade conflicts and restrictions on market access

Simulations of the collection of mesospheric dust particles with a rocket instrument

We investigate the collection of dust particles in the mesosphere with the MESS (MEteoric Smoke Sampler) instrument that is designed to fly on a sounding rocket. We assume that the ice particles that form in the polar mesosphere between 80 and 85 km altitude in summer contain meteoric smoke particles; and these should be collected with MESS. The instrument consists of a collection device with an opening and closure mechanism, as well as an attached conic funnel which increases the sampling area in comparison to the collection area. Dust particles are collected either directly after passing through the instrument or indirectly after colliding with and fragmenting on the funnel wall. We calculate the dust and fragment trajectories in the detector to determine the collection efficiency for different particle sizes, rocket velocities, and heights, and we find the final velocities and the temperatures of the particles. The considered design has a sampling area of 62.78 mm diameter and a collection area of 20 mm diameter. For the conditions at the rocket launch site in Andøya, Norway, we estimate the collection of meteoric smoke particles contained in the ice particles to be ∼ 1012–1014 amu mm−2. The estimated temperatures suggest that the composition of these smoke particles is not affected by the collection. Our calculations also show that keeping the instrument open above 85 km altitude increases the amount of small smoke particles that are directly collected. The directly collected smoke particles are heated as they decelerate, which can affect their composition.</p

Folkehelsearbeid i sykepleierutdanningen – utvikling av et undervisningsopplegg

Helsefremmende og forebyggende virksomhet er sentrale strategier i folkehelsearbeid, og er en viktig del i grunnutdanningen av sykepleiere. Denne rapporten er en beskrivelse av et utviklingsarbeid som er gjort over en to-års periode ved Høgskolen i Hedmark, avdeling for helse- og sosialfag. Utviklingsarbeidet har bestått i å utarbeide deler av en ny fagplan og gjennomføre ny undervisningsplan. En evaluering ble utført ved hjelp av spørreskjema til studenter og praksisfeltet. Resultatet viser at studentene mener at prosjektet er lærerikt og engasjerende. De mener at de bruker egne ressurser og kunnskaper i prosjektet. Praksisstedene er i hovedsak fornøyde med prosjektet som metode for studentens læring i folkehelsearbeid. Både fra studenter og praksis kom det fram at prosjektet hadde startvansker med hensyn til informasjon og samarbeid partene i mellom. Prosjektgjennomføringen ble endret i henhold til evalueringen. Erfaringer fra gjennomføringen året etter viste at samarbeidet fungerte bedre.English: Health promotion and preventive function are central strategies in public health, and are an important part of the baccalaureate level of the nursing education program. This report describes the development of a curriculum over a two year period at the Hedmark University College, Faculty of Health Studies. The development work consisted of making a new curriculum and to perform an evaluation of the project. Data were collected from students and preceptors in the clinical field, by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the students experienced a meaningful learning process by participating in the project. The clinical field expressed that the learning methods used in the project made the students learn about public health in a good manner. Information and cooperation between the nursing school and the clinical field is important to succeed in further projects

Velocity of magnetic holes in the solar wind from Cluster multipoint measurements

We present the first statistical study on the velocity of magnetic holes (MHs) in the solar wind. Magnetic holes are localized depressions of the magnetic field, often divided into two classes: rotational and linear MHs. We have conducted a timing analysis of observations of MHs from the Cluster mission in the first quarter of 2005. In total, 69 events were used; out of these, there were 40 linear and 29 rotational MHs, where the limit of magnetic field rotation was set to 50∘. The resulting median velocity was 7.4 ± 45 and 25 ± 42 km s−1 for linear and rotational MHs, respectively. For both classes, around 70 % of the events had a velocity in the solar wind frame that was lower than the Alfvén velocity. Therefore, we conclude that within the observational uncertainties, both linear and rotational MHs are convected with the solar wind.</p

Kartlegging av astmaundervisning til barn og foreldre i barneavdelinger mellom 2004, 2006 og 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate the organization of asthma education for children and parents in children’s wards in Norway over a ten-year period and how Ane and Bronky teaching material has been implemented. A prospective cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted in 28, 22 and 29 children’s wards in 2004, 2006 and 2014. The response rate varied between 86 percent and 97 percent. Statistical analysis by means of Fisher’s exact test was used. The findings revealed that organized asthma education for children increased between 2004 and 2006, while it decreased in 2014. Dialogue and demonstration were common teaching methods. User participation in teaching sessions increased between 2004 and 2006. Only half of the wards reported that asthma education was the responsibility of management to a large/very large extent. This presents future challenges in establishing, prioritizing and ensuring stability in health education for children and their families.publishedVersio

How can we support children, adolescents and young adults in managing chronic health challenges? A scoping review on the effects of patient education interventions

Objectives This scoping review aims to give a comprehensive and systematic overview of published evaluations and the potential impact of patient education interventions for children, adolescents and young adults who are living with chronic illness and/or impairment loss. Methods Relevant literature published between 2008 and 2018 has been comprehensively reviewed, with attention paid to variations in study, intervention and patient characteristics. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping studies guided the review process, and thematic analysis was undertaken to synthesize extracted data. Results Of the 7214 titles identified, 69 studies were included in this scoping review. Participant‐reported benefits of the interventions included less distress from symptoms, improved medical adherence and/or less use of medication, and improved knowledge. The majority of studies measuring physical activity and/or physiologic outcomes found beneficial effects. Interventions were also beneficial in terms of decreased use of urgent health care, hospitalization, visits to general practitioner and absence from school. By sharing experiences, participants had learned from each other and attained new insight on how they could manage illness‐related challenges. Discussion Study results corroborate previous research suggesting that different types of patient education interventions have a positive impact on children, adolescents and young adults, but research on this field is still in a starting phase. The results summed up in the current review supports the utility of patient education interventions that employ behavioural strategies tailored to the developmental needs of children, adolescents and young adults with different cultural backgrounds.publishedVersionsubmittedVersio