Managerial Competences in the Implementation of the Hofstede Model in External and Internal Recruitment

Hofstede's cultural dimensions model is a very useful tool in the process of recruitment. However, this paper will argue that it is more useful in external than internal recruitment. Sometimes, particular managerial competences are very rare and cannot be judged by cultural categories. This will be demonstrated in this paper through the use of qualitative methods and case studies of Benetton and TescoModel Hostede jest bardzo przydatnym narzędziem w procesie rekrutacji. Jednakże w tym artykule będziemy starali się udowodnić, że jest bardziej przydatny w zewnętrznej aniżeli wewnętrznej rekrutacji. Czasami poszczególne kompetencje menedżerskie są bardzo rzadkie i nie mogą być właściwie ocenione wyłącznie poprzez kryteria kulturowe. Aby tego dowieść zostanie przedstawiona analiza metodami jakościowymi case study Benettona i Tesc

Transfusions of packed red blood cells in the pathology of newborn

Sick newborns are at present the largest group of patients receiving blood products. Therefore packed red blood cells transfusion is one of the most common procedures performed in Intensive Care Units. However, in order to avoid unnecessary risk, and thus reduce the rate of adverse invents after transfusion, which are particularly common in this group of patients, there is a need to develop proper standards of administration. The aim of this study is to review the current scientific literature on transfusion of packed blood cells in different medical situations in neonates

Diabetic ketoacidosis without hyperglycemia as a complication of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment

SGLT2 inhibitors (gliflozins) are a new group of hypoglycemicdrugs which have been available on the marketfor the past four years. They inhibit the reabsorptionof glucose in the proximal renal tubules, reducethe renal glucose threshold and increase glycosuria,thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Clinical recommendationsof the Polish Diabetes Association mentionthe possibility of using gliflozins both as monotherapyin patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as in combinationwith other hypoglycemic drugs, including insulin.Databases of adverse events of SGLT2 inhibitors indicatean increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis withoutsignificant hyperglycemia. An unusual course of thisform of acidosis makes the complication difficult todiagnose. This paper describes a possible pathogenicprocess of ketoacidosis without hyperglycemia. Thefact that this complication was observed mainly inpatients with prolonged type 2 diabetes (including patientstreated with insulin) and in patients with type 1diabetes who used the drug “off-label”, implies thatinsulin deficiency may be a pathogenic factor in thisdisorder. Another important factor was insufficientcarbohydrate intake associated with reduced foodconsumption due to illness or accompanying disorders.At the same time, in most cases, a decrease in insulindose stemming from low blood glucose levels wasobserved. The study highlighted the precautions andprevention methods for ketoacidosis without hyperglycemiain patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, aswell as proper and rapid diagnosis of this complication

The role of selected mechanisms of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes

Understanding the important role of the non-specific immune response in protecting the body against the development of numerous diseases has become partially possible after the discovery of several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as Toll-like or NOD-like receptors. A group of cytoplasmic proteins called the inflammasome, which detect PAMP and DAMP through the PRR receptors, is able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and trigger an acute inflammatory reaction both in the extracellular and intracellular space. Low-grade systemic and local inflammation contributes to the development and progression of various conditions, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, which until recently were not even considered inflammatory diseases. This review will discuss the role of innate immunity in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, focusing on the role of specific innate immunity receptors and insulin resistance involved in these diseases pathogenesis

Genetic factors in systemic sclerosis

A number of genetic loci have been identified that appear to be associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). There is mounting evidence suggesting that these genetic associations may in fact be associated with distinct phenotypes in SSc based on autoantibody pattern rather than with SSc as a single disease entity. This may ultimately have implications for approaches to therapy as well as responses to therapy. The most promising candidate genes are those involved in pathways that lead to the vascular damage and fibrosis that are the hallmarks of this disease. There is uncertainty, however, regarding the nature of the key pathological mechanisms that link these two disease processes. Recent studies have focused on Fli1 (friend leukaemia integration 1), a transcription factor that is found in immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells that regulates collagen gene function and angiogenesis. Fli1 is dysregulated in SSc skin and dermal blood vessels, and appears to play a pathological role in SSc skin fibrosis and vessel degeneration. Whether this dysregulation is due to genetic polymorphisms in the Fli1 pathway or to epigenetic mechanisms is not clear

Autocrine Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Regulates Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation via Modulation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Expression in Scleroderma Fibroblasts

BACKGROUND. During scleroderma (SSc) pathogenesis, fibroblasts acquire an activated phenotype characterized by enhanced production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and constitutive activation of several major signaling pathways including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2). Several studies have addressed the role of ERK1/2 in SSc fibrosis however the mechanism of its prolonged activation in SSc fibroblasts is still unknown. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a key serine threonine phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of a wide array of signaling molecules. Recently published microarray data from cultured SSc fibroblasts suggests that the catalytic subunit (C-subunit) of PP2A is downregulated in SSc. In this study we examined the role and regulation of PP2A in SSc fibroblasts in the context of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and matrix production. RESULTS. We show for the first time that PP2A mRNA and protein expression are significantly reduced in SSc fibroblasts and correlate with an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and collagen expression. Furthermore, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), a major profibrotic cytokine implicated in SSc fibrosis, downregulates PP2A expression in healthy fibroblasts. PP2A-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was utilized to confirm the role of PP2A in ERK1/2 dephosphorylation in dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, blockade of autocrine TGFβ signaling in SSc fibroblasts using soluble recombinant TGFβ receptor II (SRII) restored PP2A levels and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and collagen expression. In addition, we observed that inhibition of ERK1/2 in SSc fibroblasts increased PP2A expression suggesting that ERK1/2 phosphorylation also contributes to maintaining low levels of PP2A, leading to an even further amplification of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS. Taken together, these studies suggest that decreased PP2A levels in SSc is a result of constitutively activated autocrine TGFβ signaling and could contribute to enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and matrix production in SSc fibroblasts.National Institutes of Health (AR-44883

Vaccination for children- when parents doubts are a challenge for doctors

Most doctors strongly believe that vaccinations are one of the greatest goods in medicine. Obviously, vaccination is a procedure which, results like no other in a decrease in mortality. Vaccinations have significantly reduced the incidence of the infectious disease and even some of them, such as smallpox and polio, have been almost completely eliminated. The widespread implementation of vaccinations considerably improved the individual’s health, regardless of gender and age. A question arises why every year a growing number of parents is choosing not to vaccinate their children, despite the obvious benefits from the procedure

Knowledge of young women concerning the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby

Introduction Proper nutrition in childhood has a huge significance for the optimal physical and psychical growth and good state of health of a baby. Natural feeding is admittedly the healthiest method of feeding infants. In spite of increased knowledge about the short and long-term benefits of feeding babies with human milk, the percentage of infants nourished only by breastfeeding is still too low. Knowledge about the health benefits of breast milk should be spread among young women. Objective The aim of the study was to attempt to discover how much knowledge young women have about the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby, as well as estimating the need for education in this area. Material and Methods Questionnaire study conducted in 2013 among 155 young women (average age 25.43±5.98 years) in Poland and in Belgium. Results Own studies show that natural feeding still needs promotion and support. Knowledge about this among respondents varied and was incomplete. Often, they did not know all the benefits of natural feeding. The majority of respondents were aware that breastfeeding influenced the growth and health of the baby, but they did not have full knowledge about it. The respondents also did not have sufficient knowledge about the advantages of natural feeding in subsequent adult life. Only a small percentage of respondents (15%) had good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. A higher level of knowledge occurred among women living in Poland who were older, better educated, lived in cities, and had breastfed earlier. Conclusions A quite varied and not too high level of knowledge among young women about the benefits of natural feeding was observed, which points to the necessity of intensification of educational activities among them in this are