För att göra en lång historia kort-to make a long story short: The translation into English of Swedish idioms in Monika Fagerholm’s novel Underbara kvinnor vid vatten

Avhandlingen undersöker hur idiomen i Monika Fagerholms roman Underbara kvinnor vid vatten har blivit översatta i den engelska översättningen Wonderful women by the water av Joan Tate. Har de blivit anpassade till den engelskspråkiga läsaren och hans kultur eller har de bevarats i sin form och t.ex. blivit översatta ord för ord? Baserat på L. Venutis utsaga att de flesta översättningar till engelska har blivit anpassade till den engelska målgruppen och den engelska kulturen är min hypotes att idiomen i Underbara kvinnor vid vatten också har blivit anpassade till målgruppen. Idiomen har blivit översatta på det sätt att läsarna av översättningen kan relatera till idiomen, känna igen dem eller så har de översatts med ett normaluttryck i engelskan. M. Tymoczkos teori om metonymi har också använts i analysen av idiomen i avhandlingen. Metonymi är ett slags bildligt uttryck där en del står för en helhet, eller en helhet står för en del. T.ex. ordet England står inte bara för landet utan också för Englands nationella fotbollslag. Tymoczko har anpassat metonymi till översättning så att metonymi innebär att vissa av översättaren utvalda element i översättningen representerar en hel kultur eller ett helt språk. I denna avhandling har metonymin använts genom att undersöka vilka idiom som har valts ut att representera Finland, finlandssvenskan och den finlandssvenska kulturen. Förutom att metonymi används genom att vissa koncept representerar en hel kultur, är också alla skrivna verk enligt Tymoczko metonymiska, i det att de bygger på tidigare verk. Översättningar bygger på originaltexter och originaltexter i sin tur bygger på verk som blivit skrivna tidigare och/eller vid samma tid som originalet. Resultaten visade att de flesta idiom hade översatts med sådana översättnings strategier som anpassade dem till målgruppen. Hypotesen visade sig alltså vara korrekt. Det fanns ett antal idiom i materialet som ansågs vara metonymiska element. Vissa av dem representerar Finland på det sätt att de anknyter till havet och stranden. Finland är ett kustland och dessa idiom har kan ha bibehållits i sin form och översatts ord för ord av symboliska skäl. De representerar de tusen sjöarnas land och finlandssvenskan. Andra metonymiska idiom är representanter av finlandssvenskan.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Mobilizing Practitioner Action Research to Foster Critical Pedagogy in a Large Online Undergrad University Course

This article reports aspects of a practitioner action research project conducted by the teachers of a large online English grammar course. The project was mobilized to create possibilities for developing online critical pedagogy. The online educators involved in this inquiry took measures to modify the syllabus they were working with in response to moments of dissonance while they were trying to comprehend students’ online identities as valuable resources to enrich the process of teaching and learning. The preliminary outcomes of the project, which is still in progress, suggest that critical pedagogy would be more accurately conceptualized by complexifying the traditional notions of (a) literacy as a sociocultural and political phenomenon, (b) power relations, (c) student identity, and (d) transformation. Imagining how digital technology can multiply instances of the above notions through online posting, reposting, linking, sharing, networking, collaging and multimodality will clear the way for the emergence of different forms of online critical pedagogy

Sin Stock Returns on European Markets

In this paper I study the returns of sin stocks on European markets. The sin stocks here include alcohol, tobacco, gambling and defence industries. Nowadays, the increasing awareness of health issues caused by sin products has influenced the investors' behaviour, which may have sizeable price effects of these stocks. I find evidence, that a portfolio long sin stock earns both financially and statistically significant abnormal returns over the market return. I also match the sin industries with their virtuous comparables. I run the most important time-series regression analyses with both sin and comparable industries to examine more accurately effects of societal norms on stock returns. I further hypothesize the sin stocks to be undervalued. I study that with two value factors; market-to-book and price-to-earnings ratios. I find some contradictory evidence about the undervaluation theory, but the recent trend supports the theory about deeper undervaluation. The undervaluation may be due to the lack of arbitrageurs, such as institutional investors, who have to rule out sin stocks because of societal norms. Thus, I study the effects between the amount of money invested in socially responsible investment funds and the returns of sin stocks. Additionally, I study some other sin stock characteristics. By examining the single-factor CAPM betas, I find that the sin stocks are relatively stable against the market fluctuations. Furthermore, I find that they are fairly resistant against recessions and recover quickly from sinking markets

Differences in social responsibility toward youth - A case study based comparison of cooperatives and corporations

This study examines companies' responsibility for young people from the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) point of view. We compare cooperatives with listed companies in regard to responsibility for young people. Much research has been carried out about CSR, but comparative studies about the CSR programs of listed companies and cooperatives concerning young generation are lacking. In addition, CSR studies rarely discuss the relationship between an organization and the young generation. The theoretical framework consists of literature of CSR including stakeholder theory and cooperative values and principles. The study uses qualitative comparative case study design. We examined why, how and to what extent listed companies and customer- owned cooperatives take responsibility for young people as well as how can companies' youth responsibility be seen in their CSR strategy and stakeholder discussions. The major research focus is: Are there differences in the companies' responsibility actions due to different ownership and stakeholder structures? The findings indicate that cooperatives engage more in youth collaboration than listed companies do. The main reasons for this are the cooperatives' local ownership and stakeholder structure and value-based operations. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p

Data on biosynthesis of BPAF glucuronide, enzyme kinetics of BPAF glucuronidation, and molecular modeling

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is in the body mainly metabolized to the corresponding bisphenol AF glucuronide (BPAF-G). While BPAF-G is not commercially available, enzyme-assisted synthesis of BPAF-G using the human recombinant enzyme UGT2A1, purification of BPAF-G by solid phase extraction and semi-preparative HPLC and chemical characterization of BPAF-G by NMR and LC-MS/MS were performed and are described here. Furthermore, BPAF glucuronidation kinetics with the UGT enzymes that showed the highest glucuronidation activity in previous studies (i.e hepatic UGTs 1A3, 2B7, and 2B17, intestinal UGT 1A10 and UGT 2A1 that is present in airways) was performed and data is presented. Hepatic enzymes exhibited high affinities toward BPAF, while extrahepatic UGTs 2A1 and 1A10 showed the high v(max), values (3.3 and 3.0 nmol/min/mg, respectively). To understand molecular interactions of BPA, BPAF and BPAF-G with ligand biding sites of several nuclear receptors, molecular modeling was performed and data on the binding modes of BPAF, BPA, and BPAF-G in the ligand-binding sites of nuclear receptors are presented. This article is related to "Endocrine activities and adipogenic effects of bisphenol AF and its main metabolite" (Skledar et al., 2019). (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe

What turns the taxman on? Audit opinion and tax return adjustments in a voluntary audit environment

Using a large proprietary data set obtained from the Finnish Tax Administration, we examine the factors that trigger adjustments by the tax authority to the taxable income reported by around 25,000 small private companies in their tax returns. After controlling for tax aggressiveness and other relevant factors, we find that having a voluntary audit with an unqualified audit opinion decreases the likelihood of the tax authority not accepting taxable income as reported. At the same time, it moderates the otherwise significant positive effect of tax aggressiveness on the likelihood of tax authority making adjustments

Values of Entrepreneurship Education in EU-countries

The main aim of our research study was to find out the most important issues around which entrepreneurship education (EE) in EU-countries should be constructed. That way we are able to propose some values of EE. The quantitative survey data (N 124) were collected in 16 EU-countries in December 2010-April 2011 through an internet-based questionnaire of important issues of EE. As a result of the survey we created a list of 12 values of EE. This research will lead to further development of the EE and its evaluation, because evaluation should be based on values