Learner-centred Accessibility for Interoperable Web-based Educational Systems

This paper describes the need for an information model and specifications that support a new strategy for delivering accessible computer-based resources to learners based on their specific needs and preferences in the circumstances in which they are operating. The strategy augments the universal accessibility of resources model to enable systems to focus on individual learners and their particular accessibility needs and preferences. A set of specifications known as the AccessForAll specifications is proposed

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight

Many species travel in highly organized groups. The most quoted function of these configurations is to reduce energy expenditure and enhance locomotor performance of individuals in the assemblage. The distinctive V formation of bird flocks has long intrigued researchers and continues to attract both scientific and popular attention. The well-held belief is that such aggregations give an energetic benefit for those birds that are flying behind and to one side of another bird through using the regions of upwash generated by the wings of the preceding bird4,7,9,10,11, although a definitive account of the aerodynamic implications of these formations has remained elusive. Here we show that individuals of northern bald ibises (Geronticus eremita) flying in a V flock position themselves in aerodynamically optimum positions, in that they agree with theoretical aerodynamic predictions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that birds show wingtip path coherence when flying in V positions, flapping spatially in phase and thus enabling upwash capture to be maximized throughout the entire flap cycle. In contrast, when birds fly immediately behind another bird—in a streamwise position—there is no wingtip path coherence; the wing-beats are in spatial anti-phase. This could potentially reduce the adverse effects of downwash for the following bird. These aerodynamic accomplishments were previously not thought possible for birds because of the complex flight dynamics and sensory feedback that would be required to perform such a feat. We conclude that the intricate mechanisms involved in V formation flight indicate awareness of the spatial wake structures of nearby flock-mates, and remarkable ability either to sense or predict it. We suggest that birds in V formation have phasing strategies to cope with the dynamic wakes produced by flapping wings

Influence of nitrogen form on the phytoextraction of cadmium by a newly discovered hyperaccumulator Carpobrotus rossii

Using hyperaccumulator plants is an important method to remove heavy metals from contaminated land. Carpobrotus rossii, a newly found Cd hyperaccumulator, has shown potential to remediate Cd-contaminated soils. This study examined the effect of nitrogen forms on Cd phytoextraction by C. rossii. The plants were grown for 78 days in an acid soil spiked with 20 mg Cd kg(-1) and supplied with (NH4)(2)SO4, Ca(NO3)(2), urea, and chicken manure as nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) was applied to maintain the ammonium (NH4+) form. Nitrogen fertilization increased shoot biomass but decreased root biomass with the highest shoot biomass occurring in the manure treatment. Compared to the no-N control, urea application did not affect shoot Cd concentration, but increased Cd content by 17 % due to shoot biomass increase. Chicken manure significantly decreased CaCl2-extractable Cd in soil, and the Cd concentration and total Cd uptake in the plant. Rhizosphere pH was the highest in the manure treatment and the lowest in the NH4+ treatments. The manure and nitrate (NO3-) treatments tended to have higher rhizosphere pH than their respective bulk soil pH, whereas the opposite was observed for urea and NH4+ treatments. Furthermore, the concentrations of extractable Cd in soil and Cd in the plant correlated negatively with rhizosphere pH. The study concludes that urea significantly enhanced the Cd phytoaccumulation by C. rossii while chicken manure decreased Cd availability in soil and thus the phytoextraction efficiency

"Belatedly, Asia's Literary Scene Comes of Age": Celebratory English Discourse and the Translation of Asian Literature

On 8 November 2007, the International Herald Tribune (IHT) triumphantly announced that “belatedly,†the Asian literary scene had “come of age.†There were two reasons for this belated success. The first was that an increasing number of literary works by Asian authors are now appearing in English or in English translations. The other was that major British and, especially, American publishing companies are now establishing branch companies in this region.     This paper will examine the discourse of the IHT article to suggest how celebratory English language constructs a particular view of literary success – success in terms of a dominant international English. This analysis will be framed within a wider context of Postcolonial Translation Studies

Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Causing Bilateral Oculomotor Nerve Palsy : A Case Report

A rare case of bilateral third cranial nerve palsy due to a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm is presented. A 68-yr-old woman was semicomatose with bilaterally fixed dilated pupil, abducted eyes, and ptosis. A computed tomography demonstrated extensive hemorrhage spreading around the both Sylvian and interhemisheric fissure without focal mass effect. Intracranial pressure via extraventricular drainage before surgery was 15-50 mmHg. Three months later, brain MRI showed infarction of left posterior cerebral artery territory and lacuna infarction of the pons. Eleven months after aneurysm repair, nerve palsy improved slowly and recovered partially. The patient communicated well with simple words. The author reviewed and discussed the possible mechanism of this rare neuro-ophthalmological manifestation in view of a false localizing sign

Bath

For centuries, the remains of the great Roman-British bathing and temple complex in the center of Bath have attracted the interest and imagination of countless visitors to the city. But there is more to the archaeology of Bath than its Roman monuments. Human settlement here has spanned ten millennia, dating back to the final retreat of the ice sheets from Britain at the close of the last Ice Age. Antiquarians, archaeologists and scholars have long been drawn not only to the Roman structures, but to the worked flint scattered on the hills and in the river silts around the town, the earthworks surviving on the surrounding uplands, and the great medieval Abbey that dominated the town from the 11th century. As a result, hundreds of recorded observations have been accumulated, stretching back to the 17th century, but augmented over the last century by increasing numbers of excavations, in many cases combined with meticulous research. This volume provides a collection and rigorous assessment of this accumulated information, much of which has to date been either unpublished or available only in obscure sources, and offers a synthesis of what this information tells us of Bath’s past.Part 1 comprises an overview of the area’s natural topography, a summary of antiquarian and early archaeological investigation, and a survey of the archaeological evidence available to us today. Part 2 collates the detailed archaeological evidence, summarizing earlier work, assessing the nature of the evidence, and setting out our informed understanding of Bath’s past. Lastly, Part 3 offers an overview of the current understanding of the archaeology of Bath, an assessment of the potential of the surviving deposits for providing new data, and suggestions for future research directions

Bath

For centuries, the remains of the great Roman-British bathing and temple complex in the center of Bath have attracted the interest and imagination of countless visitors to the city. But there is more to the archaeology of Bath than its Roman monuments. Human settlement here has spanned ten millennia, dating back to the final retreat of the ice sheets from Britain at the close of the last Ice Age. Antiquarians, archaeologists and scholars have long been drawn not only to the Roman structures, but to the worked flint scattered on the hills and in the river silts around the town, the earthworks surviving on the surrounding uplands, and the great medieval Abbey that dominated the town from the 11th century. As a result, hundreds of recorded observations have been accumulated, stretching back to the 17th century, but augmented over the last century by increasing numbers of excavations, in many cases combined with meticulous research. This volume provides a collection and rigorous assessment of this accumulated information, much of which has to date been either unpublished or available only in obscure sources, and offers a synthesis of what this information tells us of Bath’s past.Part 1 comprises an overview of the area’s natural topography, a summary of antiquarian and early archaeological investigation, and a survey of the archaeological evidence available to us today. Part 2 collates the detailed archaeological evidence, summarizing earlier work, assessing the nature of the evidence, and setting out our informed understanding of Bath’s past. Lastly, Part 3 offers an overview of the current understanding of the archaeology of Bath, an assessment of the potential of the surviving deposits for providing new data, and suggestions for future research directions

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN GANGGUAN REPRODUKSI PADA AKSEPTOR KB INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD) DENGAN POST MENORAGIA DI PUSKESMAS MERGANGSAN YOGYAKARTA

Latar Belakang: Data dari Puskesmas Mergangsan bulan Januari-Desember 2016 didapatkan data KB Intra Uterine Device (IUD) 95 akseptor dan sebanyak 11 orang (11,6%) yang mengalami gangguan reproduksi dengan menoragia. Penyebab menoragia adalah timbulnya perdarahan yang berlebihan saat terjadinya menstruasi (menoragia) dapat terjadi akibat beberapa hal, diantaranya adanya kelainan organic seperti infeksi saluran reproduksi, kelainan koagulasi, disfungsi organ, kelainan hormone endoktrin, kelainan anatomi rahim, dan iatrogenic. Efek samping dari menoragia adalah apabila terus berlanjut bisa menyebabkan anemia. Akibat anemia diantaranya adalah nafasnya menjadi lebih pendek, mudah lelah, sakit kepala, depresi, konsentrasi menurun. Tujuan: Memberikan dan melaksanakan langsung asuhan kebidanan gangguan reproduksi pada akseptor KB Intra Uterine Device (IUD) dengan post menoragia menggunakan manajemen 7 langkah Varney dan SOAP. Metode: Laporan studi kasus ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif. Observasi dilakukan pada satu orang akseptor KB Intra Uterine Device (IUD) dengan post menoragia di Puskesmas Mergangsan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer meliputi pemeriksaan fisik (inspeksi, palpasi, perkusi, auskultasi) , dan wawancara serta data sekunder meliputi hasil dokumentasi (rekam medis). Hasil: Setelah dilakukan asuhan pada Ny. A dengan frekuensi kunjungan 3 kali didapatkan hasil bahwa menoragia sudah sembuh, keadaan umum ibu baik, dan perdarahan berhenti. Kesimpulan: Dalam memberikan asuhan kebidanan pada kasus Ny. A akseptor KB Intra Uterine Device (IUD) dengan post menoragia penulis tidak menemukan adanya kesenjangan antara teori dengan kasus. Kata Kunci: Asuhan Kebidanan, Akseptor KB Intra Uterine Device (IUD), Menoragia

Multiple Centres: Thinking About Translation Relations Between the First and Third Worlds

In his landmark essay, “Translation and Cultural Hegemony,†Richard Jacquemond has asserted that “the global translation flux is predominantly North-North, while South-South translation is almost non-existent and North-South translation is unequal: cultural hegemony confirms, to a great extent, economic hegemony†(“Translation and Cultural Hegemony†139). Jacquemond’s conclusions in his essay have been simplified by Douglas Robinson in his Translation and Empire (31-32) as follows:A dominated culture will invariably translate far more of the hegemonic culture than the latter will of the former.When the hegemonic culture does translate works produced by the dominated culture, those works will be perceived and presented as difficult, mysterious, inscrutable, esoteric and in need of a small cadre of intellectuals to interpret them, while a dominated culture will translate a hegemonic culture’s works accessibly for the masses.A hegemonic culture will only translate those works by authors in a dominated culture that fit the former’s preconceived notions of the latter.Authors in a dominated culture who dream of reaching a large audience will tend to write for translation into a hegemonic language, and this will require some degree of compliance with stereotypes.The paper will use the figures provided in the UNESCO Index Translationum for translation in and from South and Southeast Asia to test these various hypotheses

Red earth song: Marai Kirtan of Rarh: Devotional singing and the performance of ecstasy in the Purulia District of Bengal, India.

Kirtan is devotional hymn singing, music and dance in praise of a deity usually performed by a group of devotees, as well as a literary tradition. Marai kirtan is a style of kirtan found in the rural area of West Bengal known as Rarh, particularly in the Purulia District (Manbhum) where the tradition exists in its most potent form of expression. It is performed inside the local temples by a variety of village based kirtan groups that are both egalitarian and competitive in nature. In Purulia, the term marai meaning "circular", but the inner meaning is "to grind", for "if you grind Hari nam, the name of god, like sugar cane in your heart, then it will also melt for god" (JM, 2006: Pers.comm.). Marai kirtan is considered the best way of worshipping god, of creating musical intensity and arousing devotion for god. It also has various utilitarian purposes such as the bringing of rain and auspiciousness to the village as well as a means of social protest. My research reveals that marai kirtan has a very distinctive performance structure consisting of various musical sections that generate musical/devotional intensity to reach a climax (katan matan). Elaborate melodic lines and complex rhythmic compositions are interwoven with improvisations and dance choreographies that produce ecstatic heights for prolonged periods with the use of only two words, Hari Bolo, highlighting the inherent creative musical dynamism within the marai kirtan performance. My methodology consists of ethnographic investigation built upon observation and interviews in the field, incorporating Rarhi terms and meanings, combined with an analysis of performances through a study of audio/visual recordings made on location. Due to the paucity of documentation on marai kirtan and lack of relevant literary material, my investigation concentrates on the collection of data at its source and a phenomenological perspective of the tradition. I have examined six different kirtan groups: the Brahmans, Mahatos, Rajwar, Karandhi villagers and the Vaisnavas with particular focus on the Mahato group from Kostuka village, whose lives have been transformed by marai kirtan