19 research outputs found
Domestic Violence against Women during the Covid-19: A Case Study of Bihar (India)
The Covid-19 pandemic revealed that the socioeconomic challenges in developing countries intersect within and beyond the dynamics of caste, class, space, and most importantly, gender. The recent outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic compelled the entire human population to survive on the brink of uncertainty. The subsequent lockdown witnessed an upsurge in domestic abuse cases across the globe, making us realize how the four walls of the familial space turned into a hotbed of the \u27shadow pandemic\u27 resulting from the socioeconomic disparities and individual frustration during difficult times. India also witnessed a sudden surge in domestic violence cases, often called a shadow pandemic. While some got reported, many went without being documented in any forum. In this regard, this research is a case study of Bihar (India), which encountered a higher rate of domestic violence during the pandemic than other states such as Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Himanchal Pradesh. This empirical study examines the economic, psychological, and social factors responsible for the surge in domestic abuse in Bihar during the Covid-19 pandemic
Data Mining approach to identify PFZ(Potential Fishing Zone) using Oceanographic Data
Oceanographic factors (biological, physical and chemical) and fishermanâs expertise are the two basic ways for determining potential fishing zones. There are many disadvantages with this approach when it comes to determining the exact potential fishing zones(PFZs) spatially and temporally.In our proposed framework, we have come up with a data mining approach for identifying PFZ in Indian ocean. We procured spatio -temporal images from Copernicus Online Data Access (CODA) and then extracted characteristics, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Chlorophyll(SSC) with the help of Sentinel Application Platform(SNAP).The results of this extraction method were used as Training data in the classification process, which was then used to PFZs. During the classification process, we utilized ensemble learning approach consists of different algorithms such as KNN, NaĂŻve-Bayes, KNN classifier-5, KNN-classifier-10, Support Vector Machine (SVM), logistic regression, decision tree. The result gave an average accuracy of 80%, which showed that the proposed framework can be used effectively to determine PFZs.To validate the framework, we followed the process of cross-validation with the labelled data. The results showed that the proposed data mining framework predicted the correct values
COVID-19 portal: Profiling researchers, bio-entities, and institutions
The outbreak of COVID-19 has a severe impact on our families, communities, and businesses. White House released the COVID19 literature dataset (called CORD-19 dataset) which has grown exponentially into a gigantic collection of over 500,000 articles. Researchers, practitioners, and administrators need a tool to help them digest this enormous amount of knowledge to address various scientific questions related to COVID-19. This paper showcases the COVID-19 portal to portray the research profiles of scientists, bio entities (e.g., gene, drug, disease), and institutions based on the integration of CORD-19 research literature, COVID-19 related clinical trials, PubMed knowledge graph, and the drug discovery knowledge graph. This portal provides the following profiles related to COVID-19: 1) the profile of a research scientist with his/her COVID-19 related publications and clinical trials which can be ranked by year or by the number of tweets; 2) the profile of a bio entity which could be a gene, a drug, or a disease with articles and clinical trials mentioned this bio entity; and 3) the profile of an institution with papers authored by researchers from this institution
An Innovative Approach for the Detection of High Boiler Adulterants in Sandalwood and Cedarwood Essential Oils
Owing to the important uses of essential oils, its adulteration is a serious issue of concern. Among the adulterants, the high volatiles can be detected through GC and GC/MS. However, the detection of subtle high boiler adulterants is extremely difficult, and requires development of novel techniques to overcome the challenges faced by the essential oil industry. In current study, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was validated as an innovative approach for quantitative estimation of adulteration in essential oils taking sandalwood and cedarwood oils as case study. The lowâcost vegetable oils like castor oil, coconut oil, and synthetic polymer like polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) were used as high boiler adulterants. The physical parameters like specific gravity and refractive index of pure and adulterated oil samples were analyzed followed by their TGA analysis. The physical parameters of adulterated samples did not show significant variation from that of pure essential oils, thus need alternate analytical techniques to overcome this issue. The TGA of pure essential oil was volatized in singleâstage around 200â260â, whereas the high boiler adulterants such as vegetable oils and synthetic PEG-400 majorly volatized in the range 300â500â and 260â400â, respectively. The adulterated samples exhibited mostly two-stage weight loss pattern, which was quantitatively estimated with high accuracy by this technique. Therefore, the TGA analysis can be used as a novel technique for rapid and precise detection of high boiler adulterants in essential oils like sandalwood and cedarwood due to difference in their volatile behaviour
An Innovative Approach for the Detection of High Boiler Adulterants in Sandalwood and Cedarwood Essential Oils
866-874Owing to the important uses of essential oils, its adulteration is a serious issue of concern. Among the adulterants, the high volatiles can be detected through GC and GC/MS. However, the detection of subtle high boiler adulterants is extremely difficult, and requires development of novel techniques to overcome the challenges faced by the essential oil industry. In current study, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was validated as an innovative approach for quantitative estimation of adulteration in essential oils taking sandalwood and cedarwood oils as case study. The lowâcost vegetable oils like castor oil, coconut oil, and synthetic polymer like polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) were used as high boiler adulterants. The physical parameters like specific gravity and refractive index of pure and adulterated oil samples were analyzed followed by their TGA analysis. The physical parameters of adulterated samples did not show significant variation from that of pure essential oils, thus need alternate analytical techniques to overcome this issue. The TGA of pure essential oil was volatized in singleâstage around 200â260â, whereas the high boiler adulterants such as vegetable oils and synthetic PEG-400 majorly volatized in the range 300â500â and 260â400â, respectively. The adulterated samples exhibited mostly two-stage weight loss pattern, which was quantitatively estimated with high accuracy by this technique. Therefore, the TGA analysis can be used as a novel technique for rapid and precise detection of high boiler adulterants in essential oils like sandalwood and cedarwood due to difference in their volatile behaviour
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990â2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016
CHARACTERIZATION OF BI-LAYERED TABLET FOR TREATING HEPATOTOXICITY CAUSED BY ANTITUBERCULAR DRUG FOR THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
The proposed study aimed at development and characterization of bi-layered tablet for treating hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drug for the effective management of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is first line antitubercular drug which acts via inhibiting InhA and KasA genes. Based on its solubility and log P values, drug was found to be hydrophilic in nature. Isoniazid is first line drug due to its high efficacy but major disadvantage associated with this drug is hepatotoxicity. Due to this drawback there are various chances to discontinue the therapy. Hence, to prevent this discontinuation silymarin, a herbal hepatoprotective drug can be used in combination with isoniazid.
Isoniazid was obtained as white, crystalline powder and its melting point was found to be in 161ÂșC-164Âș C range. It has maximum absorbance at 261nm and endothermic DSC peak at 163ÂșC. Based on solubility profile and log P value, amphiphilic nature of Silymarin was determined. Silymarin was obtained as solid powder with maximum absorbance at 288 nm The drug content of bilayer tablet was estimated by simultaneous estimation method. Bilayer tablet was prepared by using HPMC, Carbopol, and cyclodextrin in optimum concentration. Prepared bilayer tablet was optimized for in vitro drug release in altered media. Then the formulation with higher sustained release was selected for bilayer tablet formulation.
Bilayer tablet was characterized on the basis of different parameters such as hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content and in vitro drug release. Drug release kinetics of silymarin from bilayer tablet was found to be Hixson Crowell mechanism whereas INH followed Higuchi diffusion model.
Key words: hepatotoxicity, antitubercular , tuberculosis, Isoniazid, amphiphilic nature
Menopausal Symptoms in Premenopausal Women Among the Cohort of Gynecological Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Dhulikhel Hospital.
Introduction: Perimenopause is the time when ovaries gradually produce less estrogen. The menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women cause severe disturbance in the womenâs life. This study aimed to identify menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women. Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 243 women aged between 45 to 55 years. The categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentage. The associations between categorical variables were tested using Chi-square or Fisher exact test. Result: The total prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 91.8%. Physical symptoms were identified to be prevailing symptom(n=184, 75.7%) followed by psychological (n=167, 69.5%). There were 136 (55.5%) women experiencing poor memory and 148 (60.9%) women having genitourinary symptoms. Stress urinary incontinence (n=73, 30.04%) was predominant over urge (n=58, 23.8%), mixed (n=43, 17.6%) and prolapse (n=49, 20.1%) symptoms. Vasomotor symptoms were experienced by123 (50.6%). Excessive sweating (n=114, 46.9%) was leading over hot flush(n=113, 46.5%), night sweat (n=107, 44.03%) and palpitation (n=96, 39.5%). A total of 114 (46.9%) women were facing sexual symptoms. The common sexual symptom was dyspareunia 68 (27.9%). The Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) rating of overall symptoms showed women mostly suffer from mild symptoms during the perimenopausal period. Conclusion: Physical symptoms were identified to be predominating followed by psychological, genitourinary, vasomotor, and sexual. However rating of symptoms using MRS showed the majority of symptoms were mild. This study signifies the need to use the tool for the assessment of the severity of menopausal symptoms from the perimenopausal group
TASTE MASKING BY FUNCTIONAL CROSS-LINKED COPOLYMERS AND SUSTAIN RELEASE OF DRUG THROUGH INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK WITH SODIUM ALGINATE AND ĂÂș-CARREGANEEN BIOPOLYMERS
Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out taste masking of ciprofloxacin (Cfx) by functional cross-linked copolymers (FCCs) followed by sustain release of Cfx by forming interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) beads.
Methods: Drug-copolymer complexes (DCCs) with three different ratios of drug to copolymer (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) were prepared for the copolymers showing high drug loading with Cfx. Taste masked IPN beads were prepared by using sodium alginate (AL) and sodium alginate-ĂÂș-Carreganeen (AL-ĂÂș-Ca) with DCC 1:4, prepared from methacrylic acid divinyl benzene copolymer (MDC-1) and Cfx. The IPN beads were characterized with FTIR and further studied for sustain release of Cfx at different pH.
Results: In vivo taste masking carried out by Human volunteers showed that DCC 1:4 significantly reduces the bitterness of Cfx. Characterization studies such as FTIR, SEM, DSC, P-XRD and taste masking study differentiates DCC 1:4 from physical mixture prepared from MDC-1 and Cfx (PM 1:4). In vitro study at gastric pH showed complete release of Cfx from DCC 1:4 within 60 min where as the release of drug was extended upto 10 h in case of IPN beads. Kinetic study for drug release from IPN beads shows non-Fickian type.
Conclusions: Taste masking of Cfx was achieved by complexing with DCC 1:4 and control release of Cfx by forming IPN beads