Conduta nutricional de bailarinos adolescentes de ambos os sexos

A balanced diet is a major factor for dancers because of their contribution to improving the body composition and physical fitness of this audience. The objective of the research was to evaluate the nutritional behavior of macro- and micronutrients in the diet of classic adolescent dancers. Nine male dancers of 16.4 ± 1.5 years old and female 14.5 ± 0.9 years old were evaluated. The fat percentage showed values of 8.8 ± 1.3% and 8.7 ± 2.2% for boys and girls in this order. The food consumption of the dancers was recorded in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Boys rarely consumed milks and derivatives 28.8%, vegetables and fruits 70%, beverages 35.7% and products diet or light 100% where p˂0.05. Girls consumed snacks and canned once a week 66.7% and rarely drinks 84.6% and diet light products 92.9% where p˂0.05. Macronutrient intake was determined through a three-day dietary recall. The percentage of carbohydrate in the diet of the dancers was 57.8 ± 16.1%, of the dancers 59.7 ± 5.5%. For the protein the value for the dancers was 18 ± 6.2% and 17 ± 2.9 for the dancers. Considering lipids, the ingested numbers were 19.6 ± 7.6% and 21.7 ± 4.7% in this order for boys and girls where, p≥0.05. In conclusion, the dancers of the present study showed a feeding inadequacy, not consistent with the daily nutrient requirements for their dance modality.Uma alimentação balanceada constitui um fator primordial para os bailarinos, devido a sua contribuição para melhorar a composição corporal e aptidão física deste público. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a conduta nutricional de macro- e micronutrientes na dieta de bailarinos clássicos adolescentes. Foram avaliados nove bailarinos, do sexo masculino com 16,4 ± 1,5 anos e feminino 14,5 ± 0,9 anos. O percentual de gordura mostrou valores de 8,8 ± 1,3% e 8,7 ± 2,2% para os meninos e meninas nesta ordem. O consumo alimentar dos bailarinos, foi registrado no questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar. Os meninos raramente consumiam leites e derivados 28,8%, hortaliças e frutas 70%, bebidas 35,7% e produtos diet ou light 100% onde p˂0,05. As meninas consumiam petiscos e enlatados 1 vez por semana 66,7% e raramente bebidas 84,6% e produtos diet light 92,9% onde p˂0,05. A ingesta de macronutrientes foi determinada por intermédio de um recordatório alimentar de três dias. O percentual de carboidrato ingerido na dieta dos bailarinos foi de 57,8 ± 16,1% e das bailarinas de 59,7 ± 5,5%. Para as proteínas o valor para os dançarinos foi de 18 ± 6,2% e de 17 ± 2,9 para as dançarinas. Sobre os lipídios os numerários ingeridos foram de 19,6 ± 7,6% e 21,7 ± 4,7% nesta ordem para meninos e meninas onde, p≥0,05. Em conclusão, os bailarinos do presente estudo, mostraram uma inadequação alimentar, não coerentes com as necessidades diárias de nutrientes, para sua modalidade de dança. ABSTRACT Nutritional conduct of adolescent dancers of both sexA balanced diet is a major factor for dancers because of their contribution to improving the body composition and physical fitness of this audience. The objective of the research was to evaluate the nutritional behavior of macro- and micronutrients in the diet of classic adolescent dancers. Nine male dancers of 16.4 ± 1.5 years old and female 14.5 ± 0.9 years old were evaluated. The fat percentage showed values of 8.8 ± 1.3% and 8.7 ± 2.2% for boys and girls in this order. The food consumption of the dancers was recorded in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Boys rarely consumed milks and derivatives 28.8%, vegetables and fruits 70%, beverages 35.7% and products diet or light 100% where p˂0.05. Girls consumed snacks and canned once a week 66.7% and rarely drinks 84.6% and diet light products 92.9% where p˂0.05. Macronutrient intake was determined through a three-day dietary recall. The percentage of carbohydrate in the diet of the dancers was 57.8 ± 16.1%, of the dancers 59.7 ± 5.5%. For the protein the value for the dancers was 18 ± 6.2% and 17 ± 2.9 for the dancers. Considering lipids, the ingested numbers were 19.6 ± 7.6% and 21.7 ± 4.7% in this order for boys and girls where, p≥0.05. In conclusion, the dancers of the present study showed a feeding inadequacy, not consistent with the daily nutrient requirements for their dance modality

Reciprocal Sign Epistasis between Frequently Experimentally Evolved Adaptive Mutations Causes a Rugged Fitness Landscape

The fitness landscape captures the relationship between genotype and evolutionary fitness and is a pervasive metaphor used to describe the possible evolutionary trajectories of adaptation. However, little is known about the actual shape of fitness landscapes, including whether valleys of low fitness create local fitness optima, acting as barriers to adaptive change. Here we provide evidence of a rugged molecular fitness landscape arising during an evolution experiment in an asexual population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identify the mutations that arose during the evolution using whole-genome sequencing and use competitive fitness assays to describe the mutations individually responsible for adaptation. In addition, we find that a fitness valley between two adaptive mutations in the genes MTH1 and HXT6/HXT7 is caused by reciprocal sign epistasis, where the fitness cost of the double mutant prohibits the two mutations from being selected in the same genetic background. The constraint enforced by reciprocal sign epistasis causes the mutations to remain mutually exclusive during the experiment, even though adaptive mutations in these two genes occur several times in independent lineages during the experiment. Our results show that epistasis plays a key role during adaptation and that inter-genic interactions can act as barriers between adaptive solutions. These results also provide a new interpretation on the classic Dobzhansky-Muller model of reproductive isolation and display some surprising parallels with mutations in genes often associated with tumors

Cascading Dialog Modeling with UsiXML

This paper discusses multi-level dialog specifications for user interfaces of multi-target interactive systems and it proposes a step-wise method that combines a transformational approach for model-to-model derivation and an interactive editing of dialog models for tailoring the derived models. This method provides a synthesis of existing solutions for dialog modeling using a XMLbased User Interface Description Language, UsiXML, along with State- WebCharts notation for expressing the dialog at a high level of abstraction. Our aim is to push forward the design and reuse of dialog specifications throughout several levels of abstraction ranging from task and domain models until the final user interface thanks to a mechanism based on cascading style sheets. In this way, it is expected that the dialog properties are not only inherited from one level to another but also are made much more reusable than in the past

Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of X-rays on epithelial gingival cells during panoramic dental radiography using a differentiated protocol for the micronucleus test. Methods: 40 healthy individuals who underwent this procedure for diagnostic purposes on request from their dentists agreed to participate in this study. All of them answered a questionnaire before the examination. Epithelial gingival cells were obtained from the keratinized mucosa of the upper dental arcade by gentle scraping with a cervical brush immediately before exposure and 10 days later. Cytological preparations were stained according to the Feulgen-Rossenbeck reaction, counterstained with fast green 1% for 1 min and analysed under a light microscope. Micronuclei, nuclear projections (broken eggs) and degenerative nuclear alterations (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) were scored. Results: The frequency of micronuclei was significantly higher after exposure (P < 0.05), as were frequencies of nuclear alterations indicate of apoptosis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate that X-ray radiation emitted during panoramic dental radiography induces a genotoxic effect on epithelial gingival cells that increases the frequency of chromosomal damage and nuclear alterations indicative of apoptosis.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq, Bahia, Brazi

Schistosome-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and osteopontin secretion correlate with fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis mansoni.

Schistosomiasis is a major cause of portal hypertension worldwide. It associates with portal fibrosis that develops during chronic infection. The mechanisms by which the pathogen evokes these host responses remain unclear. We evaluated the hypothesis that schistosome eggs release factors that directly stimulate liver cells to produce osteopontin (OPN), a pro-fibrogenic protein that stimulates hepatic stellate cells to become myofibroblasts. We also investigated the utility of OPN as a biomarker of fibrosis and/or severity of portal hypertension. Cultured cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells were treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA); OPN production was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) and ELISA; cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine). Mice were infected with Schistosoma mansoni for 6 or 16 weeks to cause early or advanced fibrosis. Liver OPN was evaluated by qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with liver fibrosis and serum OPN. Livers from patients with schistosomiasis mansoni (early fibrosis n=15; advanced fibrosis n=72) or healthy adults (n=22) were immunostained for OPN and fibrosis markers. Results were correlated with plasma OPN levels and splenic vein pressures. SEA-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and OPN secretion (P<0.001 compared with controls). Cholangiocytes were OPN (+) in Schistosoma-infected mice and humans. Liver and serum OPN levels correlated with fibrosis stage (mice: r=0.861; human r=0.672, P=0.0001) and myofibroblast accumulation (mice: r=0.800; human: r=0.761, P=0.0001). Numbers of OPN (+) bile ductules strongly correlated with splenic vein pressure (r=0.778; P=0.001). S. mansoni egg antigens stimulate cholangiocyte proliferation and OPN secretion. OPN levels in liver and blood correlate with fibrosis stage and portal hypertension severity