CSR of Tobacco Industries in Indonesia, the Concept and its Implementation

Cigarettes are the products made from tobacco which contains nicotine and tar that has harmful effects when they are consumed. Nicotine is identified as an addictive substance while tar contains toxic and carcinogenic substance. Furthermore, since the harmful effects of the manufactured products, cigarette companies should have a responsibility to protect the consumers and their environment, so that they are freed from the effects. Various companies’ activities which are considered as a company social responsibility, such as sponsoring sport events and arts, are actually a massive promotion attempt and even green camouflage which improve the credibility of the companies as the ones which are not manufacturing harmful products. Based on the fact, the concept of cigarette company social responsibility needs to be reconsidered by differentiating it with other company social responsibilities which have different harmful implications from meanings and realizations. Key words : CSR, Tobacco Industry In Indonesia, Concept and Implementatio

The administration of small-scale economies in the cross- border trade in Southeast Asia

Purpose: This research aims to reveal that the servitude for economic interest in cross border trade zone can be applied in Southeast Asian countries. This trade cooperation includes the right to carry out certain actions in a country's territory as a place of trade for their foreign citizens. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study was conducted by using the field research and analyzed with descriptive analysis regarding the establishment of inter-state trade zones in the border regions of Malaysia and Indonesia. Findings: The results showed that managing the border region it is required to be emphasized by using servitude for economic interest to establish special trade zone for the creation of social justice in the border region. The establishment of a Special Area of Cross Border Trade, as that in Serikin market in Serawak, Malaysia, can be administratively used an alternative in managing the socio-economic border relations between Indonesia and Malaysia. There are several issues that must be examined as the implications of the establishment of border trade zones. Practical Implications: It is necessary to make an agreement on a special cross-border trade area to complement BCA and the BTA, in form of the Border Area Agreement (BAA). Originality/value: The trade area in the Serawak border is part of the acculturation of border communities, which requires special consideration in terms of management, legal rights and national jurisdiction. In addition, this kind of trade area is not formed by the Border Cross Agreement (BCA) and the Border Trade Agreement (BTA).peer-reviewe

REPOSITION OF CHILD PROTECTION THROUGH THE ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

The number of violations of children’s rights in the form of exploitation and violence against children is increasing in Indonesia. The increase is due to the lack of understanding of children’s rights from related parties. Repositioning children’s rights is needed because children need a specific right and specific protection under a specific human rights framework, so that they do not lose power when establishing relationships with adults; where at this point, children are very vulnerable to treatment discriminatory. The repositioning of children’s rights is carried out by making a protection and enforcement of human rights as guaranteed constitutional rights, which is based on the understanding that human rights are human rights in toto and not merely as an individual’s legal rights in their capacity as legal subjects that are legally listed in the applicable law. The failure of the government to carry out this obligation is violation by omission

Laporan Penelitian_The impact of asymmetric information in medical services: A study in progressive law

The relationship between doctors and patients is seen as a therapeutic contract. The medical practice should be based on good intentions, that is, to help patients using their knowledge underpinned by the Hippocratic Oath, the code of medical ethics, and professional standards. The dominant position of physicians leads to asymmetric information and professional misconduct called supplier-induced demand, which may harm patients. This research aimed to examine the implications of asymmetric information towards the doctor-patient relationship in medical services, the implications of asymmetric information towards therapeutic transactions between doctors and patients, and required measures to give protection to the loss party in therapeutic transactions. This study used the juridical-normative approach, secondary data as the main data, progressive legal theories, and principles and doctrines in the contract law. This research revealed that the doctor-patient relationship, which should reflect the mutual participation model, still reproduced paternalistic relationships which might interfere the enforcement of patient autonomy and violate the principle of duty-based ethics. Doctor moral hazard which reflects supplier-induced demand showed that doctors might persuade patients, leading to potentially inappropriate medical care. In the case of loss, breach of contract and an act against the law in the contract law could not be used because it occurred in the pre-contractual stage. Thus, the construction of abuse of circumstances was used so the doctrine of undue influence could be applied as a basis of contract cancellation. Keywords: Asymmetric Information, Therapeutic Contract, Doctor-Patient Relationship, Progressive La

Pelaksanaan Putusan Pengadilan Asing Di Indonesia (Studi Loan Agreement Antara Republik Indonesia Dan Nordea Bank Danmark A/s (Denmark))

Berkembangnya kerja sama ekonomi Internasional mengakibatkan semakin meningkatnya aktivitas atau transaksi bisnis Internasional. Transaksi bisnis Internasional adalah suatu transaksi yang melibatkan pihak asing, paling tidak salah satunya adalah pihak asing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah status loan agreement (perjanjian pinjaman luar negeri) antara Republik Indonesia dan Nordea Bank Danmark A/S termasuk Perjanjian Internasional dalam Hukum Internasional Publik ataukah Hukum Perdata Internasional, dan apakah putusan yang dihasilkan oleh pengadilan asing dapat dijalankan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa studi kepustakaan (library research), data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukan bahwa kontrak loan agreement (perjanjian pinjaman luar negeri) antara Republik Indonesia dan Nordea Bank Danmark A/S termasuk perjanjian Internasional dalam hukum Internasional publik. Sementara dilihat dari substansinya, loan agreement pada dasarnya masuk dalam ranah hukum perdata Internasional. Namun dengan adanya pergeseran penggunaan governing law dalam loan agreement pada perkembangannya, maka pembagian tersebut tidak lagi dapat dijadikan acuan. Putusan yang dihasilkan oleh pengadilan asing tidak dapat dijalankan di Indonesia. Ketentuan mengenai tidak dapatnya suatu putusan pengadilan asing dieksekusi atau dilaksanakan di Indonesia, antara lain dapat ditemui pada Pasal 436 Regleman Acara Perdata (Reglement op de Rechtsvordering, “RV”), namun demikian ketentuan tersebut tidak berlaku lagi manakala negara mengikuti suatu peraturan tertentu dan telah dilakukan ratifikasi maupun melakukan pengesahan dalam suatu undang-undang yang memberlakukan peraturan tersebut secara khusus (lex specialis)