27 research outputs found
Diversity of immunoglobulin light chain genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish uncovers IgL subdivision into five ancient isotypes
<p>The aim of this study was to fill important gaps in the evolutionary history of immunoglobulins by examining the structure and diversity of IgL genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish. First, based on the bioinformatic analysis of recent transcriptomic and genomic resources, we experimentally characterized the IgL genes in the chondrostean fish, Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet). We show that this species has three loci encoding IgL kappa-like chains with a translocon-type gene organization and a single VJC cluster, encoding homogeneous lambda-like light chain. In addition, sterlet possesses sigma-like VL and J-CL genes, which are transcribed separately and both encode protein products with cleavable leader peptides. The Acipenseriformes IgL dataset was extended by the sequences mined in the databases of species belonging to other non-teleost lineages of ray-finned fish: Holostei and Polypteriformes. Inclusion of these new data into phylogenetic analysis showed a clear subdivision of IgL chains into five groups. The isotype described previously as the teleostean IgL lambda turned out to be a kappa and lambda chain paralog that emerged before the radiation of ray-finned fish. We designate this isotype as lambda-2. The phylogeny also showed that sigma-2 IgL chains initially regarded as specific for cartilaginous fish are present in holosteans, polypterids, and even in turtles. We conclude that there were five ancient IgL isotypes, which evolved differentially in various lineages of jawed vertebrates.</p
Radish Productivity Under Inclusion of Plant Inedible Biomass in Mass Exchange Processes of a Biological-Technical Life Support System
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ‘) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ’Π‘ΠΠ). ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ’Π‘ΠΠ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°: Β«Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ», ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ. Β«ΠΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ» ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Β«ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» Π²
ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ, Π°
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΠ‘. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π‘Π2 Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°
Β«ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΠΠ‘Β», ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ·
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Β«Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Use of the soil-like substrate (SLS) as a root-inhabited substrate is one of the most perspective ways
of plants cultivation in biological-technical life support systems (BTLSS). Inclusion of plant inedible
biomass seems to be necessary for closure increase of mass exchange processes of a long-functioning
BTLSS. The work presents estimation data of three ways of processing wheat and radish inedible
biomass introduced into the SLS: a βbiologicalβ method, a physical-technical way and a combined
one. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) βMokhovskyβ variety was a test culture. The βbiologicalβ method
represented the SLS used as a bioreactor in which dry wheat and radish inedible biomass was
introduced. The physical-technical method consisted of βwetβ oxidation of wheat and radish inedible
biomass by hydrogen peroxide in alternating current with further introduction of the solution obtained
into the solution for plants irrigation. The combined method included physical-chemical mineralization
of wheat straw and radish inedible biomass introduced directly into the SLS. The combined method
consisted of the physical-chemical oxidation of wheat straw and the βbiologicalβ processing of radish
inedible biomass appeared to be the most optimal way from all methods under stud
ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Resonance properties of nanomechanical resonators based on doubly clamped silicon nanowires, fabricated from silicon-on-insulator and coated with a thin layer of aluminum, were experimentally investigated. Resonance frequencies of the fundamental mode were measured at a temperature of for nanowires of various sizes using the magnetomotive scheme. The measured values of the resonance frequency agree with the estimates obtained from the Euler-Bernoulli theory. The measured internal quality factor of the -long resonator, , exceeds the corresponding values of similar resonators investigated at higher temperatures. The structures presented can be used as mass sensors with an expected sensitivity
Extending the time of coherent optical response in ensemble of singly-charged InGaAs quantum dots
The ability to extend the time scale of the coherent optical response from large ensembles of quantum emitters is highly appealing for applications in quantum information devices. In semiconductor nanostructures, spin degrees of freedom can be used as auxiliary, powerful tools to modify the coherent optical dynamics. Here, we apply this approach to negatively charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots which are considered as excellent quantum emitters with robust optical coherence and high bandwidth. We study three-pulse spin-dependent photon echoes subject to moderate transverse magnetic fields up to 1 T. We demonstrate that the timescale of coherent optical response can be extended by at least an order of magnitude by the field. Without magnetic field, the photon echo decays with T2 = 0.45 ns which is determined by the radiative lifetime of trions T1 = 0.26 ns. In the presence of the transverse magnetic field, the decay of the photon echo signal is given by spin dephasing time of the ensemble of resident electrons T2,eββΌβ4 ns. We demonstrate that the non-zero transverse g-factor of the heavy holes in the trion state plays a crucial role in the temporal evolution and magnetic field dependence of the long-lived photon echo signal
Genotyping of Capreolus pygargus Fossil DNA from Denisova Cave Reveals Phylogenetic Relationships between Ancient and Modern Populations
BACKGROUND: The extant roe deer (Capreolus Gray, 1821) includes two species: the European roe deer (C. capreolus) and the Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus) that are distinguished by morphological and karyotypical differences. The Siberian roe deer occupies a vast area of Asia and is considerably less studied than the European roe deer. Modern systematics of the Siberian roe deer remain controversial with 4 morphological subspecies. Roe deer fossilized bones are quite abundant in Denisova cave (Altai Mountains, South Siberia), where dozens of both extant and extinct mammalian species from modern Holocene to Middle Pleistocene have been retrieved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed a 629 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region from ancient bones of 10 Holocene and four Pleistocene Siberian roe deer from Denisova cave as well as 37 modern specimen belonging to populations from Altai, Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan), Yakutia, Novosibirsk region and the Russian Far East. Genealogical reconstructions indicated that most Holocene haplotypes were probably ancestral for modern roe deer populations of Western Siberia and Tian Shan. One of the Pleistocene haplotypes was possibly ancestral for modern Yakutian populations, and two extinct Pleistocene haplotypes were close to modern roe deer from Tian Shan and Yakutia. Most modern geographical populations (except for West Siberian Plains) are heterogeneous and there is some tentative evidence for structure. However, we did not find any distinct phylogenetic signal characterizing particular subspecies in either modern or ancient samples. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from both ancient and modern samples of Siberian roe deer shed new light on understanding the evolutionary history of roe deer. Our data indicate that during the last 50,000 years multiple replacements of populations of the Siberian roe deer took place in the Altai Mountains correlating with climatic changes. The Siberian roe deer represent a complex and heterogeneous species with high migration rates and without evident subspecies structure. Low genetic diversity of the West Siberian Plain population indicates a recent bottleneck or founder effect
Formation of nanostructured metallic glass thin films upon sputtering
Morphology evolution of the multicomponent metallic glass film obtained by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was investigated in the present work. Two modes of metallic glass sputtering were distinguished: smooth film mode and clustered film mode. The sputtering parameters, which have the most influence on the sputtering modes, were determined. As a result, amorphous Ni-Nb thin films with a smooth surface and nanoglassy structure were deposited on silica float glass and Si substrates. The phase composition of the target appeared to have a significant influence on the chemical composition of the deposited amorphous thin film. The differences in charge transport and nanomechanical properties between the smooth and nanoglassy Ni-Nb film were also determined
Diversity of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Genes in Non-Teleost Ray-Finned Fish Uncovers IgL Subdivision into Five Ancient Isotypes
The aim of this study was to fill important gaps in the evolutionary history of immunoglobulins by examining the structure and diversity of IgL genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish. First, based on the bioinformatic analysis of recent transcriptomic and genomic resources, we experimentally characterized the IgL genes in the chondrostean fish, Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet). We show that this species has three loci encoding IgL kappa-like chains with a translocon-type gene organization and a single VJC cluster, encoding homogeneous lambda-like light chain. In addition, sterlet possesses sigma-like VL and J-CL genes, which are transcribed separately and both encode protein products with cleavable leader peptides. The Acipenseriformes IgL dataset was extended by the sequences mined in the databases of species belonging to other non-teleost lineages of ray-finned fish: Holostei and Polypteriformes. Inclusion of these new data into phylogenetic analysis showed a clear subdivision of IgL chains into five groups. The isotype described previously as the teleostean IgL lambda turned out to be a kappa and lambda chain paralog that emerged before the radiation of ray-finned fish. We designate this isotype as lambda-2. The phylogeny also showed that sigma-2 IgL chains initially regarded as specific for cartilaginous fish are present in holosteans, polypterids, and even in turtles. We conclude that there were five ancient IgL isotypes, which evolved differentially in various lineages of jawed vertebrates