Xeff analysis method optimization to enhance IACTs performances

The seek of high precision analyses in $\gamma$-ray astronomy leads to the implementation of multivariate combination, benefiting from several reconstruction methods. Such analysis, called $X_{eff}$, was developed for the H.E.S.S. data using three shower reconstruction methods. This paper presents the improvement granted to this analysis by refining the distribution calculation of discriminant variables, considering observation conditions, and adding new variables in the $X_{eff}$ combination. The efficiency of the analysis is presented using simulations and real data. A comparison with the standard analysis (model++), for a typical set of sources, shows a significant gain in sensitivity.Comment: Contribution to the Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015), The Hague, The Netherland

Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy observed by H.E.S.S

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are characterized by a large measured mass-to-light ratio and are not expected to be the site of high-luminosity non-thermal high-energy gamma-ray emissions. Therefore they are among the most promising candidates for indirect searches of dark matter particle annihilation signals in gamma rays. The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy has been regularly observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of Cherenkov telescopes for more than 90 hours, searching for TeV gamma-ray emission from annihilation of dark matter particles. In absence of a significant signal, new constraints on the annihilation crosssection of the dark matter particles applicable for Majorana Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are derived.Comment: In Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil

a comparison of OURS and Mariestopes in Uganda

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공), 2020. 8. 김태균.이 연구는 NGO의 라이프 사이클의 다양한 양식과 그것이 우간다에서 NGO의 지속 가능성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사하기 위해 시작되었습니다. 이 연구는 비교되고 조사 설계를 채택했으며 OURS와 Mariestopes Uganda 라이프 사이클의 다양한 양식을 비교했습니다. 규모, 운영 및 지속 가능성의 차이에 대한 이유를 설정하고 개발 도상국의 NGO를위한 개발 프로그램 구현을위한 정책 권장 사항을 제안합니다. 이 연구는 조직이 수명주기를 통해 위기의시기에 직면하여 조직의 생존에 변화, 적응 또는 심각한 위협을 초래한다는 사실을 확인했습니다. 이 연구는 수명주기 단계와 단계에서 NGO가 운영을 지속하고 지속 가능하게하려면 모든 단계에서 이용 가능한 기회를 활용하면서 위협을 관리하는 것이 필수적이라는 사실을 확인했습니다. 또한 NGO는 계획과 수명주기의 어느 단계에서 언제 그리고 어느 단계에서 다각화를 시작할 것인지 또는 결정하기 위해 사용 가능한 자원에 따라 매우 신중하게 결정해야합니다.The study set out to examine the different modalities of the NGOs life cycle and how they affect the sustainability of NGOs in Uganda. This study was comparative and adopted a survey design and compared the different modalities of OURS and Mariestopes Uganda life cycles. It establishes the reasons for the differences in size, operations and sustainability and suggests policy recommendations for development Programme implementation for NGOs in developing Countries. The study established that through the lifecycles, organizations face periods of crises, which in turn lead to change, adaptation, or serious threats to the organizations survival. The study established that throughout the lifecycle stages and phases, it is imperative to manage the threats while taking advantage of the available opportunities at every stage if NGOs were to continue operation and become sustainable. Besides, NGOs need to determine very carefully depending on their plans, and available resources when and at which stage of their lifecycles to either specialize, or embark on diversification as these processes determined growth and continuity.CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to the study 1 1.1.1 Historical Background 1 1.1.2 Conceptual Background 3 1.1.3 Theoretical background 5 1.1.4 Contextual Background 7 1.2 Statement of the Problem 10 1.3 Purpose of the study 12 1.4. Objectives of the study 12 1.5. Research Question 12 1.6 Hypothesis 13 1.7 Justification of the study 13 1.8 Significance of the Study 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.0 Introduction 15 2.1 An introduction to the NGO life cycle 15 2.2.2 Stage 2: Survival/ Early Growth 22 2.2.3 Stage 3- Maturity 28 2.2.4 Stage 4- Renewal/Stagnation/Crisis 31 2.2.5 The 5th Stage- Decline/Close out/Closure 34 2.3 Implications for growth phases 37 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 41 3.0 Introduction 41 3.1 Research Design 41 3.2 Study Population 42 3.2.1 Sample size and selection 42 3.2.2 Sampling techniques and procedure 44 3.3 Methods of Data Collection 44 3.3.1 Quantitative data collection methods: 45 3.3.2 Qualitative data collection methods 45 3.3.3 Document review 45 3.4 Data collection instruments 46 3.5 Validity and Reliability 47 3.6 Procedure of Data Collection 48 3.7 Data Analysis 50 3.7.1 Qualitative analysis 50 3.7.2 Quantitative Analysis 51 3.7.3 Measurement of variables 51 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 52 4.0 Introduction 52 4.1 Response rate 52 4.2 Demographic Composition of the Sample 54 4.2.1 Age 54 4.2.2 Time Worked at the NGO (both OURS and Mariestopes) 56 4.2.3 Education Level 57 4.3 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Findings of the Study 58 4.3.1 Stage one (start-up) of NGO Lifecycle 58 4.3.2 Stage two: The Early Growth/survival phase of NGO Lifecycle 68 4.3.4 Stage three: The Maturity phase of the NGO Lifecycle (7-30 years) 83 4.3.5 Stage Four: Crisis, Stagnation, and Decline (2-5 years) 95 4.3.6 Stage Five: Decline/Close out/Closure 106 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 120 5.0 Introduction 120 5.1 Demographic Composition of the Sample 120 5.2 Summary of the findings of the Study 121 5.3 Conclusions 126 5.3.1 Stage one (start-up) 126 5.3.2 Stage two: The Early Growth/survival phase of NGO Lifecycle 128 5.3.3 Stage three: The Maturity phase of the NGO Lifecycle (7-30 years) 129 5.3.4 Stage Four: Crisis, Stagnation, and Decline (2-5 years) 131 5.3.5 Stage Five: Decline/Close out/Closure 133 5.4 Recommendations 134 5.5 Areas for further research 135 REFERENCES 136 APPENDIX IMaste

Thanatometabolomics: introducing NMR-based metabolomics to identify metabolic biomarkers of the time of death.

Death is the permanent cessation of the critical functions of the organism as a whole. However, the shutdown of a complex biological organism does not abruptly terminate at time of death. New high-throughput technologies allow the systematic investigation of the biochemical modulations occurring after death. Recent genomics studies have demonstrated that genes remain active after death, triggering upregulation of some genes and initiating feedback loops. These genes were mostly involved in pathways related to immunity, inflammation and cancer. These genetic modulations suggest many biochemical events persist after death, which can be captured using a metabolomics approach. This proof of concept work aimed to determine whether NMR spectroscopy could identify metabolomics changes occurring after death, and characterise the nature of these metabolomics modulations. High-resolution H-NMR spectroscopy was applied to six biological matrices: heart, kidney, liver, spleen, skin and white adipose tissue of ten adult mice at three different type points. Forty-three metabolites were associated with post mortem metabolomics modulations. Kidney, heart and spleen showed the highest metabolic perturbations. Conversely, skin and white adipose tissue were the least altered matrices. Early metabolic modulations were associated with energy metabolism and DNA synthesis, by contrast, late metabolomics modulations were associated with microbial metabolism. NMR has proven potential to determine the time of death based on post-mortem metabolomics modulations. This could be useful in the context of transplants, forensic studies and as internal quality control in metabolomics studies. Further investigations are required to validate these findings in humans in order to determine which compounds robustly reflect post-mortem metabolic fluctuations to accurately determine the time of death

VHE gamma-rays from the other side of the Milky-Way: SNR G349.7+0.2

Young massive star clusters as sites of strong stellar winds and supernova explosions may accelerate charged particles at high energies and produce gamma-rays. These sources may also contribute to the production of cosmic rays in our galaxy. At TeV energies several candidates have already been detected: Cygnus OB2, Westerlund 1 \& 2, W43, Pismis 22 and W49A. Our study addresses the issue of very young star clusters where no supernova has occurred yet. During the lifetime of a massive star (M$> 20 M_{\odot}$), supersonic stellar winds do indeed release as much energy as a supernova explosion. As supernova remnants are already known as gamma-ray emitters our purpose is to avoid any ambiguity on the origin of a possible gamma ray emission and to fully assume a stellar wind contribution. In this work we first present a catalogue of potential gamma-ray emitting clusters and discuss the criteria used to built the catalogue. We hence model the expected energetic particle spectrum including escapes and losses. We deduce gamma-ray luminosities produced by Inverse Compton and pion decay emission of each cluster and their associated HII regions. We finally compare these gamma-ray luminosities with HESS-II and CTA Cherenkov telescopes sensitivities

Mycoplasma mycoides recovered from the frontal sinus of an ox

The isolation of M. mycoides from the frontal sinus of an ox is recorded. The possibility that this observation may reflect a true carrier state and be responsible for field outbreaks of obscure origin is considered.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Mycoplasmas recovered from bovine genitalia, aborted foetuses and placentas in the Republic of South Africa

A total of 917 Mycoplasma isolations were made from 4 092 specimens originating from 2 874 cattle in private herds and at AI stations. The percentages of isolations from the different sources were: cervico-vaginal mucus 14,6 %, semen 43 %, preputial wash 25 %, foetuses 3,3% and placentas 15 %. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, the most common isolate, was recovered from 39% of males, 47% of females, 25 % of foetuses and 11 % of placentas. A wide spectrum of mycoplasmas was present, and varying combinations were common. The possible pathogenic significance of the isolates is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Kinetic analysis of [11C]befloxatone in the human brain, a selective radioligand to image monoamine oxidase A.

International audienceBACKGROUND: [11C]Befloxatone measures the density of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the brain. MAO-A is responsible for the degradation of different neurotransmitters and is implicated in several neurologic and psychiatric illnesses. This study sought to estimate the distribution volume (VT) values of [11C]befloxatone in humans using an arterial input function. METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers were imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) after [11C]befloxatone injection. Kinetic analysis was performed using an arterial input function in association with compartmental modeling and with the Logan plot, multilinear analysis (MA1), and standard spectral analysis (SA) at both the regional and voxel level. Arterialized venous samples were drawn as an alternative and less invasive input function. RESULTS: An unconstrained two-compartment model reliably quantified VT values in large brain regions. A constrained model did not significantly improve VT identifiability. Similar VT results were obtained using SA; however, the Logan plot and MA1 slightly underestimated VT values (about -10 %). At the voxel level, SA showed a very small bias (+2 %) compared to compartmental modeling, Logan severely underestimated VT values, and voxel-wise images obtained with MA1 were too noisy to be reliably quantified. Arterialized venous blood samples did not provide a satisfactory alternative input function as the Logan-VT regional values were not comparable to those obtained with arterial sampling in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Binding of [11C]befloxatone to MAO-A can be quantified using an arterial input function and a two-compartment model or, in parametric images, with SA