240 research outputs found
Can Vietnam Achieve One of its Millennium Development Goals? An analysis of schooling dropouts of children
The objectives of this study are to identify the underlying determinants of the schooling dropout in Vietnam and to project its trend in the future up to 2015. Our examination is largely based on the three Vietnamâs Living Standard Surveys conducted in 1992/93, 1997/98 and 2001/02 and the conventional framework of educational investment at the household level. The major determinants of the schooling dropout choice by households are found to be variables of childâs characteristics (such as age, working time, primary education, and number of siblings) and household economic situation (such as parental education, householdâs per capita expenditure, and cost of schooling). In general, the effects of these determinants on the schooling dropout probability are statistically significant. In particular, the schooling dropout probability has been very sensitive to the changes in the householdâs per capita expenditure and the direct costs of schooling, whereas recently the other determinants have had only minor impacts. In terms of schooling, girls have benefited more than boys did from their household's per capita expenditure increase, while they have suffered more than boys did from an increase in the direct cost of schooling. These differences, however, recently have narrowed substantially. The dropout situation is also regional specific and hence, a comprehensive approach is needed to deal with it. Moreover, at present the low quality of education is serious problem. Together with the parents' incorrect perception of and the communityâs attitude to education values, this may increase the possibility of childrenâs schooling dropout. The dropout situation is also very much dependent on the public funding for education, which is still not effective in reducing the household current excessive financial burden and still biased against the poor regions. The projection outcomes of the schooling dropout probability of children in the future up to 2015 is very much depending on the assumptions of the changes in the householdâs per capita expenditure and the cost of schooling. When the growth rate of the cost of schooling is much higher (for example, by 1.2 percentage points) than that of the householdâs per capita expenditure, the dropout rate would first decrease and increase again after 2010. The tentative assessments suggest that in these cases, there is a chance for Vietnam to achieve the national targets of the primary and lower secondary net enrolment rates in 2010. However, Vietnam could very hardly to achieve the MDG on the universal completion of primary education in 2015 and moreover, the achievements recorded by 2010 would be deteriorated. Regarding the scenarios, where the pace of changes in the cost of schooling is lower than that of the householdâs per capita expenditure, the projections seem to provide a rather bright picture in terms of achieving the national education targets in 2010 and the MDG on education in 2015. The projections also show that there is a reason to be more optimistic about the elimination of the gender gap in education by 2010.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40162/3/wp776.pd
Can Vietnam Achieve One of its Millennium Development Goals? An analysis of schooling dropouts of children
The objectives of this study are to identify the underlying determinants of the schooling dropout in Vietnam and to project its trend in the future up to 2015. Our examination is largely based on the three Vietnamâs Living Standard Surveys conducted in 1992/93, 1997/98 and 2001/02 and the conventional framework of educational investment at the household level. The major determinants of the schooling dropout choice by households are found to be variables of childâs characteristics (such as age, working time, primary education, and number of siblings) and household economic situation (such as parental education, householdâs per capita expenditure, and cost of schooling). In general, the effects of these determinants on the schooling dropout probability are statistically significant. In particular, the schooling dropout probability has been very sensitive to the changes in the householdâs per capita expenditure and the direct costs of schooling, whereas recently the other determinants have had only minor impacts. In terms of schooling, girls have benefited more than boys did from their household's per capita expenditure increase, while they have suffered more than boys did from an increase in the direct cost of schooling. These differences, however, recently have narrowed substantially. The dropout situation is also regional specific and hence, a comprehensive approach is needed to deal with it. Moreover, at present the low quality of education is serious problem. Together with the parents' incorrect perception of and the communityâs attitude to education values, this may increase the possibility of childrenâs schooling dropout. The dropout situation is also very much dependent on the public funding for education, which is still not effective in reducing the household current excessive financial burden and still biased against the poor regions. The projection outcomes of the schooling dropout probability of children in the future up to 2015 is very much depending on the assumptions of the changes in the householdâs per capita expenditure and the cost of schooling. When the growth rate of the cost of schooling is much higher (for example, by 1.2 percentage points) than that of the householdâs per capita expenditure, the dropout rate would first decrease and increase again after 2010. The tentative assessments suggest that in these cases, there is a chance for Vietnam to achieve the national targets of the primary and lower secondary net enrolment rates in 2010. However, Vietnam could very hardly to achieve the MDG on the universal completion of primary education in 2015 and moreover, the achievements recorded by 2010 would be deteriorated. Regarding the scenarios, where the pace of changes in the cost of schooling is lower than that of the householdâs per capita expenditure, the projections seem to provide a rather bright picture in terms of achieving the national education targets in 2010 and the MDG on education in 2015. The projections also show that there is a reason to be more optimistic about the elimination of the gender gap in education by 2010.Vietnam, education, MDGs
Institutional Changes for Private Sector Development in Vietnam : Experience and Lessons
Vietnam, Centrally Planned Economies, Transition, reform, institutions
Fixed point index computations for multivalued mapping and application to the problem of positive eigenvalues in ordered space
[EN] In this paper, we present some results on fixed point index calculations for multivalued mappings and apply them to prove the existence of solutions to multivalued equations in ordered space, under flexible conditions for the positive eigenvalue.This paper was supported by Thu Dau Mot university under grant number DT.21.1-014.Tri, VV. (2022). Fixed point index computations for multivalued mapping and application to the problem of positive eigenvalues in ordered space. Applied General Topology. 23(1):107-119. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2022.15669OJS10711923
Optimal Number, Location, and Size of Distributed Generators in Distribution Systems by Symbiotic Organism Search Based Method
This paper proposes an approach based on
the Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) for optimal determining
sizing, siting, and number of Distributed
Generations (DG) in distribution systems. The objective
of the problem is to minimize the power loss of the
system subject to the equality and inequality constraints
such as power balance, bus voltage limits, DG capacity
limits, and DG penetration limit. The SOS approach is
defined as the symbiotic relationship observed between
two organisms in an ecosystem, which does not need the
control parameters like other meta-heuristic algorithms
in the literature. For the implementation of the proposed
method to the problem, an integrated approach of
Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) is used to determine the
optimal location for installation of DG units, and SOS
is used to find the optimal size of DG units. The proposed
method has been tested on IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus,
and 118-bus radial distribution systems. The obtained
results from the SOS algorithm have been compared to
those of other methods in the literature. The simulated
results have demonstrated that the proposed SOS
method has a very good performance and effectiveness
for the problem of optimal placement of DG units in
distribution systems
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Vietnam
Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,
Dragon by the Tail, Dragon by the Head, Bilateralism and Globalism in East Asia
In this paper, we examine the bilateral implications of regional and global trade arrangements in the East Asian context. Using a dynamic global CGE model, we examine a variety of trade scenarios, in terms of bilateral relations between China and two of its most populace regional partners, Vietnam and Japan. Given the differences between the latter two economies, it might be reasonable to expect divergence in the bilateral outcomes. Our findings indicate that differences in initial conditions can indeed have a significant impact on bilateral adjustments, and that these can be adverse for some partners in the absence of policies that promote trade complementarity. By the latter we mean bilateral import and export patterns where the aggregate grows faster for each country than their total trade, but which help sustain bilateral balance of payments equilibrium.Dragon; Head; Bilateralism; Globalism
Combination of Domain Knowledge and Deep Learning for Sentiment Analysis of Short and Informal Messages on Social Media
Sentiment analysis has been emerging recently as one of the major natural
language processing (NLP) tasks in many applications. Especially, as social
media channels (e.g. social networks or forums) have become significant sources
for brands to observe user opinions about their products, this task is thus
increasingly crucial. However, when applied with real data obtained from social
media, we notice that there is a high volume of short and informal messages
posted by users on those channels. This kind of data makes the existing works
suffer from many difficulties to handle, especially ones using deep learning
approaches. In this paper, we propose an approach to handle this problem. This
work is extended from our previous work, in which we proposed to combine the
typical deep learning technique of Convolutional Neural Networks with domain
knowledge. The combination is used for acquiring additional training data
augmentation and a more reasonable loss function. In this work, we further
improve our architecture by various substantial enhancements, including
negation-based data augmentation, transfer learning for word embeddings, the
combination of word-level embeddings and character-level embeddings, and using
multitask learning technique for attaching domain knowledge rules in the
learning process. Those enhancements, specifically aiming to handle short and
informal messages, help us to enjoy significant improvement in performance once
experimenting on real datasets.Comment: A Preprint of an article accepted for publication by Inderscience in
IJCVR on September 201
Mythe ou réalité de la nouvelle économie des pays en voie de développement : les conditions nécessaires aux affaires électroniques au Vietnam
Cette recherche Ă©tudie l'Ă©mergence et le dĂ©veloppement des affaires Ă©lectroniques dans le contexte d'un pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement. Elle vise Ă mettre en lumiĂšre la relation entre le contexte national et le potentiel de dĂ©veloppement des affaires Ă©lectroniques et poser des questions sur ce qu'on appelle « les conditions nĂ©cessaires » aux affaires Ă©lectroniques. Pour rĂ©aliser cette recherche, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© des cas complexes, soit celui d'un pays (le Vietnam), d'une industrie (les fournisseurs de contenu Web) et de trois modĂšles d'affaires (la musique, les journaux et les jeux en ligne). Nous avons confrontĂ© la rĂ©alitĂ© d'un pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement avec les expĂ©riences thĂ©orisĂ©es des pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans le domaine des affaires Ă©lectroniques. Le rĂ©sultat de l'analyse du cas du Vietnam nous permet de soulever plusieurs questions thĂ©oriques et managĂ©riales relatives aux affaires Ă©lectroniques dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLĂS DE LâAUTEUR : Affaires Ă©lectroniques, ModĂšle d'affaire, Contexte national, Pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement, Vietnam
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