59 research outputs found
Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution: world experience
The present paper is devoted to the application of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution procedure. It defines features of the legal regulation of mediation procedures in different countries and legal systems, such as United States, European Union, China, and Russian Federation. In addition, the main principles of mediation and their implementation in different legal systems are analyzed in this pape
Evolution of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay
The Daya Bay experiment has observed correlations between reactor core fuel
evolution and changes in the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum.
Four antineutrino detectors in two experimental halls were used to identify 2.2
million inverse beta decays (IBDs) over 1230 days spanning multiple fuel cycles
for each of six 2.9 GW reactor cores at the Daya Bay and Ling
Ao nuclear power plants. Using detector data spanning effective Pu
fission fractions, , from 0.25 to 0.35, Daya Bay measures an average
IBD yield, , of
cm/fission and a fuel-dependent variation in the IBD yield,
, of cm/fission.
This observation rejects the hypothesis of a constant antineutrino flux as a
function of the Pu fission fraction at 10 standard deviations. The
variation in IBD yield was found to be energy-dependent, rejecting the
hypothesis of a constant antineutrino energy spectrum at 5.1 standard
deviations. While measurements of the evolution in the IBD spectrum show
general agreement with predictions from recent reactor models, the measured
evolution in total IBD yield disagrees with recent predictions at 3.1.
This discrepancy indicates that an overall deficit in measured flux with
respect to predictions does not result from equal fractional deficits from the
primary fission isotopes U, Pu, U, and Pu.
Based on measured IBD yield variations, yields of and cm/fission have been determined for the two
dominant fission parent isotopes U and Pu. A 7.8% discrepancy
between the observed and predicted U yield suggests that this isotope
may be the primary contributor to the reactor antineutrino anomaly.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Improved Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay
A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the
Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were
generated by six 2.9~GW nuclear reactors and detected by eight
antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (560~m and 600~m flux-weighted
baselines) and one far (1640~m flux-weighted baseline) underground experimental
halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay (IBD)
candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured,
and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be
() for the Huber+Mueller (ILL+Vogel) model. A 2.9~
deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to
the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4-6~MeV
was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4~.
A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted
for model-independent predictions.Comment: version published in Chinese Physics
Cosmogenic neutron production at Daya Bay
Neutrons produced by cosmic ray muons are an important background for underground experiments studying neutrino oscillations, neutrinoless double beta decay, dark matter, and other rare-event signals. A measurement of the neutron yield in the three different experimental halls of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment at varying depth is reported. The neutron yield in Daya Bay’s liquid scintillator is measured to be Yn = (10.26 ± 0.86) × 10−5 , (10.22 ± 0.87)
× 10−5, and (17.03 ± 1.22) × 10−5μ − 1 g− 1 cm2 at depths of 250, 265, and 860 meters-water-equivalent. These results are compared to other measurements and the simulated neutron yield in Fluka and Geant4. A global fit including the Daya Bay measurements yields a power law coefficient of 0.77 ± 0.03 for the dependence of the neutron yield on muon energy
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