Effect of high and low glycaemic index recovery diets on intramuscular lipid oxidation during aerobic exercise

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and plasma NEFA are important skeletal muscle fuel sources. By raising blood insulin concentrations, carbohydrate ingestion inhibits lypolysis and reduces circulating NEFA. We hypothesised that differences in the postprandial glycaemic and insulin response to carbohydrates (i.e. glycaemic index; GI) could alter NEFA availability and IMCL use during subsequent exercise. Endurance-trained individuals (n 7) cycled for 90 min at 70 % V?O2peak and then consumed either high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI) meals over the following 12 h. The following day after an overnight fast, the 90 min cycle was repeated. IMCL content of the vastus lateralis was quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after exercise. Blood samples were collected at 15 min intervals throughout exercise and analysed for NEFA, glycerol, glucose, insulin, and lactate. Substrate oxidation was calculated from expired air samples. The 90 min cycle resulted in >2-fold greater reduction in IMCL in the HGI trial (3·5 (sem 1·0) mm/kg wet weight) than the LGI trial (1·6 (sem 0·3) mm/kg wet weight, P < 0·05). During exercise, NEFA availability was reduced in the HGI trial compared to the LGI trial (area under curve 2·36 (sem 0·14) mEq/l per h v. 3·14 (sem 0·28) mEq/l per h, P < 0·05 respectively). No other differences were significant. The findings suggest that HGI carbohydrates reduce NEFA availability during exercise and increase reliance on IMCL as a substrate source during moderate intensity exercise

The Current Status of Historical Preservation Law in Regularory Takings Jurisprudence: Has the Lucas Missile Dismantled Preservation Programs?

This paper describes our NIHRIO system for SemEval-2018 Task 3 "Irony detection in English tweets". We propose to use a simple neural network architecture of Multilayer Perceptron with various types of input features including: lexical, syntactic, semantic and polarity features.  Our system achieves very high performance in both subtasks of binary and multi-class irony detection in tweets. In particular, we rank at fifth in terms of the accuracy metric and the F1 metric. Our code is available at: https://github.com/NIHRIO/IronyDetectionInTwitte

Project Extranets : b a strategic necessity or a tool for competitive advantage?

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.Vitae.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).An exploratory study was conducted to determine the strategic advantage that firms may gain by using project extranets on real estate development projects. Eight organizations were interviewed to determine their priorities, risk preferences, and needs regarding project communication technologies. Interviews were conducted with Corporate Owner/Occupiers, Owner/Non Occupiers, and Institutional Owner/Occupiers. The hypothesis tested was that owners and developers of real estate were looking to use project extranets to gain a competitive advantage. Research results indicated a resounding 'no' to our hypothesis. No owners or developers are currently looking at extranets as a source of competitive advantage at this time. However, the research data did provide insights into what is necessary for the technology to deliver for organizations to view a project extranet as a source of competitive advantage in the future. Owners were segmented into categories based on risk profile and needs regarding project extranets. Corporate Owner/Occupiers with real estate support needed assistance with predictability and execution. Corporate Owner/Occupiers of Manufacturing operations needed increases in speed. Institutional Owner/Occupiers needed certainty. Finally Owner/Non-Occupiers needed mitigation of market risks.by Ryan Carley [and] Matthew Robinson.S.M

Effects of Community Exercise Therapy on Metabolic, Brain, Physical, and Cognitive Function Following Stroke : A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

© The Author(s) 2014.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Audio Intersectionality: Self-Identification Within the Processes of Interdisciplinary Explorations In Sound, Music, and Performance

I have been searching the last decade for theoretical foundations and balance that demarcates my years of contemplating and demonstrating the variety of sound manipulations, innovations, and performance strategies that have engaged my cognitive and corporeal existence. Audio Intersectionality has become the framework, the contemporary theory that I am actively applying to interrogate, challenge, and resolve instances of hypermasculinity, racialization, gendering, sexualization, and other modes of classification through sound, music, and other variances of performance and audio maneuvering. I have come to realize that marginalized communities of color, especially but not singularly, queer communities of color, have been using sound, music, and performance as strategies of resistance and platforms of activism intrinsically. Over the last twenty-five years, particularly in African, African American (Black) Studies, Queer Black Studies, and Transgender of Color Studies, scholarly work has been duly dedicated to the power of performance as a vehicle to cultural, social, political, and educational self-determination for marginalized folk of color globally. The four sub-contexts of Audio Intersectionality that include Audio Assigning, Trans Audio, Audio Racialization, and Audio Confrontation encompass approaches of sound/action-based resistances capable of propelling creator, listener, and audience into alternative realms of existence in which to reevaluate constricting systems of oppression.</p

Editorial: being out of shape may impact more than your figure

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145511/1/apt14915_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145511/2/apt14915.pd

Bioreactance is a reliable method for estimating cardiac output at rest and during exercise

Background: Bioreactance is a novel noninvasive method for cardiac output measurement that involves analysis of blood flow-dependent changes in phase shifts of electrical currents applied across the thorax. The present study evaluated the test-retest reliability of bioreactance for assessing haemodynamic variables at rest and during exercise. Methods: 22 healthy subjects (26 (4) yrs) performed an incremental cycle ergometer exercise protocol relative to their individual power output at maximal O2 consumption (Wmax) on two separate occasions (trials 1 and 2). Participants cycled for five 3 min stages at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 90% Wmax. Haemodynamic and cardiorespiratory variables were assessed at rest and continuously during the exercise protocol. Results: Cardiac output was not significantly different between trials at rest (P=0.948), or between trials at any stage of the exercise protocol (all P>0.30). There was a strong relationship between cardiac output estimates between the trials (ICC=0.95, P0.15), and strong relationships between trials were found (ICC=0.83, P<0.001). Conclusions: The bioreactance method demonstrates good test-retest reliability for estimating cardiac output at rest and during different stages of graded exercise testing including maximal exertion

The effect of age on the relationship between cardiac and vascular function

Age-related changes in cardiac and vascular function are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to define the effect of age on the relationship between cardiac and vascular function. Haemodynamic and gas exchange measurements were performed at rest and peak exercise in healthy individuals. Augmentation index was measured at rest. Cardiac power output, a measure of overall cardiac function, was calculated as the product of cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. Augmentation index was significantly higher in older than younger participants (27.7 ± 10.1 vs. 2.5 ± 10.1%, P < 0.01). Older people demonstrated significantly higher stroke volume and mean arterial blood pressure (P < 0.05), but lower heart rate (145 ± 13 vs. 172 ± 10 beats/min, P < 0.01) and peak oxygen consumption (22.5 ± 5.2 vs. 41.2 ± 8.4 ml/kg/min, P < 0.01). There was a significant negative relationship between augmentation index and peak exercise cardiac power output (r = −0.73, P = 0.02) and cardiac output (r = −0.69, P = 0.03) in older participants. Older people maintain maximal cardiac function due to increased stroke volume. Vascular function is a strong predictor of overall cardiac function in older but in not younger people

Exercise Induces Peripheral Muscle But Not Cardiac Adaptations After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Objective To explore the physiological factors affecting exercise-induced changes in peak oxygen consumption and function poststroke. Design Single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled pilot trial. Setting Community stroke services. Participants Adults (N=40; age>50y; independent with/without stick) with stroke (diagnosed >6mo previously) were recruited from 117 eligible participants. Twenty participants were randomized to the intervention group and 20 to the control group. No dropouts or adverse events were reported. Interventions Intervention group: 19-week (3times/wk) progressive mixed (aerobic/strength/balance/flexibility) community group exercise program. Control group: Matched duration home stretching program. Main Outcome Measures (1) Pre- and postintervention: maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with noninvasive (bioreactance) cardiac output measurements; and (2) functional outcome measures: 6-minute walk test; timed Up and Go test, and Berg Balance Scale. Results Exercise improved peak oxygen consumption (18±5 to 21±5mL/(kg⋅min); P<.01) and peak arterial-venous oxygen difference (9.2±2.7 to 11.4±2.9mL of O2/100mL of blood; P<.01), but did not alter cardiac output (17.2±4 to 17.7±4.2L/min; P=.44) or cardiac power output (4.8±1.3 to 5.0±1.35W; P=.45). A significant relation existed between change in peak oxygen consumption and change in peak arterial-venous oxygen difference (r=.507; P<.05), but not with cardiac output. Change in peak oxygen consumption did not strongly correlate with change in function. Conclusions Exercise induced peripheral muscle, but not cardiac output, adaptations after stroke. Implications for stroke clinical care should be explored further in a broader cohort