Flock-level seroprevalence against avian pneumovirus amongst uruguayan broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to estimate the true prevalence of seropositive broiler chickens against avian pneumovirus at flock-level in Uruguay, using the Rogan-Gladen estimator in conjunction with Bayesian inference. A total of 181 pooled samples (consisting of 10 individual-chicken sera each) from the study area were examined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All individual-chicken samples in the pools were also examined with the same assay. Forty-four pools were classified as test positive, because they included at least one individual-chicken classified as positive. The estimates for the deterministic (Rogan-Gladen approach) and stochastic (Bayesian approach) true prevalence were 30.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.8-35.0%] and 31.4% (95% CI: 15.4-49.5%), respectively.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Assessing the seroprevalence against avian pneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broilers in Uruguay

The objective of this study was to estimate the true prevalence of individual chickens serologically test-positive against avian pneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Uruguay. Seventeen different broiler farms existed in three different provinces in Uruguay were recruited and the 1861 broilers were investigated. Individual-chicken sera were analyzed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall true seroprevalence was 1.9% [95% Bayesian Credible Interval (BCI): <1-7.4%] and less than 0.1% (95% BCI: 0-<0.1%) against avian pneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, respectively. The result seroprevalence was relatively lower than that reported by other authors in a neighbouring country Argentina where the infection of these diseases was recently observed. This difference was discussed.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Flock-level seroprevalence against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale among broilers in Uruguay

The objective of this study was to estimate the true prevalence of seropositive broiler flocks against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Uruguay, South America. Seventeen farms of broiler chickens greater than 35 days of age were studied. The field investigation was conducted between October 2008 and April 2009. Individual-chicken sera and pooled sera (containing 10 individual-chicken sera each) were analyzed using a commercial ELISA for the detection of antibody against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in chicken serum. A total of 181 pooled samples from the study area representing 17 farms were examined. Fifty-four pools were classified as test positive, because they included at least one individual-chicken classified as positive. On the basis of deterministic approach, the estimates for the apparent prevalence and true prevalence at flock-level were 30% and 17%, respectively. The true prevalence estimate with the Bayesian model (stochastic approach) was slightly lower and having wider confidence intervals [11% (95% CI: 0%-32%)].Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Comparison of the management characteristics of sero-positive and negative chickens against avian pneumovirus in Uruguay

The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors, especially for management characteristics associated with the seropositivity of avian pneumovirus in broiler chickens Uruguay. Seventeen farms of broiler chickens (35 days of age) were studied from October 2008 to April 2009, comprised data collection through questionnaire intetviews for each study farm, in combination with blood sample collections for each chicken (n = 1861). Sera were analyzed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to describe the differences between the two chicken groups categorized according to seropositivity. Percentages of test positive were highly variable between the study farms (0.81%) on the basis of different sample sizes (30-224) The final multivariate logistic regression model indicated that five different study farms were less likely to have seropositive-chickens against avian pneumovirus compared with the reference farm (81% of test positive). Chickens introduced from the two unique hatcheries were less likely to be seropositive in comparison with chickens with no hatchery information.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The effect of diamagnetic drift on motion of the dayside magnetopause reconnection line

Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause occurs with a large density asymmetry and for a large range of magnetic shears. In these conditions, a motion of the X line has been predicted in the direction of the electron diamagnetic drift. When this motion is super Alfvenic, reconnection should be suppressed. We analysed a large data set of Double Star TC-1 dayside magnetopause crossings, which includes reconnection and nonreconnection events. Moreover, it also includes several events during which TC-1 is near the X line. With these close events, we verified the diamagnetic suppression condition with local observations near the X line. Moreover, with the same close events, we also studied the motion of the X line along the magnetopause. It is found that, when reconnection is not suppressed, the X line moves northward or southward according to the orientation of the guide field, which is related to the interplanetary magnetic field BY component, in agreement with the diamagnetic drift

Salmonelosis: uno de los agentes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos que desafía a la industria avícola

Las Salmonellas son un numeroso grupo de bacterias que integra la familia Enterobactereaceae. Actualmente se las clasifican dentro de dos especies Entérica y Bongori, aunque se discute sobre el reconocimiento de una tercera. En el caso de Entérica se reconocen además seis diferentes subespecies y dentro de ellas, serovariedades. A continuación se listan las subespecies de Entérica y entre paréntesis las serovariedades que la integran: entérica (1.547), salamae (513), arizonae (100), diarizonae (341), houtenae (73) e índica (13), totalizando 2.587. En el caso de Bongori se ubican como serovariedades 23, por lo que en total final se eleva a 2.610, número que varía con frecuencia con la descripción de nuevos integrantes. Otro criterio utilizado en la descripción de Salmonella es si poseen especificidad por un huésped determinado y su capacidad de invasión: 1) Adaptadas al huésped e invasivas 2) No adaptadas al huésped e Invasivas 3) No adaptadas al huésped y no invasivas Son precisamente las del segundo grupo las que plantean un gran desafío a la industria avícola por poder provenir de una gran variedad de fuentes que hacen muy difícil su control. Son un problema permanente que compromete la inocuidad de los alimentos de origen aviar sean estos carne o huevo.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria (ANAV

Salmonelosis: uno de los agentes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos que desafía a la industria avícola

Las Salmonellas son un numeroso grupo de bacterias que integra la familia Enterobactereaceae. Actualmente se las clasifican dentro de dos especies Entérica y Bongori, aunque se discute sobre el reconocimiento de una tercera. En el caso de Entérica se reconocen además seis diferentes subespecies y dentro de ellas, serovariedades. A continuación se listan las subespecies de Entérica y entre paréntesis las serovariedades que la integran: entérica (1.547), salamae (513), arizonae (100), diarizonae (341), houtenae (73) e índica (13), totalizando 2.587. En el caso de Bongori se ubican como serovariedades 23, por lo que en total final se eleva a 2.610, número que varía con frecuencia con la descripción de nuevos integrantes. Otro criterio utilizado en la descripción de Salmonella es si poseen especificidad por un huésped determinado y su capacidad de invasión: 1) Adaptadas al huésped e invasivas 2) No adaptadas al huésped e Invasivas 3) No adaptadas al huésped y no invasivas Son precisamente las del segundo grupo las que plantean un gran desafío a la industria avícola por poder provenir de una gran variedad de fuentes que hacen muy difícil su control. Son un problema permanente que compromete la inocuidad de los alimentos de origen aviar sean estos carne o huevo.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria (ANAV

Salmonelosis: uno de los agentes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos que desafía a la industria avícola

Las Salmonellas son un numeroso grupo de bacterias que integra la familia Enterobactereaceae. Actualmente se las clasifican dentro de dos especies Entérica y Bongori, aunque se discute sobre el reconocimiento de una tercera. En el caso de Entérica se reconocen además seis diferentes subespecies y dentro de ellas, serovariedades. A continuación se listan las subespecies de Entérica y entre paréntesis las serovariedades que la integran: entérica (1.547), salamae (513), arizonae (100), diarizonae (341), houtenae (73) e índica (13), totalizando 2.587. En el caso de Bongori se ubican como serovariedades 23, por lo que en total final se eleva a 2.610, número que varía con frecuencia con la descripción de nuevos integrantes. Otro criterio utilizado en la descripción de Salmonella es si poseen especificidad por un huésped determinado y su capacidad de invasión: 1) Adaptadas al huésped e invasivas 2) No adaptadas al huésped e Invasivas 3) No adaptadas al huésped y no invasivas Son precisamente las del segundo grupo las que plantean un gran desafío a la industria avícola por poder provenir de una gran variedad de fuentes que hacen muy difícil su control. Son un problema permanente que compromete la inocuidad de los alimentos de origen aviar sean estos carne o huevo.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria (ANAV