100 research outputs found
LâĂ©lectorat fĂ©minin face aux options constitutionnelles : un groupe fragmentĂ©
Cet article a pour objectif dâidentifier quelques-uns des traits qui caractĂ©risent les positions des femmes du QuĂ©bec face aux options constitutionnelles telles que posĂ©es Ă lâoccasion du rĂ©fĂ©rendum de 1995. Lâanalyse repose sur deux axes. Le premier axe privilĂ©gie la comparaison femmes-hommes. Il repose sur lâidĂ©e que lâon ne peut penser les femmes et les hommes comme des catĂ©gories Ă©lectorales radicalement distinctes et polarisĂ©es. Le second axe privilĂ©gie la comparaison entre les femmes favorables Ă la souverainetĂ© du QuĂ©bec et celles qui rejettent une telle perspective. Il repose sur lâhypothĂšse que les femmes ne constituent pas un bloc monolithique dans leurs rapports avec les options constitutionnelles au QuĂ©bec. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cet article proviennent dâun sondage original effectuĂ© en avril 1997.This article aims to identify some of the dominant characteristics of women's positions toward constitutional options during the 1995 referendum. This analysis presents two comparative dimensions: the first compares men and women and rests on the assumption that men and women cannot be analysed as completely distinct and polarized electoral categories. A second dimension compares women who support sovereignty with those who oppose it and rests on the hypothesis that women do not form a homogeneous block in terms of their relations with constitutional options. Results presented in this article were obtained through a survey conducted in April 1997 with a sample of 1 073 respondents
Conception dâoutils dâĂ©chafaudage numĂ©riques et analyse de leur influence sur le processus de rĂ©solution de problĂšmes complexes auprĂšs des apprenants universitaires en gestion
La rĂ©solution de problĂšmes complexes (RPC) est une compĂ©tence du 21e siĂšcle essentielle chez les gestionnaires. Or, bien que les programmes en gestion visent Ă dĂ©velopper cette compĂ©tence, de nombreux diplĂŽmĂ©s rĂ©cents Ă©prouvent des lacunes lorsquâils arrivent sur le marchĂ© du travail. Si leur manque de connaissances disciplinaires et leur faible niveau de compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives peuvent les expliquer en partie, ces lacunes sont aussi possiblement attribuables aux mĂ©thodes pĂ©dagogiques couramment utilisĂ©es en gestion, qui nâenseignent pas explicitement un processus de RPC.
ConsidĂ©rant lâimportance dâenseigner explicitement une dĂ©marche gĂ©nĂ©rale de RPC et le dĂ©veloppement des compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives, cette recherche est fondĂ©e sur la thĂ©orie de lâĂ©chafaudage. Ainsi, des outils dâĂ©chafaudage numĂ©riques visant Ă assister temporairement les apprenants, afin quâils puissent internaliser un processus de RPC et dĂ©velopper leurs compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives, ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s Ă une application numĂ©rique utilisĂ©e par des apprenants de 1er cycle universitaire en gestion.
Cette recherche mixte a permis dâĂ©valuer lâinfluence de ces outils dâĂ©chafaudage numĂ©riques sur lâapprentissage de la RPC et le dĂ©veloppement de compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives, de comprendre leur influence durant le processus de rĂ©solution, et de dĂ©crire lâintention dâutilisation des apprenants. Les rĂ©sultats quantitatifs montrent que lâaccĂšs aux outils a amĂ©liorĂ© la performance de RPC Ă une reprise et soutenu le dĂ©veloppement de la compĂ©tence mĂ©tacognitive de planification. Les rĂ©sultats qualitatifs suggĂšrent que les apprenants considĂ©raient que les outils les aidaient Ă amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© de leurs Ă©valuations, mais ils ne percevaient pas quâils visaient aussi Ă dĂ©velopper leurs compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives.
Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que ces apprenants peuvent ĂȘtre qualifiĂ©s de novices quant Ă leur compĂ©tence de RPC. En effet, ils semblent accorder un temps insuffisant Ă lâanalyse de la situation problĂšme, nâĂ©valuent pas les autres solutions possibles, ne considĂšrent pas les consĂ©quences nĂ©gatives de leur solution et mobilisent peu leurs compĂ©tences mĂ©tacognitives de monitoring et dâautocontrĂŽle et dâautoĂ©valuation.
La perception dâutilitĂ© serait corrĂ©lĂ©e avec la perception de pertinence, dâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© du travail et du caractĂšre agrĂ©able des OĂN. ConsidĂ©rant la perception de facilitĂ© dâutilisation fortement Ă©levĂ©e parmi tous les participants, cela suggĂšre que lâintention dâutilisation serait principalement liĂ©e Ă la perception dâutilitĂ© Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que ces OĂN seraient davantage pertinents en formation Ă distance, plutĂŽt quâen prĂ©sentiel. Les questions incitatives influenceraient davantage le processus de RPC, comparativement Ă une liste de vĂ©rification et des vidĂ©os de solutions dâexperts.
Plusieurs recommandations ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©es pour amĂ©liorer la conception et lâusage des OĂN. Les apprenants doivent ĂȘtre formĂ©s par leur enseignant Ă utiliser les OĂN, qui doit leur montrer la pertinence et la maniĂšre de les exploiter adĂ©quatement. Les OĂN doivent offrir un niveau de soutien cognitif suffisant et constant Ă toutes les Ă©tapes de la RPC. Lâapplication doit ĂȘtre dotĂ©e de fonctionnalitĂ©s qui permettent de comprendre pourquoi les outils doivent ĂȘtre mobilisĂ©s. Les concepteurs doivent considĂ©rer les dĂ©terminants qui influencent la PU pour susciter leur usage.
En somme, bien que cette recherche comporte plusieurs limites, notamment une collecte de donnĂ©es pendant la COVID-19, elle contribue significativement Ă la littĂ©rature grĂące Ă ses recommandations visant la conception et lâusage des outils dâĂ©chafaudage numĂ©riques en enseignement supĂ©rieur.Complex problem-solving (CPS) is an essential 21st century skill for all managers. Although most of the business administration programs aim to develop this skill, many graduates still feel gaps when they enter the labour market. If their lack of content knowledge and their low level of metacognitive skills can explain in part these gaps, they might also be caused by the teaching methods commonly used in business administration education. Indeed, these methods do not demonstrate a process for CPS explicitly.
Considering the importance of teaching a CPS process explicitly and the development of metacognitive skills, this research is based on the scaffolding theory. Thus, digital scaffolds aiming at temporary assisting learners to internalize a CPS process and to develop their metacognitive skills were integrated to a digital application that has been used by undergrad students in business administration.
By using a mix method, this research evaluated the influence of these scaffolds on the learning of CPS and the development of metacognitive skills. It also contributes to understand how these scaffolds influence learners during their problem-solving process and to describe their intention of use. Quantitative results indicate that access to scaffolds improved the performance on one assessment and show that it led to the development of the planning metacognitive skill. Qualitative results suggest that learners considered that these scaffolds were helping them to improve the quality of their assessments, although they did not perceive that these tools were also designed to develop their metacognitive skills.
The results suggest that these learners can be called novices regarding their CPS skill. Indeed, they seem to allocate insufficient time to analyze the situation, they do not evaluate alternative solutions nor consider the negative consequences of their chosen solution and they insufficiently used their metacognitive skills of monitoring, self-regulation, and self-evaluation.
The perceived utility of these scaffolds seem correlated with the perceived relevance, the perceived output quality, and the perceived enjoyment of using them. Considering a high perceived ease-of-use amongst all participants, this suggests that intention of use is mostly linked to the perceived utility. The results suggest that these scaffolds are more relevant in online learning, compared to face-to-face learning. Prompts, compared to a check list and videos of expertsâ solutions, seem to have more influence on CPS process.
Several recommendations are proposed to improve the design and the use of digital scaffolds. Learners should be trained by their teacher to use them efficiently. Teachers should demonstrate their relevance and the manner that students should use them for learning purposes. Digital scaffolds should offer a sufficient cognitive support throughout the CPS process. The application should include functions that allow students to understand why these should use these tools. Designers should consider the determinants of perceived usefulness when they conceptualize scaffolds to foster their usage.
In sum, although this research has some limitations, notably a data collection done during the COVID-19 pandemic, it significantly contributes to the literature by proposing several recommendations aiming at improving the design and the use of digital scaffolds in higher education
Fractionnement de la fertilisation azotée d'appoint à la suite de l'incorporation au sol de bois raméaux fragmentés: modifications de certaines propriétés biologiques et chimiques d'un sol cultivé en pomme de terre.
En 1992 et 1993, une expérience au champ a été réalisée dans une culture de pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.). Les propriétés biologiques et chimiques du sol ont été étudiées à la suite de l'incorporation de bois raméaux fragmentés (BRF), combinée à un fractionnement de la fertilisation azotée d'appoint. La population fongique du sol a augmenté temporairement suite à l'incorporation de BRF à faible rapport C/N, alors que les populations de bactéries et d'actinomycÚtes sont demeurées stables. Les BRF n'ont pas favorisé le développement de la gale commune ni de la rhizoctonie sur les tubercules. Le carbone (C) total et la capacité de rétention en eau du sol ont augmenté avec l'apport de BRF. Par contre, les BRF n'ont pas eu d'effet sur le rapport C/N et le pH. Seule la teneur en P disponible a diminué avec l'amendement, probablement en raison de son immobilisation par les microorganismes. Le fractionnement de la fertilisation azotée d'appoint a eu peu d'effet sur les propriétés chimiques du sol. Cependant, il a réduit l'incidence de la gale commune sur les tubercules en 1992. L'amendement en BRF combiné à un fractionnement de la fertilisation azotée d'appoint a donc amélioré l'activité biologique et augmenté la teneur en C total du sol à court terme. Mots clés: Bois raméaux fragmentés, fractionnement azoté, population fongique, biomasse microbienne, immobilisation, phosphoreA field experiment was conducted in 1992 and 1993 in a potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). Biological and chemical
soil properties were investigated following incorporation of chipped ramial wood (chipped fine branchwood) combined with split
applications of supplementary N fertilizer. Fungal populations showed a a temporary increase following incorporation of low C/N
chipped wood, whereas bacteria and actinomycete populations remained unchanged. Chipped ramial wood did not induce development
of common scab or rhizoctonia on tubers. Soil total carbon (C) and water-holding capacity increased with inputs of chipped
wood but C/N ratio and pH were not affected. Only available P content decreased following incorporation of chipped wood, likely
due to immobilization by microorganisms. Splitting supplementary N fertilizer showed little effect on soil chemical properties,
but it reduced the incidence of common scab on tubers in 1992. Soil amendment with chipped ramial wood in combination with
split N applications improved biological activity and caused a short-term increase of total C
The bile duct ligated rat : a relevant model to study muscle mass loss in cirrhosis
Muscle mass loss and hepatic encephalopathy (complex neuropsychiatric disorder) are serious complications of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) which impact negatively on clinical outcome and quality of life and increase mortality. Liver disease leads to hyperammonemia and ammonia toxicity is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the effects of ammonia are not brain-specific and therefore may also affect other organs and tissues including muscle. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in chronic liver disease remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized body composition as well as muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic rats with hepatic encephalopathy using the 6-week bile duct ligation (BDL) model which recapitulates the main features of cirrhosis. Compared to sham-operated control animals, BDL rats display significant decreased gain in body weight, altered body composition, decreased gastrocnemius muscle mass and circumference as well as altered muscle morphology. Muscle protein synthesis was also significantly reduced in BDL rats compared to control animals. These findings demonstrate that the 6-week BDL experimental rat is a relevant model to study liver disease-induced muscle mass loss
Impacts des traitements et processus de rétablissement chez les jeunes toxicomanes québécois
Depuis les annĂ©es 2000, on estime que de 5 % Ă 8 % des jeunes QuĂ©bĂ©cois Ă©prouvent des difficultĂ©s importantes de consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA), ce qui pose la question cruciale des traitements de ces problĂšmes. Cet article propose dâabord un survol des principaux services offerts aux jeunes et des facteurs, liĂ©s ou non au traitement, pouvant expliquer les changements dans le processus de rĂ©tablissement des jeunes toxicomanes quĂ©bĂ©cois. La prĂ©sentation de cinq Ă©tudes dirigĂ©es par les auteurs du prĂ©sent article permet une certaine rĂ©flexion sur les services offerts aux jeunes QuĂ©bĂ©cois ayant un problĂšme de consommation de SPA. Il ressort, notamment, quâune diminution de la consommation de SPA survient dans les six Ă douze mois suivant lâadmission des jeunes dans lâun des traitements. Il ne sâagit gĂ©nĂ©ralement pas dâune abstinence complĂšte, ce qui nâest dâailleurs pas visĂ© par la plupart des jeunes en traitement. Des changements dans dâautres sphĂšres de leur vie, les occupations par exemple, sont aussi observables. Les rĂ©sultats sur la santĂ© psychologique sont plus mitigĂ©s. La satisfaction des jeunes face Ă ces traitements semble gĂ©nĂ©ralement positive. Parmi les facteurs de changements identifiĂ©s par les jeunes, on retrouve notamment lâalliance thĂ©rapeutique, le contexte de traitement en groupe, le soutien parental, la frĂ©quentation de pairs conformistes et des activitĂ©s sportives ou artistiques alternatives Ă la consommation. Les rĂ©sultats sur les trajectoires permettent de constater que plusieurs types de trajectoire de rĂ©adaptation existent, que le succĂšs du traitement ne prend pas nĂ©cessairement la forme dâune abstinence et surtout pas dâune abstinence dĂ©finitive et que les trajectoires sont sinueuses.Since the early 2000s, it has been estimated that between 5% and 8% of Quebec youths have serious psychoactive substance (PAS) use problems, which raises the key issue of treatment for these problems. This article begins with an overview of the main services offered to youths and of the factors, related or not to treatment, that could explain the changes in the rehabilitation process for young Quebec addicts. The presentation of five studies conducted by the authors of this article provides the opportunity to reflect on the services offered to young Quebecers with PAS use problems. The studies show, notably, that youthsâ PAS use improves within six to twelve months following their entry into one of the treatments. Total abstinence is not usually involved, nor is it the goal for most youths when they enter treatment. Changes in other spheres of their lives, their occupations for example, are also noted. Results concerning psychological health are more mitigated. Youthsâ satisfaction with these treatments appears generally positive. Change factors identified by the youths include the therapeutic alliance, treatment in a group setting, parental support, associating with conformist peers as well as sports or artistic activities as alternatives to PAS use. Results regarding the trajectories show that there are several types of rehabilitation trajectories, that treatment success does not necessarily take the form of abstinence, especially not permanent abstinence, and that the trajectories are tortuous.Desde los años 2000, se estima que de 5 a 8 % de los jĂłvenes quebequenses manifiestan dificultades importantes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA), lo que plantea la cuestiĂłn crucial de los tratamientos para dichos problemas. Este artĂculo propone en primer lugar un panorama de los principales servicios que se ofrecen a los jĂłvenes y los factores, relacionados o no con el tratamiento, que pueden explicar los cambios en el proceso de restablecimiento de los jĂłvenes toxicĂłmanos quebequenses. La presentaciĂłn de cinco estudios dirigidos por los autores del presente artĂculo permite realizar una cierta reflexiĂłn sobre los servicios que se ofrecen a los jĂłvenes quebequenses que presentan un problema de consumo de SPA. De esta reflexiĂłn surge principalmente que se produce una disminuciĂłn del consumo de SPA de seis a doce meses luego de la admisiĂłn de los jĂłvenes en uno de los tratamientos. No se trata en general de una abstinencia completa, lo que por otra parte no es un objetivo para la mayorĂa de los jĂłvenes en tratamiento. Se observan tambiĂ©n cambios en otras esferas de sus vidas, como en sus ocupaciones, por ejemplo. Los resultados sobre la salud psicolĂłgica son mĂĄs mitigados. La satisfacciĂłn de los jĂłvenes ante estos tratamientos parece generalmente positiva. Entre los factores de cambio identificados por los jĂłvenes, se cuentan principalmente la alianza terapĂ©utica, el contexto de tratamiento en grupo, el apoyo de los padres, la frecuentaciĂłn de pares conformistas y las actividades deportivas o artĂsticas alternativas al consumo. Los resultados referidos a las trayectorias permiten constatar que existen varios tipos de trayectorias de readaptaciĂłn, que el Ă©xito del tratamiento no toma necesariamente la forma de una abstinencia, y sobre todo no la forma de una abstinencia definitiva, y que las trayectorias son sinuosas
Renal dysfunction independently predicts muscle mass loss in patients following liver transplantation
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for cirrhosis. However, the presence of
complications can impact outcomes following LT. Sarcopenia, or muscle mass loss, is highly prevalent in patients with
cirrhosis and is associated with longer hospitalization stays and a higher infection rate post-surgery. We aimed to identify
patients at higher risk of early sarcopenia post-LT. METHODS: This retrospective study included 79 cirrhotic patients
who underwent LT. Muscle mass was evaluated using the third lumbar spine vertebra skeletal muscle mass index
(SMI) and sarcopenia was defined using established cut-off values. Computerized tomography (CT) scans performed
within six-month peri-operative period (three months pre- and post-LT) were included in the study. Complications and
comorbidities were collected and correlated to SMI post-LT and predictive models for SMI post-LT were constructed.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 46% and 62% before and after LT, respectively. Newly developed
sarcopenia was found in 42% of patients. Post-LT sarcopenia was associated with longer hospital stays (54±37 vs 29±10
days, p = 0.002), higher number of infection (3±1 vs 1±2, p = 0.027), and greater number of complications (5±2 vs 3±2,
p <0.001) compared to absence of sarcopenia. Multivariate analyses showed that the SMI post-LT was independently
associated with pre-LT renal function markers, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine (Model 1, GFR: ÎČ =
0.33; 95% CI = 0.04â0.17; p = 0.003; Model 2, Creatinine: ÎČ = â0.29; 95% CI = â0.10 to â0.02; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS:
The present study highlights the potential role of renal dysfunction in the development and persistence of sarcopenia
after LT
1081-49 T-stenting of bifurcation lesions is associated with a high incidence of stent thrombosis
Bileâduct ligation renders the brain susceptible to hypotension induced neuronal degeneration : implications of ammonia
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological complication of cirrhosis. By definition, HE is considered a reversible disorder, and therefore HE should resolve following liver transplantation (LT). However, persisting neurological complications are observed in as many as 47% of LT recipients. LT is an invasive surgical procedure accompanied with various perioperative factors such as blood loss and hypotension which could influence outcomes postâLT. We hypothesize that minimal HE (MHE) renders the brain frail and susceptible to hypotensionâinduced neuronal cell death. Sixâweek bile ductâligated (BDL) rats with MHE and respective SHAMâcontrols were used. Several degrees of hypotension (mean arterial pressure of 30, 60 and 90mmHg) were induced via blood withdrawal from the femoral artery and maintained for 120 minutes. Brains were collected for neuronal cell count and apoptotic analysis. In a separate group, BDL rats were treated for MHE with the ammoniaâlowering strategy ornithine phenylacetate (OP; MNKâ6105), administered orally (1g/kg) for 3 weeks before induction of hypotension. Hypotension 30 and 60mmHg (not 90mmHg) significantly decreased neuronal marker expression (NeuN) and cresyl violet staining in the frontal cortex compared to respective hypotensive SHAMâoperated controls as well as nonâhypotensive BDL rats. Neuronal degeneration was associated with an increase in cleaved caspaseâ3, suggesting the mechanism of cell death was apoptotic. OP treatment attenuated hyperammonemia, improved anxiety and activity, and protected the brain against hypotensionâinduced neuronal cell death. Our findings demonstrate that rats with chronic liver disease and MHE are more susceptible to hypotensionâinduced neuronal cell degeneration. This highlights MHE at the time of LT is a risk factor for poor neurological outcome postâtransplant and that treating for MHE preâLT might reduce this risk
Participation sociale de jeunes adultes ayant un trouble de lâacquisition de la coordination (TAC) et exploration de leurs besoins en termes de ressources dâinformation
ProblĂ©matique : Le trouble de l'acquisition de la coordination (TAC) affecte la rĂ©alisation de nombreuses habitudes de vie, autant chez l'enfant que chez lâadulte. Toutefois, peu dâĂ©tudes ont dĂ©crit les dĂ©fis vĂ©cus par les jeunes adultes et aucune nâa examinĂ© leurs besoins en termes de ressources dâinformation. Cette Ă©tude exploratoire vise Ă identifier les principaux dĂ©fis liĂ©s Ă la participation sociale des jeunes adultes ayant un TAC ainsi que les ressources dâinformation pouvant les aider.
MĂ©thodologie : Des jeunes adultes, ĂągĂ©s entre 18 et 25 ans et ayant un TAC, ainsi que des parents de jeunes adultes correspondant Ă ces critĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© recrutĂ©s. Un questionnaire inspirĂ© de la Mesure des habitudes de vie (MHAVIE) abrĂ©gĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© en collaboration avec l'Association QuĂ©bĂ©coise pour les Enfants Dyspraxiques (AQED). Les donnĂ©es obtenues ont Ă©tĂ© interprĂ©tĂ©es Ă l'aide de mĂ©dianes et dâĂ©tendues, et dâune analyse thĂ©matique.
RĂ©sultat : Trois jeunes adultes et trois parents ont participĂ© Ă cette Ă©tude. Le travail est ressorti dans les habitudes de vie les plus atteintes, tant chez les jeunes adultes que chez les parents. Les habitudes de vie les moins satisfaisantes Ă©taient les dĂ©placements selon les jeunes adultes, et le travail et lâhabitation selon les parents. Concernant les ressources d'information, les consĂ©quences possibles du TAC sur la santĂ© mentale et les stratĂ©gies pour faciliter l'intĂ©gration aux Ă©tudes et au travail ont Ă©tĂ© priorisĂ©es par les jeunes adultes et les parents. Le site Internet Ă©tait la modalitĂ© prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©e par les jeunes adultes, tandis que les parents privilĂ©giaient le groupe de discussion.
Discussion : MalgrĂ© le petit Ă©chantillon, cette Ă©tude a permis dâexplorer, pour une premiĂšre fois au QuĂ©bec, la participation sociale de jeunes adultes ayant un TAC et leurs besoins en termes de ressources dâinformation. Ces connaissances permettront de dĂ©velopper une ressource dâinformation mieux adaptĂ©e Ă cette Ă©tape de vie, en collaboration avec lâAQED.Abstract : Problematic: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects the realization of many life habits, both with children and adults. However, few studies have described the challenges faced by young adults and none have examined their needs in terms of information resources. The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify the main challenges related to the social participation of young adults with a DCD as well as the information resources that can help them. Methodology: Young adults, aged between 18 and 25 with a DCD, and parents of young adults meeting these criteria were recruited. A survey inspired by the Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H) was developed in collaboration with the Quebec Association for Dyspraxic Children. The data obtained was interpreted using medians and scopes, and a thematic analysis. Results: Three young adults and three parents participated in this study. Work came up in the most affected life habits of both young adults and parents. The least satisfactory life habits were travel by young adults, and work and housing by parents. Concerning information resources, young adults and parents prioritize the potential consequences of DCD on mental health and strategies to facilitate integration into school and work. The website was the preferred modality for young adults, while the parents favoured the focus group. Discussion: Despite the small sample, this study explored, for the first time in Quebec, the social participation of young adults with a DCD and their needs in terms of information resources. In collaboration with the Quebec Association for Dyspraxic Children, this knowledge will allow to develop an information resource better adapted to this stage of life
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