Die deutsche Version des Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2)

Die deutsche Version des Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2) erfasst die Big Five Persönlichkeitseigenschaften Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Negative Emotionalität (früher: Neurotizismus) und Offenheit mit jeweils drei Facetten. Die Skala basiert auf dem Big Five Inventory 2 von Christopher Soto und Oliver John. Die Items wurden in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren vom Englischen ins Deutsche übertragen. Erste empirische Untersuchungen belegen die Reliabilität und Validität der Messungen

A Genome Scan for Positive Selection in Thoroughbred Horses

Thoroughbred horses have been selected for exceptional racing performance resulting in system-wide structural and functional adaptations contributing to elite athletic phenotypes. Because selection has been recent and intense in a closed population that stems from a small number of founder animals Thoroughbreds represent a unique population within which to identify genomic contributions to exercise-related traits. Employing a population genetics-based hitchhiking mapping approach we performed a genome scan using 394 autosomal and X chromosome microsatellite loci and identified positively selected loci in the extreme tail-ends of the empirical distributions for (1) deviations from expected heterozygosity (Ewens-Watterson test) in Thoroughbred (n = 112) and (2) global differentiation among four geographically diverse horse populations (FST). We found positively selected genomic regions in Thoroughbred enriched for phosphoinositide-mediated signalling (3.2-fold enrichment; P<0.01), insulin receptor signalling (5.0-fold enrichment; P<0.01) and lipid transport (2.2-fold enrichment; P<0.05) genes. We found a significant overrepresentation of sarcoglycan complex (11.1-fold enrichment; P<0.05) and focal adhesion pathway (1.9-fold enrichment; P<0.01) genes highlighting the role for muscle strength and integrity in the Thoroughbred athletic phenotype. We report for the first time candidate athletic-performance genes within regions targeted by selection in Thoroughbred horses that are principally responsible for fatty acid oxidation, increased insulin sensitivity and muscle strength: ACSS1 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1), ACTA1 (actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle), ACTN2 (actinin, alpha 2), ADHFE1 (alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1), MTFR1 (mitochondrial fission regulator 1), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4) and TNC (tenascin C). Understanding the genetic basis for exercise adaptation will be crucial for the identification of genes within the complex molecular networks underlying obesity and its consequential pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we propose Thoroughbred as a novel in vivo large animal model for understanding molecular protection against metabolic disease

Emotional sounds guide visual attention to emotional pictures: An eye-tracking study with audio-visual stimuli

For the realm of visual cues, it has been well documented that attention is preferentially oriented toward emotionally relevant cues. Preliminary evidence suggests that emotional cues from other sensory modalities may also steer visual attention toward emotional pictures. However, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that are involved. Therefore, a novel design was used to investigate whether emotional sounds promote attentional orientation toward emotional pictures. To this end, 48 participants viewed pairs of pictures with either neutral or unpleasant content in a free-viewing paradigm. In addition, neutral or unpleasant sounds were presented either on the left-hand or on the right-hand side of the monitor. Eye movements were recorded as an index of visual spatial attention toward the pictures. Most interestingly, position and valence of the sounds independently modulated visual orienting towards unpleasant pictures. For initial capture and sustained attention, orienting towards unpleasant pictures was significantly enhanced when any sound was heard on the same side as the unpleasant picture. In addition, unpleasant sounds (irrespective of the side) boosted leftward bias of initial attention toward emotionally congruent pictures. Taken together, this study clearly shows that emotional auditory cues guide visual spatial allocation of attention specifically to emotionally congruent pictures

Fieldwork Meets Crisis

Behrend A, Kirsch T, Nguyen M, et al., eds. Fieldwork Meets Crisis. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology. 2022;147(1/2)

Special issue introduction "Fieldwork Meets Crisis"

Göpfert M, Behrend A, Kirsch T, et al. Special issue introduction "Fieldwork Meets Crisis". Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology. 2022;147(1/2):1-12

Fieldwork Meets Crisis

Behrends A, Göpfert M, Kirsch T, et al., eds. Fieldwork Meets Crisis. Boasblogs. Boasblogs; 2020