TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION RISK: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Digital transformation research and industry adoption has been on the rise over the past decade with the majority of organisations viewing it as critical to their survival over the next five years. However, in spite of the benefits of digital transformation, it presents a clear but paradoxical risk to organisations such as the requirement to develop innovative products and services while maintaining a stable customer and employee experience. With an estimated 90% of digital transformation projects resulting in failures, several calls have emerged from within the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) and the wider academy for research exploring digital transformation risks and the methodologies to manage them (Munns et al., 2022; Rowland et al., 2022). This article presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of 117 papers from high quality information systems (IS) research outlets. This research identifies six major risks that must be identified, monitored and evaluated to enable digital transformation success. These risks encompass the culture, organisation, processes, and technologies being transformed, along with the stakeholders involved in the initiative, and the overall digital transformation strategy being developed

Gas-phase degradation of the herbicide ethalfluralin under atmospheric conditions

International audienceThe gas-phase degradation of ethalfluralin, N-ethyl-a,a,a-trifluoro-N-(2-methylallyl)-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine,a widely used herbicide, was investigated under atmospheric conditions at the large outdoor Europeansimulation chamber (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The photolysis of ethalfluralin was investigatedunder solar radiation and the mean photolysis rate coefficient was determined: J(ethalfluralin)= (1.3 ± 0.2) 103 s1 (JNO2 = 8 103 s1). The rate coefficients for the reactions of hydroxyl radicalsand ozone with ethalfluralin in the dark were also measured under atmospheric conditions usingthe relative rate and the absolute rate technique, respectively. The rate coefficients values for the reactionsof kOH(ethalfluralin) = (3.5 ± 0.9) 1011 cm3 molecule1 s1, and kO3(ethalfluralin)= (1.6 ± 0.4) 1017 cm3 molecule1 s1 were determined at 300 ± 5 K and atmospheric pressure.The results show that removal of ethalfluralin from the atmosphere by reactions with OH radicals(s 4 h) or ozone (s 25 h) is slow compared to loss by photolysis. The available kinetic data suggestthat the gas-phase tropospheric degradation of ethalfluralin will be controlled mainly by photolysisand provide an estimate for the tropospheric lifetime of approximately 12 min. The atmospheric implicationsof using ethalfluralin as a herbicide are discussed

Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH radicals with the keto/enol tautomers of 2,4-pentanedione and 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione, allyl alcohol and methyl vinyl ketone using the enols and methyl nitrite as photolytic sources of OH

International audienc

1,1,1,3,3,-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc): Atmospheric degradation and contribution to radiative forcing

The rate constant for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) has been determined over the temperature range 278–323K using a relative rate technique. The results provide a value of k(OH+CF3CH2CF2CH3)=2.0×10−12exp(−1750±400/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 based on k(OH+CH3CCl3)=1.8×10−12 exp (−1550±150/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the rate constant of the reference reaction. Assuming the major atmospheric removal process is via reaction with OH in the troposphere, the rate constant data from this work gives an estimate of 10.8 years for the tropospheric lifetime of HFC-365mfc. The overall atmospheric lifetime obtained by taking into account a minor contribution from degradation in the stratosphere, is estimated to be 10.2 years. The rate constant for the reaction of Cl atoms with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane was also determined at 298±2 K using the relative rate method, k(Cl+CF3CH2CF2CH3)=(1.1±0.3)×10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The chlorine initiated photooxidation of CF3CH2CF2CH3 was investigated from 273–330 K and as a function of O2 pressure at 1 atmosphere total pressure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under all conditions the major carbon-containing products were CF2O and CO2, with smaller amounts of CF3O3CF3. In order to ascertain the relative importance of hydrogen abstraction from the (SINGLE BOND)CH2(SINGLE BOND) and (SINGLE BOND)CH3 groups in CF3CH2CF2CH3, rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with the structurally similar compounds CF3CH2CCl2F and CF3CH2CF3 were also determined at 298 K k(OH+CF3CH2CCl2F)=(8±3)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k(OH+CF3CH2CF3)=(3.5±1.5)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k(Cl+CF3CH2CCl2F)=(3.5±1.5)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1]; k(Cl+CF3CH2CF3)<1×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The results indicate that the most probable site for H-atom abstraction from CF3CH2CF2CH3 is the methyl group and that the formation of carbonyl compounds containing more than a single carbon atom will be negligible under atmospheric conditions, carbonyl difluoride and carbon dioxide being the main degradation products. Finally, accurate infrared absorption cross-sections have been measured for CF3CH2CF2CH3, and jointly used with the calculated overall atmospheric lifetime of 10.2 years, in the NCAR chemical-radiative model, to determine the radiative forcing of climate by this CFC alternative. The steady-state Halocarbon Global Warming Potential, relative to CFC-11, is 0.17. The Global Warming Potentials relative to CO2 are found to be 2210, 790, and 250, for integration time-horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe