473 research outputs found
High-Brightness Photocathode Electron Sources
Most present and future electron accelerators require bright sources.
Invented less than ten years ago, the photo-injector the principle of which is
briefly recalled, has already demonstrated that it can provide very bright
beams. In this paper, the most advanced photo-injector projects are reviewed,
their specific features are outlined, and their major issues are examined. The
state-of-the-art in photocathode and laser technologies is presented. Beam
dynamics issues are also considered since they are essential in the production
of bright beams. Finally, the question of the maturity of photo-injector
technology is addressed.Comment: PostScript uuencoded file, 18 pages, 5 figure
Laser cooling of electron beams for linear colliders
A novel method of electron beam cooling is considered which can be used for
linear colliders. The electron beam is cooled during collision with focused
powerful laser pulse. With reasonable laser parameters (laser flash energy
about 10 J) one can decrease transverse beam emittances by a factor about 10
per one stage. The ultimate transverse emittances are much below those
achievable by other methods. Beam depolarization during cooling is about 5--15
% for one stage. This method is especially useful for photon colliders and
opens new possibilities for e+e- colliders.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, v2 corresponds to the PRL paper with erratum (in
1998) include
Sedentary And Physical Activity Patterns In Adults With Intellectual Disability
Little is known about the patterns of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) levels throughout the week among adults and older adults with Intellectual Disability (ID). We analyzed ST and PA patterns of adults and older adults with ID. Forty-two adults and 42 older adults with mild to severe ID participated in this study. Height and weight were obtained to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Body fat and fat-free mass percentages were also obtained. Patterns of PA levels and ST were assessed with GT3X Actigraph accelerometers. Adults performed higher amounts of total PA and moderate to vigorous PA than older adults during the week, on weekdays and in center time (all p > 0.05). No differences between males and females were found for either PA levels or ST. Only 10.7% of the participants met the global recommendations on PA for health. The participants of the current study showed low PA levels and a high prevalence of ST. Interestingly, when comparing age and/or sex groups, no differences were observed for ST. Our findings provide novel and valuable information to be considered in future interventions aiming to increase PA levels and reduce ST
Candela photo-injector experimental results with a dispenser photocathode
International audienceThe CANDELA photo-injector is a two cell S-band photo-injector. The dispenser photocathode is illuminated by a 500 fs pulse from a frequency-tripled Ti:sapphire laser. In this paper we report charge measurements showing that the dispenser photocathode has a quantum efficiency as high as 10-3. This efficiency decreases with a lifetime of 12 hours, but can be recovered by heating the cathode for 5 minute
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