Nordic Wetland Conservation

Nordic wetlands are vital for many species of plants and animals, especially birds, but are also of great importance as sources of water for people. Wetlands also are the source of a wide range of natural products, and are increasingly sites for ecotourism.  Presenting a complete view of the status of wetland conservation in the Nordic region, this report helps increase awareness about the species and landscape richness of Nordic wetlands. This report also sets out clearly their fragility, and the numerous threats 'they face. This reference document is thus an important tool for decision makers, and all people involved in the conservation and management of these outstanding global ecosystems - important in their own right, and also as mitigation against the threats from climate change. The report concludes with recommendations based on experience gained and evaluations undertaken by scientific institutions in the Nordic countries and their partners over the past 30 years. These recommendations are principally aimed at the national bodies responsible for this work in  the Nordic countries, but also the Nordic Council of Ministers and the international Ramsar Convention Bureau in Switzerland. The preparation of this report serves as an excellent example of fruitful transboundary  collaboration between government instrumentalities dealing with environmental issues from the Nordic countries. This report also illustrates well the three "pillars" of the Ramsar Convention: working towards the wise use of wetlands, establishing a global ecological network through the development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance and encouraging international cooperation in the delivery of wetland conservation and wise use. The work has been carried out by a project group composed of experienced staff who are responsible for the matters in question at the national management institutions. The secretariat and managerial functions have been at the Directorate for Nature Management (DN) in Norway. A scientific reference group set up in Norway to support the work has been composed of Alv Ottar Folkestad, Ulstein Borough Council, lngar Öyen, Norwegian Ornithological Society, Torris Ekker, County Governor's Office in Sör-Tröndelag, Svein Karlsen, County Governor's Office in Nord- Tröndelag, and Lars Löfaldi, DN. In addition, Asbjörn Moen, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, and Peter Johan Schei, DN, have provided valuable input. Tom Christensen, Forestry and Nature Division at the Ministry of Environment and Energy has contributed information from Denmark, Gisli Mar Gislason, Department of Biology, University of Iceland, Hlynur Oskarsson, Agricultural College of Iceland, Johann Oli Hilmarsson, Einar Torleifsson and Olafur Einarsson, Icelandic Society for the Protection of Birds, and Gudridur Torvardardottir, Nature Conservation Agency, have all contributed valuable input to various parts of the section on Iceland. The final version of the Finnish contribution is the work of Esko Jakkola and Seppo Vuolanto, Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The final version of the Greenland contribution is the work og Inge Thaulow, Directorate for Nature and the Environment in Greenland. The report and its recommendations have been discussed and approved by the Nordic Working Group for Nature and Outdoor Recreation at its meeting on 8-9th August 2001. The report is also being published in separate Scandinavian (Norwegian, Swedish and Danish) and English editions.This report has been partly funded by the Ramsar Bureau in Switzerland (see separate Preface).</p

Nordic Wetland Conservation

Nordic wetlands are vital for many species of plants and animals, especially birds, but are also of great importance as sources of water for people. Wetlands also are the source of a wide range of natural products, and are increasingly sites for ecotourism.  Presenting a complete view of the status of wetland conservation in the Nordic region, this report helps increase awareness about the species and landscape richness of Nordic wetlands. This report also sets out clearly their fragility, and the numerous threats 'they face. This reference document is thus an important tool for decision makers, and all people involved in the conservation and management of these outstanding global ecosystems - important in their own right, and also as mitigation against the threats from climate change. The report concludes with recommendations based on experience gained and evaluations undertaken by scientific institutions in the Nordic countries and their partners over the past 30 years. These recommendations are principally aimed at the national bodies responsible for this work in  the Nordic countries, but also the Nordic Council of Ministers and the international Ramsar Convention Bureau in Switzerland. The preparation of this report serves as an excellent example of fruitful transboundary  collaboration between government instrumentalities dealing with environmental issues from the Nordic countries. This report also illustrates well the three "pillars" of the Ramsar Convention: working towards the wise use of wetlands, establishing a global ecological network through the development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance and encouraging international cooperation in the delivery of wetland conservation and wise use. The work has been carried out by a project group composed of experienced staff who are responsible for the matters in question at the national management institutions. The secretariat and managerial functions have been at the Directorate for Nature Management (DN) in Norway. A scientific reference group set up in Norway to support the work has been composed of Alv Ottar Folkestad, Ulstein Borough Council, lngar Öyen, Norwegian Ornithological Society, Torris Ekker, County Governor's Office in Sör-Tröndelag, Svein Karlsen, County Governor's Office in Nord- Tröndelag, and Lars Löfaldi, DN. In addition, Asbjörn Moen, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, and Peter Johan Schei, DN, have provided valuable input. Tom Christensen, Forestry and Nature Division at the Ministry of Environment and Energy has contributed information from Denmark, Gisli Mar Gislason, Department of Biology, University of Iceland, Hlynur Oskarsson, Agricultural College of Iceland, Johann Oli Hilmarsson, Einar Torleifsson and Olafur Einarsson, Icelandic Society for the Protection of Birds, and Gudridur Torvardardottir, Nature Conservation Agency, have all contributed valuable input to various parts of the section on Iceland. The final version of the Finnish contribution is the work of Esko Jakkola and Seppo Vuolanto, Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The final version of the Greenland contribution is the work og Inge Thaulow, Directorate for Nature and the Environment in Greenland. The report and its recommendations have been discussed and approved by the Nordic Working Group for Nature and Outdoor Recreation at its meeting on 8-9th August 2001. The report is also being published in separate Scandinavian (Norwegian, Swedish and Danish) and English editions.This report has been partly funded by the Ramsar Bureau in Switzerland (see separate Preface).</p

Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 11 in breast cancer: Association of prognostic factors with genetic alterations

We examined DNA from 116 female and four male breast cancer patients for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). DNA was analysed by polymerase chain reaction using ten microsatellite markers on chromosome 11. Three distinct regions of LOH were identified: 11p15.5, 11q13 and 11q22-qter with a LOH frequency of 19, 23 and 37-43% respectively. The marker D11S969 showing the highest frequency of LOH (43%) is located at the 11q24.1-q25 region. No previous molecular genetic studies have shown frequent LOH at the region telomeric to q23 on chromosome 11. Southern analysis revealed that LOH at 11q13 was due to amplification, whereas LOH at 11q22-qter was due to deletion. LOH at 11p15.5 was associated with paucity of hormone receptor proteins, high S-phase and positive node status. An association was found between LOH at 11q13 and positive node status. LOH at the 11q22-qter region correlated with a high S-phase fraction. A significant association was found between LOH at 11p15 and chromosome regions 17q21 (the BRCA1 region) and 3p.Nordic Council of Ministers, University of Iceland Graduate Research Fund, the Nordic Cancer Union, the Icelandic Cancer Society, the Memorial Fund of Bergthora Magnusdottir and Jakob B Bjarnason, the Science Fund of Iceland and the Science Fund of the University Hospital of Iceland