ORIGIN OF THE LEFT VERTEBRAL ARTERY FROM IPSILATERAL COMMON CAROTID ARTERY IN A HUMAN FETUS: CASE REPORT AND BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from the common carotid artery (CCA) is one of the rarities that deserves to be presented.Microdissection of injected arteries in the thorax and neck of human fetuses under the operating microscope was used and documented in the workbook and photos. The origin of the left VA from ipsilateral CCA, and its entry into the transverse foramen of the fourth cervical vertebra (C IV), associated with the normal vascular arrangement of branches of the aortic arch were the main features of this case. Simultaneously, the right VA of normal (subclavian) origin entered the C V transverse foramen. A present case of the left VA−CCA variant is the only one discovered in human fetuses, respectively, in total it is the tenth human case in the literature. However, the future findings could show whether the right aortic arch and the carotid stenosis discovered in half of known adult cases can be possible causal and/or consequent abnormalities of the left VA−CCA variant

APROPOS OF THE SIMULTANEOUS ABSENCE OF SOME EMBRYOLOGICAL VASCULAR FORERUNNERS AND PERSISTENCE OF OTHER ONES ON THE BRAIN BASE IN LATE ADULTHOOD

Associated arterial abnormalities and variations on the brain base were discovered in a cadaveric specimen of the male gender of older life age. This case was found by a retrospective analysis of 388 forensic cases in a common data archive of the authors of this report. Arterial abnormalities were related to the aplasia of (intracranial part) of the right vertebral artery and (large) fenestration of the pre-communicating part of the right posterior cerebral artery. Arterial variations included different morphological statuses such as a special origin, double vessels, and small or oversized caliber. The brain angioarchitecture in the present case was not the base for the aneurysm's development, probably because of the lesser influence of hemodynamic factors on the walls of persistent primitive and definitive arteries, as well as due to good collateral circulation till to the end of the sixth decade of life.

Synthesis and properties of systems metal and semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrices

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja nanokompozitnih sistema dobijenih in situ sintezom metalnih (Ag), poluprovodnickih (ZnO) i hibridnih (ZnO/Ag) nanocestica u prisustvu sintetickih- i bio-polimera. Kao predstavnik sintetickih polimera, korišcen je kopolimer poli(?-(dimetilamino)etil metakrilat-koakrilna kiselina) (PDMAEMA-ko-AK), dok su alginat i agar-agar predstavnici biopolimera. Svi navedeni polimeri su karaterisani apsorpcionom, emisionom i infracrvenom spektroskopijom. Numericke simulacije infracrvenih spektara polimera su pokazale da pojedine IC-linije poticu od vibracija nekoliko razlicitih grupa datog makromolekula. Sva tri polimera su korišcena kao matrice za stabilizaciju i sintezu srebrnih nanocestica; nanocestice cink-oksida su sintetisane u biopolimerima (alginat i agar-agar). Korišcenjem nanokompozita alginat-ZnO kao polaznog materijala, sintetisane su i hibridne ZnO/Ag cestice. U toku sinteze najcešce su dobijane sferne cestice, ali su dobijane i nanocestice drugih oblika, kao što su dekahedroni i tanke trougaone prizme (Ag) i kocke (ZnO). Pored toga što su dobijene nanocestice razlicitih morfologija, ispitivanja su pokazala da nanokompoziti pokazuju i niz drugih osobina. Pokazano je da nanokompoziti znacajno uticu na inhibiciju patogenih mikroorganizama (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus i Candida albicans). Tako[e, uoceno je da u slucaju hibridnih ZnO/Ag nanocestica, fotokataliticka aktivnost raste sa porastom koncentracije srebra.In this doctoral dissertation, we present the results of the investigations of the nanocomposite systems obtained by in situ synthesis of metal (Ag), semiconductor (ZnO) and hybrid (ZnO/Ag) nanoparticles in the presence of synthetic- and biopolymers. Poly (?-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (pDMAEMAco- AA) was used as a synthetic matrix, while biopolymer matrices were alginate and agar-agar. The mentioned polymers were characterized by using absorption, emission and FTIR spectroscopies. The numerical simulation of the IR-spectra showed that certain IR-lines originate from the vibration of several diUerent groups of the particular macromolecule. All three polymers were employed as stabilization matrices for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, while zinc-oxide was synthesized in biopolymers (alginate and agar-agar). The alginate-ZnO nanocomposite was further used as a starting material for the preparation of hybrid zinc-oxide/silver nanoparticles. The synthetic procedure usually resulted with spherical particles but the nanoparticles of the other geometrical shapes were noticed as well (decahedrons and thin triangular prisms for Ag and cubes for ZnO). Besides diUerent morphology of the obtained nanoparticles, the nanocomposites also exhibited a number of additional properties. It was shown that the nanocomposites induce the inhibition of the pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus i Candida albicans). Also, in the case of hybrid ZnO/Ag nanoparticles, it was observed that photocatalitic activity increases with increasing in concentration of silver

Political reflection and formation of a new institutional environment

Dealing with complex economic, social and political challenges of our time requires the most competent people. The process of identifying political parties with their top leaders is not a phenomenon inherent in our political situation, but a widely accepted concept of concentration of power and strengthening the leadership influence in all societies. The overall objective of the paper is to point to the importance of implementation of reform commitments in terms of sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia based on practical and theoretical experiences, as well as a critical examination of the institutional behaviour of the current political elite in shaping the institutional environment, implementing reform commitments and eliminating political dichotomy in passive behaviour of one part of the institutional decision-makers in accordance with the efforts and activities of the current Prime Minister to protect national and strategic interests of the Republic of Serbia. Thus, some of the key factors for success of reforms will be analysed in this paper, as well as the type of correlation of reflection of political decisions with sustainable economic development and equitable social distribution

Impact of demographic factors on environmentally conscious purchase behavior

Over the last years, a number of papers have been published on the topic of the influence of different factors on the environmentally conscious behavior of consumers. It can be noted that interest in the influence of demographic factors on this type of behavior in these papers is diminishing. However, the published papers did not provide a unique answer on this topic. The goal of this paper is to examine the correlation between demographic factors and environmentally conscious purchase behavior using the method of meta-analysis and CMA software. In line with this statistical method, studies that examined the influence of demographic factors on environmentally conscious purchase behavior have been taken into account. Among these, only the studies that published Pearson correlation coefficient have been selected. This way, it was possible to aggregate the samples of these studies and to repeat the testing of the hypothesis that demographic factors influence the environmentally conscious purchase behavior. Results of this analysis provide some proof of this correlation, but also call for an expanded research to deal with this topic in more details

Researching consumer habits regarding food label reading

The research on the knowing of the significance and contents of the food product label as well as understanding the data on the label is presented in this paper. The research used the Pearson's chi-square test of homogeneity and Pearson's chi-square test of independence. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 598 respondents from 10 cities in the Republic of Serbia. Research results show that more than half of the respondents always or often read the label, then, that men and women have a similar relation to the frequency of reading the label and its contents. Respondents with special dietary regime frequently read the data on the label than with conventional regimens. Consumers that are more educated are more likely to read the label and know more about its contents. Respondents who know what the label should contain pay more attention to it

UNUSUAL ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSES ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA: A CASE REPORT

The cerebral arterial circle is a constant carotid-basilar anastomosis on the brain base. However, some transitory primitive intercarotid or carotid-vertebral or carotid-basilar or lateral basilo-vertebral anastomoses can persist and change the common angioarchitecture of the brain. One of these transitory persistent anastomoses was found in a 72-year-old male, autopsied at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of Niš, after  a fatal cranial fracture.  We discovered persistent lateral basilovertebral anastomosis that originated from the right side of the basilar artery, immediately below the beginning of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which was connected with the left anterior spinal artery (ASA). In addition, there were two transversal anastomoses between both vertebral arteries. Although the discovered arterial anastomoses on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata persisted in the human adult, pathologic changes of this artery and other cerebral arteries were not found.  The rarity of these vascular variants in the vertebrobasilar system deserves a description in this article and future scientific attention.Key words: Human brain, lateral basilo-vertebral anastomosis, anterior spinal artery, intervertebral anastomose

MOYAMOYA PHENOMENON IN SERBIAN POPULATION

Letter to Edito

Challenges of consumerism: In search for a new way of growth and development

The world is facing two challenges, at this moment. One comes from the past and refers to the crisis model of growth based on consumerism. Another challenge comes from the future and refers to a development that should meet the needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations to meet their own needs. In order to respond to current challenges, economics and politics have started changing. Thinking logically, when the facts change, a theory changes, new solutions for current challenges are found in the new integral (holistic) paradigm of development. The development has been seen as a sustainable community effort of all stakeholders (individuals, companies and states) in order to create preconditions for a better quality of life and human happiness of present and future generations. The aim of this paper is to high-light the key determinants that new paradigm of growth and development affirms, as well as on major initiatives that contribute to this