Foreign direct investment in industrial transition : a case study of Vietnam

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the growth and structural adjustment of Vietnamese manufacturing in the process of transition from a centrally-planned to market-oriented economy during the period 1986- 2006. It begins with a comprehensive interpretative survey of the literature on the role of FDI in industrialisation in developing and transition economies, in order to provide the analytical context for the Vietnam case study. The next two chapters survey FDl policy in Vietnam in the context of overall policy reforms, and examine trends and patterns of FDl during the post-reform era from a comparative regional and global perspective. The next three chapters, which form the core of the thesis, are devoted to an in-depth empirical analysis of the impact of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) on the performance of Vietnamese manufacturing. These chapters, in turn, probe the implications of the FIE presence for manufacturing productivity, employment generation and export performance, paying attention to both direct effects, and spillover (indirect) effects operating through the performance of domestic firms. The empirical analysis is conducted by applying appropriate econometric techniques to a new firmlevel panel data set constructed from unpublished returns to the Annual Enterprise Survey conducted by the Vietnamese General Statistical Office. This is supplemented by relevant unpublished data from other official sources. The fin al chapter summarises the key findings, makes policy inferences and identifies areas for further research. The findings suggest that the performance of FIEs is generally characterised by higher factor productivity growth and greater export propensity compared to local firms, both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and purely private firms. FIEs pay higher wages and they adjust faster to changes in labour market conditions compared to local firms. There is evidence of a strong positive correlation between employment growth in manufacturing and the persistent shift in the FIE presence away from domestic-market oriented (import substituting) production and toward export-oriented production since the late 1990s. The overall spillover effects of FIEs on productivity and export performance of domestic firms were found to be negative. This finding seems to reflect the early stage of industrial transition and the unfinished reform agenda. Spillover effects were found to be highly correlated with the stage of development of the domestic private sector. Moreover, there is evidence that the nature and extent of spillover effects vary across industries and with the geographic location of firms. All in all, this study provides ample support for the view that both the rate of FDI involvement in the economy and the national developmental gains from FDI depend crucially on the speed of economic transition. The latter is reflected in the extent of privatization/restructuring of state-owned enterprises, market-based decision making and the creation of a legal and institutional framework for foreign and private domestic investment. The findings make a strong case for further policy reforms to remove institutional and policy constraints impacting on the performance of domestic private firms, in order to enhance. national economic gains from foreign direct investment. Liberalization of foreign investment regimes alone is unlikely to be sufficient for achieving this objective

Rückwärts leitfähiger IGBT mit nahezu von der Gate-Emitter-Spannung unabhängiger Diodencharakteristik

In dieser Dissertation wird ein neuartiges RC-IGBT-Konzept, bezeichnet als RC-GID-IGBT, vorgeschlagen. Diese neue RC-IGBT-Struktur ermöglicht den Betrieb mit einem konventionellen IGBT-Gate-Treiber und hat im Diodenmodus eine so geringe Reverse-Recovery-Ladung wie eine State-of-the-Art-Freilaufdiode. Dies wird durch die Einführung dedizierter Bereiche für den Diodenmodus sowie eines Hilfs-Schottky-Emitters in den IGBT-Bereich erreicht, ohne negative elektrische Auswirkungen auf den IGBT-Modus zu erzeugen. Dadurch kann der neuartige RC-GID-IGBT den thermischen Vorteil vollständig ausnutzen.In this dissertation, a novel Trench RC-IGBT concept, called RC-GID-IGBT, is proposed. This new RC-IGBT structure allows operation with a conventional IGBT gate drive and has reverse recovery charge in diode operating mode as low as a state-of-the-art freewheeling diodes. This is achieved by introducing dedicated areas for the diode operation as well as an auxiliary schottky emitter into the IGBT chip without generating negative electrical effects on the IGBT mode. As a result, the novel RC-GID-IGBT can take full advantage of the thermal benefit

How heterogeneous are the determinants of total factor productivity in manufacturing sectors? Panel-data evidence from vietnam

One of the remaining challenges in explaining differences in total factor productivity is heterogeneity between sectors and within a specific sector in terms of labor and capital. This paper employs the generalized method of moments (GMM) to identify factors that affect total factor productivity across 21 manufacturing sectors and to clarify the heterogeneous determinants of total factor productivity within manufacturing sectors for the period 2010–2015. Our estimations show that large firms have significantly greater total factor productivity levels than small firms in some fragmentations of firms in terms of both labor and total capital and in some manufacturing sectors. It is suggested that firm characteristics should be considered by the government in establishing relevant policies for enhancing firm productivity

Judd Ofelt Analysis and Optical Properties of Eu3+^{3 + } Doped Tellurite Glasses

In this work, the structural characteristic and photoluminescence properties of Eu$^{3 + }$ doped B$_{2}$O$_{3}$-TeO$_{2}$ -ZnO-Na$_{2}$O glasses were investigated. These glasses were prepared by a melting method in air, combined with thermal annealing at 350$^{\circ}$C, 450$^{\circ}$C and 550$^{\circ}$C for different duration times. The structural analysis results of these glasses revealed the formation of micro-crystals in the annealed host glass. The photoluminescence spectra of Eu$^{3 + }$ doped in these samples were observed. The local vibration mode around Eu$^{3 + }$ ions was investigated by the phonon side-band (PSB) associated with $^{7}\!F_{0}-^{5}D_{2}$ transition of Eu$^{3+}$. Judd-Ofelt parameters were then evaluated based on photoluminescence spectra and the luminescence intensity ratios of $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{J}$ ($J=2, 4$ and 6) to $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{1}$ transition were predicted. The obtained results were then used to calculate $\Omega _{2},\;\Omega _{4},\; \Omega _{6}$ parameters based on Judd-Ofelt theory. These $\Omega _{2}$, $\Omega _{4}$, $\Omega _{6}$ parameters allow to derive radiative properties of Eu$^{3 + }$ ions in glass material such as transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and peak stimulated emission cross-section for the $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{J}$ transitions

Judd Ofelt Analysis and Optical Properties of Rare Earth Doped Tellurite Glasses

In this work, the structural characteristic and photoluminescence properties were investigated in Eu$^{3 + }$ ions-doped B$_{2}$O$_{3}$-TeO$_{2}$ --ZnO-Na$_{2}$O glasses. These glasses were prepared by the melting method in air, after that thermal annealed 350\rc{}C, 450\rc{}C and 550\rc{}C for different times. The analysis results of structure on these glasses showed the formation of micro-crystals in host glass after thermal annealed process. The photoluminescence spectra of Eu$^{3 + }$ ions in these samples were observed. The local vibration mode around Eu$^{3 + }$ ions was investigated by the phonon side band associated with $^{7}$F$_{0}$- $^{5}$D$_{2}$ transition of Eu$^{3 + }$. Judd-Ofelt parameters have been evaluated from photoluminescence spectra and were to predict the luminescence intensity ratios of $^{5}$D$_{0} \to ^{7}$F$_{J}$ (J=2, 4 and 6) to $^{5}$D$_{0} \to ^{7}$F$_{1}$ transition. The obtained results have been used for calculating $\Omega_{2}$, $\Omega _{4}$, $\Omega _{6}$ parameters by using Judd-Ofelt theory. These $\Omega _{2}$, $\Omega _{4}$, $\Omega _{6}$ parameters allow to derive radiative properties of Eu$^{3 + }$ ions in glass material such as transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and peak stimulated emission cross-section for the $^{5}$D$_{0} \to ^{7}$F$_{J}$ transitions

Day-night variation and size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in particulate matter in Ulsan, South Korea

In the present study, 11 size classes of particulate matter were collected from a semi-rural site in the industrial city of Ulsan, South Korea in 2019 to investigate the size distribution and day-night variation of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs). Approximately 70% of the detected WSIIs were found in fine particles, with Na+, Ca (2+), Cl-, and NO3- dominant (similar to 70%) in coarse particles and SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ (SNA) dominant (similar to 70%) in fine particles. Monthly variation in total WSIIs was observed, with the highest average concentration found in April for both coarse (2.71 mu g/m(3)) and fine particles (5.75 mu g/m(3)). Given that this month is characterized by prevailing southeasterly winds, these high levels may represent the adverse effects of industrial activity. Coefficients of divergence for individual WSIIs exhibited large variability, which is indicative of significant day-night differences in meteorology, chemistry, and source contributions. The size distributions of Na+, K+, F-, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- were bimodal, while Mg2+, Ca2+, and NH4+ were unimodal. Peaks were generally found at 1.8-5.6 mu m and 0.18-0.56 mu m for coarse and fine particles, respectively. By plotting the linear relationship between the mole charge ratios of SNA, we found that coarse NO3- particles were mainly the result of heterogeneous reactions between HNO3 and sea salts or crustal species, while the homogeneous reaction of HNO3 and NH3 played a crucial role in the formation of fine NO3- particles. In conclusion, though day-night variation in WSIIs was apparent, especially in SNA, the formation pathways for both coarse and fine particles were similar for day and night. Based on the verification of the formation mechanisms for WSIIs at this semi-rural site, the influence of industrial activity on the secondary formation of PM in urban and industrial areas can be investigated further

An Analysis of Shoreline Changes Using Combined Multitemporal Remote Sensing and Digital Evaluation Model

Cua Dai estuary belonged to Quang Nam province is considered to be one of the localities of Vietnam having a complex erosion and accretion process. In this area, sandbars are recently observed with lots of arguments about the causes and regimes of formation. This could very likely result of not reliable source of information on shoreline evolution and a lack of historical monitoring data. Accurately identification of shoreline positions over a given period of time is a key to quantitatively and accurately assessing the beach erosion and accretion. The study is therefore to propose an innovative method of accurately shoreline positions for an analysis of coastal erosion and accretion in the Cua Dai estuary. The proposed technology of multitemporal remote sensing and digital evaluation model with tidal correction are used to analyse the changes in shoreline and estimate the rate of erosion and accretion. An empirical formula is, especially, exposed to fully interpret the shoreline evolution for multiple scales based on a limitation of satellite images during 1965 to 2018. The results show that there is a significant difference of shoreline shift between corrections and non-corrections of tidal. Erosion process tends to be recorded in the Cua Dai cape located in the Cua Dai ward, especially in the An Luong cape located in the Duy Hai commune with the length of 1050 m. Furthermore, it is observed that there is much stronger erosion in the north side compared with south side of Cua Dai estuary

A Tourists' Travel Intention in the Context of Covid-19 in Viet Nam

The novel coronavirus pneumonia has seriously affected the development of tourism in Vietnam and even the whole world. Combining the current of VietNam's mitigation and the gradual recovery of tourism, this paper puts the research perspective on tourists' travel intention, and constructs a new theoretical structure by using TPB and TRA theory, This study presents the findings of a research which examined the relationship Subject norms and perceived behavioral control have a significant impact on Attitude and tourists' desire to travel;  the Attitude and desire to travel has a significant positive impact on tourists' travel intention, a little empirical study investigates these relationships together. This article investigates these relationships using SEM with data 437 tourists in the Vietnam. Findings of the study revealed that Attitude mediates the relationship between Subject norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Travel intention. Desire to travel mediates the relationship between Subject Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control and Travel intention. Based on the study findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed. Keywords: COVID-19, Theory of planned behaviour(TPB), Theory of reasoned action(TRA),Viet Nam DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-14-07 Publication date:July 31st 202