Unpacking the process of overseas knowledge recontextualisation in returnee entrepreneurship - a learning perspective : a study of returnee entrepreneurs in Vietnam

International entrepreneurship research has recently been directed towards returnee entrepreneurship, a phenomenon in which individuals who acquire knowledge in overseas developed markets return to start businesses in their home emerging markets. Returnee entrepreneurs serve as knowledge brokers in their home country. However, research has yet to explain how they transform their overseas knowledge, which is contextually bound, into entrepreneurial outcomes – a process termed overseas knowledge recontextualisation. The thesis positions itself at the intersection of returnee entrepreneurship, international knowledge transfer, and entrepreneurial learning, and explores the phenomenon from both a learning and a socio-cognitive perspective. It approaches the recontextualisation process at an individual entrepreneurial level to answer three research questions: (1) What constitutes the knowledge brought back by returnee entrepreneurs?; (2) What is the process by which returnee entrepreneurs recontextualise their overseas knowledge?; and (3) How do returnee entrepreneurs learn to facilitate the process of overseas knowledge recontexualisation? A qualitative exploratory approach was employed comprising 14 in-depth cases of returnee entrepreneurs in three cities in Vietnam - an emerging economy in South East Asia where returnee entrepreneurship has become increasingly prevalent. To ensure the rigour and validity of the research, multiple data sources were used for triangulation. Given the dynamics of the recontextualisation process and the aim to build a data driven theory, the analysis was underpinned by process thinking and grounded theory principles. The thesis contributes to three distinctive strands of literature. First, it extends the returnee entrepreneurship literature by unpacking the holistic process model of knowledge recontextualisation which involves sensemaking, experimenting, and integrating knowledge, each of which is facilitated by the respective learning mechanisms and intertwined with entrepreneurial outcomes. Second, it adds new understanding at an individual entrepreneurial level to international knowledge transfer literature by highlighting the idiosyncratic role of returnees as simultaneous transferors and receivers of knowledge. Specifically, it elucidates mixed-embedded knowledge structures of returnees and identifies key recontextualisation practices pertaining to returnee entrepreneurship. Third, it adds on entrepreneurial learning literature by unpacking the complex learning mechanisms that facilitate the process of recontextualisation. Finally, it proposes that, throughout the recontextualisation process, returnees not only enact the overseas knowledge per se, they also transform themselves and influence the home country through cognitive, social, psychological and behavioural processes which denote the micro-foundations of the entrepreneurial dynamic capability displayed by returnees

Bacteriophage T4 lysis and lysis inhibition: molecular basis of an ancient story

T4 requires two proteins: holin, T (lesion formation and lysis timing) and endolysin, E (cell wall degradation) to lyse the host at the end of its life cycle. E is a cytoplasmic protein that sequestered away from its substrate, but the inner membrane lesion formed by T allows E to gain access to the cell wall. T4 exhibits lysis inhibition (LIN), a phenomenon in which a second T4 infection occurs ≤ 3 min after primary infection results a delay in lysis. Mutations that abolish LIN mapped to several genes but only rV encoding the holin, T, and rI, encoding the antiholin, RI, are required for LIN in all hosts which support T4 replication. Antiholin RI inhibits T-mediated lysis by direct interaction with the holin. T has at least one transmembrane domain with its Nterminus (TNTD) in the cytoplasm and C-terminus in the periplasm (TCTD). In contrast, the N-terminus of RI (RINTD) is predicted to function as a cleavable signal sequence allowing the secretion of the RI C-terminal domain (RICTD) into the periplasm. Most of RI mutations which abolish LIN occur in the RICTD, suggesting RI inhibits T-mediated lysis by interacting with T via RICTD. Topological analysis of RI and T showed that fusion of PhoA signal sequence (ssPhoA) to RICTD is necessary and sufficient for LIN and ssPhoAΦTCTD interferes with RI-mediated LIN, indicating T and RI interact via periplasmic C-terminal domains. In T4 infection, LIN is observed only when superinfection takes place, indicating either the antiholin or the LIN signal must be unstable. Both RI and RINTDΦPhoA are localized to both the inner membrane and the periplasm suggesting that the RINTD is a Signal-Anchor-Release (SAR) domain. Protein stability studies indicated that the SAR domain is the proteolytic determinant of RI, and DegP is the protease that is responsible for RI degradation. To date, how TNTD participates in lysis and LIN is not known. Modifications and deletion of the N-terminus of T change the lysis time, indicating this domain is involved the in timing of lysis. GFP fusion to holin T allowed microscopic visualization of fluorescent patches on the membrane at the time of lysis

Unpacking the process of overseas knowledge recontextualisation in returnee entrepreneurship - a learning perspective : a study of returnee entrepreneurs in Vietnam

International entrepreneurship research has recently been directed towards returnee entrepreneurship, a phenomenon in which individuals who acquire knowledge in overseas developed markets return to start businesses in their home emerging markets. Returnee entrepreneurs serve as knowledge brokers in their home country. However, research has yet to explain how they transform their overseas knowledge, which is contextually bound, into entrepreneurial outcomes – a process termed overseas knowledge recontextualisation. The thesis positions itself at the intersection of returnee entrepreneurship, international knowledge transfer, and entrepreneurial learning, and explores the phenomenon from both a learning and a socio-cognitive perspective. It approaches the recontextualisation process at an individual entrepreneurial level to answer three research questions: (1) What constitutes the knowledge brought back by returnee entrepreneurs?; (2) What is the process by which returnee entrepreneurs recontextualise their overseas knowledge?; and (3) How do returnee entrepreneurs learn to facilitate the process of overseas knowledge recontexualisation? A qualitative exploratory approach was employed comprising 14 in-depth cases of returnee entrepreneurs in three cities in Vietnam - an emerging economy in South East Asia where returnee entrepreneurship has become increasingly prevalent. To ensure the rigour and validity of the research, multiple data sources were used for triangulation. Given the dynamics of the recontextualisation process and the aim to build a data driven theory, the analysis was underpinned by process thinking and grounded theory principles. The thesis contributes to three distinctive strands of literature. First, it extends the returnee entrepreneurship literature by unpacking the holistic process model of knowledge recontextualisation which involves sensemaking, experimenting, and integrating knowledge, each of which is facilitated by the respective learning mechanisms and intertwined with entrepreneurial outcomes. Second, it adds new understanding at an individual entrepreneurial level to international knowledge transfer literature by highlighting the idiosyncratic role of returnees as simultaneous transferors and receivers of knowledge. Specifically, it elucidates mixed-embedded knowledge structures of returnees and identifies key recontextualisation practices pertaining to returnee entrepreneurship. Third, it adds on entrepreneurial learning literature by unpacking the complex learning mechanisms that facilitate the process of recontextualisation. Finally, it proposes that, throughout the recontextualisation process, returnees not only enact the overseas knowledge per se, they also transform themselves and influence the home country through cognitive, social, psychological and behavioural processes which denote the micro-foundations of the entrepreneurial dynamic capability displayed by returnees

THE CUISINE OF THE EDE PEOPLE IN KMRONG PRŎNG VILLAGE, BUON MA THUOT (DAK LAK PROVINCE)

The Ede are a Malayo-Polynesian language-speaking ethnic group residing primarily in Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Phu Yen, and Khanh Hoa provinces. They have a rich and unique tangible and intangible culture. From 2017 to 2020, the authors carried out many field trips to Kmrong Prŏng A and Kmrong Prŏng B villages (Ea Tu Commune, Buon Ma Thuot) to research, collect, and inventory the material and spiritual cultural heritage of the Ede for conservation and exhibition at the Dak Lak provincial museum. In this article, we introduce some traditional dishes of the Ede in Krmong Prŏng village, research and evaluate traditional aspects of their cuisine, and propose some recommendations and solutions to preserve and promote the unique Ede cuisine in the current period of development and integration

Income diversification and poverty in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam:

Poverty, income diversification,

Investigation of factors in improving Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in Ruellia tuberosa L. and evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in established hairy roots

Ruellia tuberosa (family Acanthaceae) is widely known in traditional medicine in Asian countries for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Its roots were demonstrated to possess a hypoglycemic ability in diabetic animal models. In this study, an original induced procedure was investigated to establish hairy root (HR) from R. tuberosa. With the aim of increasing the transformation rate, some induced factors (acetosyringone (AS) dosage, type of explant, age, infection time, bacterial density, co-cultivation duration) were individually examined. As a result, an improved procedure was implemented: ten-day-old in vitro cotyledon explants were injured and then immersed in the bacterial suspension (OD600 nm = 0.4) added 200 µM AS during 10 min. The infected explants were co-cultivated for 4 days in the Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium before transferring to the medium containing cefotaxime for bacterial elimination. After thirty days of culture, the improved procedure revealed a synergistic effect by enhancing the rooting rate and number of secondary roots per explant up to 4.4- and 8.0-fold, respectively, in comparison with the original procedure. The R. tuberosa HR was then cultured in liquid MS medium and achieved the highest biomass production at the late exponential growth phase (3rd week). Its ethanol extract was also higher 2.0-fold in α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of the natural root. In conclusion, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of HR inducing by the improved procedure may offer an effective and reliable substitute for the utilization of this herbal plant

Comparative Study of Image Denoise Algorithms

Denoising is a pre-processing step in digital image processing system. It is also typical image processing challenges. Many works proposed to solve problem with new approaching. They can be divided into two main categories: spatial-based or transform-based. Some denoising methods apply in both spatial and transform domains. The goal of this paper focuses on reviewing denoise methods, classifying them into different categories, and identifying new trends. Moreover, we do experiments to compare pros, cons of methods in survey

Emotion-Aware Music Recommendation

People often listen to songs that match their mood. Thus, an AI music recommendation system that is aware of the user’s emotions is likely to provide a superior user experience to one that is unaware. In this paper, we present an emotion-aware music recommendation system. Multiple models are discussed and evaluated for affect identification from a live image of the user. We propose two models: DRViT, which applies dynamic routing to vision transformers, and InvNet50, which uses involution. All considered models are trained and evaluated on the AffectNet dataset. Each model outputs the user’s estimated valence and arousal under the circumplex model of affect. These values are compared to the valence and arousal values for songs in a Spotify dataset, and the top-five closest-matching songs are presented to the user. Experimental results of the models and user testing are presented