Tekstilni otpad kao materijal za toplinsku izolaciju

Toplinsko-izolacijski materijali omogućuju uštedu toplinske energije. Na europskim tržištima prevladavaju klasični izolacijski materijali (kamena vuna i polistiren), a nastojanja istraživača su usmjerena na poboljšanje njihove učinkovitosti i razvitak novih izolacijskih materijala i sustava. Njihova kvaliteta se ocjenjuje s obzirom na njihova fi zikalna svojstva, utjecaj na okoliš I čovjeka, lakoću montiranja i cijene. U ovom radu dizajniran je materijal za toplinsku izolaciju krovne konstrukcije i unutarnje gips-kartonske pregrade od otpada od krojenja, i ispitana je njegova toplinska vodljivost (W/mK). Rezultati pokazuju toplinsku vodljivost 0,05198 - 0,06032 (W/mK), koja se može usporediti s vrijednostima standardnih izolacijskih materijala i s izolacijskim materijalima od tekstila, odnosno tekstila u vlaknastom stanju. Ključne riječi: otpad od krojenja, izolacijski materijali, toplinska vodljivost, toplinska izolacij

Textile waste as a thermal insulation material

Toplinsko-izolacijski materijali omogućuju uštedu toplinske energije. Na europskim tržištima prevladavaju klasični izolacijski materijali (kamena vuna i polistiren), a nastojanja istraživača su usmjerena na poboljšanje njihove učinkovitosti i razvitak novih izolacijskih materijala i sustava. Njihova kvaliteta se ocjenjuju s obzirom na njihova fizikalna svojstva, utjecaj na okoliš i čovjeka, lakoću montiranja i cijene. U ovom radu dizajniran je materijal za toplinsku izolaciju krovne konstrukcije i unutarnje gips-karton pregrade od konfekcijskog otpada, i ispitana je njegova toplinska vodljivost (W/mK). Rezultati pokazuju toplinsku vodljivost 0,05198 - 0,06032 (W/mK), koja se može usporediti s vrijednostima standardnih izolacijskih materijala i s izolacijskim materijalima od tekstila, odnosno tekstila u vlaknastom stanju.S. Jordeva*, E. Tomovska. **, D. Trajković***, K. Zafirova ** Thermal insulation materials provide thermal energy savings. Classic insulation materials (stone wool and polystyrene) dominate the European market, but researchers’ efforts are aimed towards improving their efficiency and developing new insulation materials. They are evaluated according to their physical properties, effect on people and the environment, installation difficulty and price. In this paper a material for thermal insulation of roof construction and internal walls has been designed from apparel cutting waste and its thermal conductivity (W/mK) has been determined. The results show a thermal conductivity of 0.05198-0.06032 (W/mK), comparable to the conductivity of standard insulation materials and insulation materials in the form of textile fibers

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the antioxidant capacity and postharvest quality of tomato fruit

Tomato fruits ‘1402’ were harvested at mature green (MG), light pink (LP) and light red (LR) stages and treated with 0.3 μL L-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20°C for 24 h to investigate the ability to retard tomato fruit ripening. The treated and control fruit were stored at 5°C and 12 oC for 14 days and a further 4 days at 20oC for a shelf life period. The results show that the effects of 1-MCP on fruit ripening were related to the stage of maturity and storage temperature. The MG stage was the optimal stage for 1-MCP treatment when fruit storage was at 12°C. 1-MCP treatment reduced the lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA) of the tomato fruit, but the hydrophilic antioxidant activity (HAA) remained similar to that observed at harvest. 1-MCP is a potential tool for extending shelf life, delaying tomato fruit ripening (slowing color development and firmness loss) and enhancing quality of tomatoes.Keywords: Tomato, 1-MCP, storage, stage of maturity, temperatureAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(6), pp. 547-55

Evaluation of bottled water quality from the market of the republic of serbia

The term bottled water applies for water packaged in a health-correct packaging available in the market for human consumption. Consumers still have insufficient knowledge of the importance of certain water ingredients and their harmful or beneficial effect on the human organism. There is not enough expert information about the harmfulness of certain ingredients in the water, even if many countries of the world have adopted legal acts in which quality parameters of bottled water are standardized1. In such declared water, physiological characteristics of water, redox status and the consequences of bad health effects are neglected due to excessive consumption of waters with high mineral content. Due to the increased content of mineral substances and high sodium intake, the allowed daily intake should be declared for water loaded with mineral substances. The oxide-reduction potential of water, EROX, represents the mixed potential of all present redox pairs and directly affects the behavior of water relative to the agents with it comes into contact. In this research, we measured all parameters that define redox status: pH value, redox potential and rH2 factor in a wide range of bottled waters available on the market of the Republic of Serbia. The substances that are declared as potentially toxics2 were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The results pointed to the necessity of a detailed declaration of bottled water to decrease the possible consequences of bad effects on health due to excessive consumption of water rich with minerals

Current State of Pre-Consumer Apparel Waste Management in Macedonia

Effective utilisation of textile waste requires an accurate prediction of the quality of waste generated. Textile waste in Macedonia mainly consists of apparel cuttings. The aim of this research was to characterize the apparel cuttings waste, define the current state of apparel waste management and the potential barriers against introducing efficient waste management systems. Data was obtained via a structured questionnaire distributed to top managers in apparel manufacturing companies. The results indicated that almost all apparel manufacturers use landfills to dispose of their waste. The analysis showed that the waste stream consisted principally of woven fabrics, predominately cotton and cotton blends, with the presence of lycra. Bearing in mind the waste composition, the most appropriate end use for the pre-consumer waste produced is insulation materials. Considering that the industry consists of small and medium companies with limited resources, there is a low likelihood of individual investments in recycling equipment. Key words: textile waste, apparel cutting waste, textile waste management

Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza konfekcijskog otpada u Makedoniji

Stvaranje tekstilnog otpada je direktno zavisno od masovnosti proizvodnje tekstila. Veća proizvodnja znači više otpada. Iz Makedonije se izvozi mesečno oko 1.400.000 komada odeće, koji za sobom ostavljaju velike količine krojnog otpada u odnosu na veličinu i broj stanovnika u zemlji. Ova analiza je preduslov za bilo kakvu inicijativu o recikliranju ovog otpada, koji je nov, čist i zadržanih fizičko-mehaničkih osobina. Ključne reči: konfekcijski otpad, upravljanje otpadom, reciklaža

Uticaj strukturnih i konstrukcijskih parametara pletenina na termička svojstva muške čarape

The research is focused on determining the influence of structural and constructional parameters of rib knitted fabrics on the thermal properties of men\u27s socks. Men\u27s socks are made in three different pattern constructions of three types of basic yarns: bamboo, cotton and a cotton/polyester blend with the additional filament polyamide yarn and wrapped rubber wire for the so-called render socks. For all analyzed sock rib patterns, the most important structural parameters of the yarn and construction parameters of the knitted fabrics were determined. Thermal properties of socks such as the cool touch feeling property, thermal conductivity, heat retention coefficient and thermal resistance were determined by using Thermal Labo and Thermal Mannequin measuring devices. The structural and constructional parameters of knitted fabrics were shown to affect the investigated thermal properties of the socks, making them more or less insulating or heat conducting. Values of the warm-cold feeling parameter as well as thermal conductivity vary depending on the construction pattern, showing a decrease as the number of face loops is increased i.e. in the sequence R1:1> R3:1> R7:1. The ability to retain heat decreases in the opposite sequence R7:1 > R3:1 > R1:1. The highest values of heat retention were determined for R7:1 rib knitted socks by both methods. A regression equation has been established with thickness, loop length, mass per unit area and porosity as independent variables, and thermal resistance (determined by the Thermo Labo method) as the dependent variable. The loop length and mass per unit area were shown to contribute significantly to the model

Pre-consumer apparel waste mangement in Macedonia

By its origine textile waste can bi divided in two broad categories: post-consumer waste derived from householda, and pre consumer waste generated during the manifacturing process. The division of the clothing supply chain between developed consumer markets and developing countries where apparel production capacities are out outsources implies that post-consumer waste is present in the former countries, whereas the later generate more pre-consumer waste. To effectively utilize the textile waste an accurate prediction of the quality of generate waste is required. Due to the structure of the industry textile waste in Macedonia mainly consists of apparel cuttings. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the current state of apparel waste mangement practices in Macedonia, characterize the apparel cutting waste and determine the attitudes of Macedonian top mangement toward managing the apaprel cuttings. Data was obtained via a structured questionnaire disributed to top mangers in apprel manufacturing. The results indicated that almost all apprel manufacturers use landfills to dispose their waste. The anlysis showed that the waste stream consisted principalyy of woven fabrics, predominately cotton and cotton blends with presence of l lycra. Bearing in mind the waste composition the most appropriate end use for the pre-consumer waste is insulation material. Considering that the industry consists of small and medium companies with limited resources there is low likelihood of ondividual investments in recycling equipment. The survey results also show that the top mangement of Macedonian apprel companies has strong negative attitudes towards sorting and preparing cutting waste for further processing. Availability of workforce, sorting according to color and fiber content, and introduction of baling during the packing process are identified as key impediments to introducing sorting in the companies. Low awareness of waste mangement practices and techologies, as well as of existing markets for recycled products contribute to the negative attitudes to waste mangement

Some characteristics of a new insulation structure from recycled apparel cutting waste

Recycled textile waste can be used as a raw material for insulation structures. Theoretically, 97% of textile waste can be recycled. Recycling textile waste has an ecological benefit as well as the economical, making it more popular in the past decades. Recycled textile waste has already found commercial application as insulation material but so far only waste that is easy to open down to fibers has been used. Commercialized products of this kind in Europe are Inno-Therm and Mettise that are obtained by mechanical recycling of post-consumer cotton. Standard mechanical recycling is not an option when it comes to textile waste from polyester woven fabrics, as it requires opening the fabric. The assessment of insulation materials is an issue which needs to be analyzed from different aspects: the physical properties of the material, their effect on people and the environment, installation difficulty and price. In this paper thermal insulation, sound insulation, biodegradability and fire resistance of a new structure from polyester cutting waste are investigated. The samples are made from polyester cutting waste of three different fabrics with different structural characteristics. Measuring of coefficient of thermal conductivity was conducted following ASTM C518 and ISO 8301 standards. The obtained values of thermal conductivity ranged from 0.0520 to 0.0601 W/mK, while the values of thermal insulation ranged from 1.658 to 1.924 m2/W, comparable to the values of the commercial insulation material. The procedure for measuring coefficient of sound absorption used a sound generator (KYE Systems Corp Multimedia hi fi speaker system sp-diameter), microphone (А4 mi-10), Gold Wave computer software for sound recording and filtering, and Origin software for analyzing the recorded sound. The values of NRC (noise reduction coefficient) were in the range of 54.71% to 74.77%, therefore similar to those of commercial insulating materials. The samples of a new insulation structure showed absorption features typical of fibrous materials with maximum of absorption between 1000-2000 Hz. Methodology for testing aging and biodegradation of apparel waste was based on ISO 11721:2001. The loss of mass by which the degree of biodegradation was evaluated, was within the range of 0 to 0.3%, i.e. there was practically no loss of mass what is a confirmation of the well-known fact that polyester is a biologically non-degradable material. In comparison with commercially used recycled insulators polyester insulation does not require treatment against fungi and insects. In order to investigate fire resistance of a new insulation structure BS 4790: 1987 (Hot metal nut test was used). The results indicate that polyester is convenient for use in internal insulation structures as it is not conductive of flame. A new structure has overall physical properties appropriate for application as insulation material in buildings for internal insulation and roofing. To achieve thermal and sound insulation values similar to commercial products the new structure has significantly higher density, i.e. a greater amount of material is needed. However, due to the cheap and readily available material competitive price can be achieved. The research demonstrates a way to decrease environmental pollution by using polyester apparel cuttings waste for insulation purposes in roof construction and internal walls

Polyester Apparel Cutting Waste as Insulation Material

Polyester waste is the dominant component of the clothing industry waste stream, yet its recycling in this industry is rarely addressed. This paper proposes using polyester cutting waste as an insulation blanket for roofing and buildings’ internal walls in order to reduce environmental pollution. The designed textile structures used waste cuttings from different polyester fabrics without opening the fabric to fibre. Thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fire resistance and biodegradation of the new insulation structure were investigated and compared to commercial insulation materials. Standard investigation methods were modified to fit the samples voluminous nature. The coefficient of thermal conductivity ranged between 0.0520 and 0.0603 W/mK. The achieved sound absorption with NRC ranging from 54.71 to 74.77%, surpassing standard commercially used insulators. The insulating structure did not conduct flame, the radius of impaired place was 1.60–2 cm while the depth was 0.4–1.3 cm, and showed lack of biodegradability, with loss of mass ranging from 0 to 0.3%