Response of coccolithophore communities to oceanographic and atmospheric processes across the North- and Equatorial Atlantic

Changes in coccolithophore productivity in response to climate-driven ocean warming are likely to have cascading biogeochemical effects that feed back to the changing climate. This paper investigates the role (and interplay) of large-scale oceanographic and atmospheric processes across the North- and Equatorial Atlantic, including Saharan dust deposition, on the distribution of coccolithophore communities. The study is based on biological and hydrological data collected across the photic zone of the ocean, and aerosol data collected from the lower atmosphere, across 50°N–1°S during the Atlantic Meridional Transect in boreal Autumn of 2018 (AMT28), in synergy with Earth Observations. Results confirm existing understanding of the distribution of coccolithophore communities which are related to major meridional hydrological gradients across the North Atlantic. Dynamic, oxygenated and microphytoplankton-enriched waters at higher-latitudes were characterized by less diverse coccolithophore populations, dominated by placolith-bearing r-selected coccolithophores. In contrast, the heavily stratified and picoplankton-enriched waters of the subtropical gyre revealed more diverse populations, dominated by umbelliform coccolithophores and holococcolithophores at the surface, and by floriform taxa in the lower photic zone. Mean concentrations of 14.4×103 cells/L present in the North Atlantic Tropical Gyre Province (30–12°N), only slightly lower compared to 17.7×103 cells/L produced in the North Atlantic Drift province (50–40°N), provide a snapshot perspective on the importance of coccolithophore production in heavily stratified gyre conditions. Higher concentrations of 19’-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (HexFuco) in regions of enhanced production of r-selected placolith-bearing species suggest that this pigment should not be generalized as a proxy for the entire coccolithophore community. Enhanced abundances of fast-blooming Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and of cyanobacteria (including both picoplankton and N2-fixing Trichodesmium spp.) at the surface of the region of more persistent Saharan dust deposition (at ~12-10°N) appeared to result from dust-born nutrient input. Underneath this stratified surface layer, enhanced productivity in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) appeared decoupled from that on the surface, fueled by geostrophic eastward shoaling of the nutricline across the tropical North Atlantic. As this was the region of highest macronutrient concentrations measured along and below the nutricline, our data suggest that the NE tropical Atlantic may act as a permanent dust-born nutrient depocenter as previously hypothesized

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three

A global in situ data set for validation of ocean colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectance, concentration of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, and total suspended matter. Data were obtained from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services or from individual projects acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization, quality control, and merging of all data. Minimal changes were made on the original data, other than conversion to a standard format, elimination of some points, after quality control and averaging of observations that were close in time and space. The result is a merged table available in text format. Overall, the size of the data set grew with 148 432 rows, with each row representing a unique station in space and time (cf. 136 250 rows in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). Observations of remote-sensing reflectance increased to 68 641 (cf. 59 781 in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). There was also a near tenfold increase in chlorophyll data since 2016. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) are included in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941318 (Valente et al., 2022)

Percepção de professores de 15 países sobre educação para a saúde e para a sexualidade

National audienceA Educação para a saúde em meio escolar tem vindo a ser implementada através de uma diversidade de estratégias, dependendo do conceito de saúde e de educação para a saúde. Tradicionalmente, tem-se preocupado em fornecer essencialmente conhecimentos científicos, assumindo que uma pessoa saudável é aquela que tem todos os seus órgãos em bom funcionamento. Em contraste com esta perspectiva enquadrada no modelo biomédico (M-B), tem-se vindo a consolidar o modelo biopsicosocial (M-BPS) que engloba uma perspectiva holística da saúde. Neste estudo analisamos e comparamos as concepções dos professores de 15 países sobre a saúde e a educação para a saúde. Diferem geográfica e socio-culturalmente, sendo 3 do norte da Europa (Finlândia, Estónia e Hungria), 5 do Sul (Portugal, França, Itália, Roménia e Chipre), 3 do Norte de África (Marrocos, Argélia e Tunísia), 2 de África Subsaariana, 1 do Próximo Oriente (Líbano) e um da América do Sul (Brasil). Em cada país aplicou-se o questionário do projecto BIOHEAD-CITIZEN a 6 amostras (professores em exercício e futuros professores do Ensino Primário, de Biologia e de Língua Nacional) num total de 6001 respondentes. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre os países, sendo que os professores da Tunísia são os que têm concepções mais M-B, e os da Finlândia mais M-BPS. A regressão logística mostrou haver uma associação preferencial de grupos (países, religião, grupo de docência e nível de formação) quer à visão B-M quer à M-BPS. Estes resultados podem ajudar a explicar as diferenças em educação para a saúde encontrada entre países

Relatório técnico sobre o Programa de Monitorização dos Ecossistemas Terrestre e Estuarino na Envolvente à CTRSU da S. João da Talha

A poluição atmosférica é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública e admite-se que um terço dos moradores das cidades Europeias esteja exposto a concentrações excessivas de matérias poluentes. A monitorização ambiental desempenha assim um papel fundamental para o acompanhamento e deteção de possíveis alterações ambientais em complemento com os métodos convencionais. Embora muitos países tenham realizado progressos para reduzir a poluição, em muitas regiões as concentrações ainda estão acima dos limites legais e recomendados para proteger a saúde dos cidadãos europeus sendo de extrema importância que se efetue a caracterização e monitorização ambiental, nomeadamente em locais com forte pressão humana e industrial. Na região envolvente à CTRSU de São João da Talha estabeleceu-se desde 1998 um programa de monitorização, pouco habitual a nível nacional e mesmo internacional, que permitiu avaliar os efeitos da poluição sobre os ecossistemas, usando diferentes grupos de organismos terrestes e aquáticos. O primeiro ano de monitorização teve como principal objetivo a criação de valores de referência, correspondendo ao ano anterior à construção da CTRSU; todos os dados obtidos posteriormente foram comparados com os valores de referência. Tem-se hoje em dia uma série temporal de dados desde 1998, que constitui um valioso património sobre o conhecimento dos ecossistemas terrestre e estuarino na área circundante à CTRSU e a sua relação com uma zona fortemente industrializada onde habitam milhares de cidadãos. Estas bases de dados (registo fotográfico, espécies, habitats, poluentes) são de grande importância técnica e científica sendo fundamental dar continuidade a estudos como o “Programa de Monitorização dos Ecossistemas Terrestre e Estuarino na Envolvente à CTRSU de S. João da Talha”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Environmental and ecological indicators of fish mass-mortality phenomena in mediterranean reservoirs.

Reservoirs are the preferred locations for anglers in Mediterranean regions. However, such ecosystems are impaired by a set of characteristics and phenomena that can constrain the suitable management and exploitation of related goods and services, especially in the current climate change context. In these reservoirs, eutrophication is one of the main water quality problem. These systems are often affected by large nutrient inputs and accentuated water-level fluctuations, especially during summer, that lead to a decrease in habitat availability and quality. Fish density tends to increase which, together with a low oxygen concentration, contributes for massive fish mortalities, compromising a valuable resource for recreational fisheries. Knowledge about the environmental and ecological factors that are directly related with fish biomass increases in these ecosystems, is extremely important to promptly identify this environmental risk and minimize its occurrence. This study, developed for the project “GAMEFISH - Management of Mediterranean reservoirs for the promotion of recreational fishing activities”, aims to identify the main environmental and ecological indicators of fish mass-mortality phenomena in southern Portuguese reservoirs, by evaluating: i) which are the fish species, and respective biomass thresholds, that contribute more to this phenomenon; and ii) which environmental variables are related with population changes and can be used to predict the probability of occurrence of fish mass mortalities. During one-year, monthly fish sampling campaigns were conducted in five reservoirs from the south of Portugal (Póvoa e Meadas, Penedrão, Serpa, Tourega and Divor), using a mix array of electrofishing and multi-mesh gill nets. Several environmental variables were collected for each reservoir-sampling campaign combination, including average depth, Secchi-Disk, water temperature and dissolved oxygen (both continuously registered at 15-min intervals) and water samples for the analysis of quality parameters (e.g. chlorophyll-a, CBO5, phosphorus, nitrates, bacteria). Complementarily to the in situ characterization, each reservoir was also monitored through Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite image products, which provide high-resolution optical imagery for land services. Obtained results reveal significant differences between the monitored reservoirs concerning the temporal variability of their fish assemblage composition, abundance and biomass, as well as their abiotic characteristics, particularly dissolved oxygen, which in some cases (i.e. Tourega and Divor) drastically diminished into values below the limit for fish survival (<3 mg/L) during summer. In some of the studied reservoirs, significant biomass increases and subsequent fish mass-mortality were detected (August-October 2017), which caused accentuated changes in the abundance and biomass of some species, less tolerant to environmental degradation, such as the non-indigenous largemouth bass and bleak, and native Iberian nase. During the study, two of the monitored reservoirs (i.e. Penedrão and Divor) were subjected to a national plan of fish removal, with distinct impacts in the respective communities, which also allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of such management effort. Outcomes from this study will provide owners and managers of these reservoirs with monitoring information capable of promoting a timely prediction and avoidance of massive fish mortality phenomena

Níveis de alfabetização/literacia para a saúde em duas populações de diferentes níveis de escolaridade na construção da cidadania

O exercício da cidadania encontra nas sociedades democráticas desafios fundamentais. Entre eles está a promoção da saúde do cidadão, pois a saúde é um dos pilares para um estilo de vida saudável. Para que este pilar se estabeleça, é necessário que ele faça parte dos planos que definem e constroem a sociedade, sendo os programas de educação uma componente fundamental neste processo. A literacia tem sido referida como estruturante dessa construção. Hoje com o alargamento da sua abrangência ao campo da saúde, o desafio da construção da literacia para a saúde (LS) não só emerge como estruturante para que a saúde aconteça, mas impõe-se no exercício de uma cidadania ativa. A partir daqui, os sujeitos sociais conscientizados, sejam eles educadores como educandos, caminham para o máximo potencial de saúde. Aqui são estabelecidas as bases teóricas para a construção do modelo de exploração da construção da literacia para a saúde. Seguidamente são analisados dados recolhidos no Brasil sobre os níveis de Literacia para a Saúde em duas populações diferentes. A primeira, da qual se considera uma amostra de conveniência (amostra A) apresenta níveis de escolaridade normais. A segunda amostra (amostra B) foca uma população altamente escolarizada. Os resultados mostram que o instrumento de avaliação de literacia para a saúde (HLS-EU-BR) apresenta elevada consistência interna e é sensível ao nível de escolaridade demonstrando assim entre outras, a sua forte validade discriminante. De modo a promover este movimento são partilhados recursos de avaliação da Literacia para a Saúde, tais como o instrumento brasileiro HLS-EU-BR de avaliação da Literacia para a Saúde.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT

Phytoplankton pigment concentrations and phytoplankton groups measured on water samples collected from various expeditions in the Atlantic Ocean from 71°S to 84°N

This data set composes a large amount of quality controlled in situ measurements of major pigments based on HPLC collected from various expeditions across the Atlantic Ocean spanning from 71°S to 84°N, including ten expeditions with RV Polarstern from the North Atlantic to the Arctic Fram Strait: PS74, PSS76, PS78, PS80, PS85, PS93 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894875), PS99 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894875), PS106 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899284), PS107 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894875), PS121 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941011), and four expeditions (two with RV Polarstern and two Atlantic Meridional Transect expeditions with RRS James Clark Ross and RRS Discovery) in the trans-Atlantic Ocean: PS113 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913536), PS120, AMT28 and AMT29. Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) of six phytoplankton functions groups (PFTs) derived from these pigments have been also included. This published data set has contributed to validate satellite PFT products available on the EU funded Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS, https://marine.copernicus.eu/), which are derived from multi-sensor ocean colour reflectance data and sea surface temperature using an empirical orthogonal function based approach (Xi et al. 2020; 2021). Description on in situ PFT Chl-a determination from pigment data: PFT Chl-a in this data set were derived using an updated diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) method (Soppa et al., 2014; Losa et al., 2017) with retuned coefficients by Alvarado et al (2021), that was originally developed by Vidussi et al. (2001), adapted in Uitz et al. (2006) and further refined by Hirata et al. (2011) and Brewin et al. (2015). The values of retuned DPA weighting coefficients for PFT Chl-a determination are: 1.56 for fucoxanthin, 1.53 for peridinin, 0.89 for 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 0.44 for 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 1.94 for alloxanthin, 2.63 for total chlorophyll b, and 0.99 for zeaxanthin. The coefficient retuning was based on an updated global HPLC pigment data base for the open ocean (water depth >200 m), which was compiled based on the previously published data sets spanning from 1988 to 2012 described in Losa et al. (2017), with updates in Xi et al. (2021) and Álvarez et al. (2022), by adding other newly available HPLC pigment data collected between 2012 and 2018 on SeaBASS (https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/), PANGAEA, British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/), and Australian Open Access to Ocean Data (AODN, https://portal.aodn.org.au/) (as of February 2020)