逆転写酵素・DNAポリメラーゼを用いたRT-PCRによる増幅反応で確認されたペッパーマイルドモットルウイルス（PMMoV）感染ピーマンの果実種子におけるウイルスの効果的な不活性化方法

A method for efficient inactivation Papper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in harvested seeds of green pepper was examined based on the infectivity on the leaves of Nicotina glutinosa L.(a local host) and a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based amplification of the viral RNA. The seed homogenates from PMMoV-infected plants produced a large number of necrotic local lesion in N.glutinosa, but soaking the seeds in 10% (w/v) tri-sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) for 20 min or dry sterilization (70C,3h) effectivity eliminated the abundance of PMMoV. However, no necrotic lesion on N.glutinosa or the RT-PCR-basaed amplification was observed with seeds that has been disinfected by Na3PO4 in combination with dry sterilization

ピーマン(Capsicum annuum L.)に導入されたＬ２抵抗性遺伝子を打破する日本産トバモウイルス系統ペッパーマイルドモットルウイルス(PMMoV)の疫学的調査

To understand the epidemiological aspects of tobamovirus infecting the L resistance genotypes of green pepper, fifteen isolates were collected from geographically different fields and were chracterized by their biological properties. All isolates infected L1 and L2 plants systemically, but were localized in L3 and L4 plants. The symptomatology on several test plants and the reactivity to an antiserum showed that they were identical to that of a Japanese strain of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-J). The viral infection was also confirmed by a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide primers that amplity the coat protein gene of PMMoV-RNA. On the other hand, the RT-PCR allowed us to detect PMMoV in seeds of some commercial cultivars of green pepper. Viruses isolated from the seeds could infect L2 plants systemically. Further analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the predicted coat protein gene revealed that the isolates from the commercial seeds were identical to that of PMMoV-J. These results indicated that the L2 resistance-breaking tobamovirus has prevailed in fields of green pepper in Japan. and that infected seeds may be one of the initial sources of the viral infection

Comparative genomics of Glandirana rugosa using unsupervised AI reveals a high CG frequency

The Japanese wrinkled frog (Glandirana rugosa) is unique in having both XX-XY and ZZ-ZW types of sex chromosomes within the species. The genome sequencing and comparative genomics with other frogs should be important to understand mechanisms of turnover of sex chromosomes within one species or during a short period. In this study, we analyzed the newly sequenced genome of G. rugosa using a batch-learning self-organizing map which is unsupervised artificial intelligence for oligonucleotide compositions. To clarify genome characteristics of G. rugosa, we compared its short oligonucleotide compositions in all 1-Mb genomic fragments with those of other six frog species (Pyxicephalus adspersus, Rhinella marina, Spea multiplicata, Leptobrachium leishanense, Xenopus laevis, and Xenopus tropicalis). In G. rugosa, we found an Mb-level large size of repeat sequences having a high identity with the W chromosome of the African bullfrog (P. adspersus). Our study concluded that G. rugosa has unique genome characteristics with a high CG frequency, and its genome is assumed to heterochromatinize a large size of genome via methylataion of CG

基礎看護学実習（見学）直前の手洗い演習が主体的学習態度に与える因子 －「見学実習に活かしたいこと」の記述内容から－

　本研究の目的は，手洗い演習を通して主体的学習態度に与える因子を明らかにすることである．短期大学部１年次生９４名を対象に，見学実習直前に手洗い演習と自記式質問紙を実施し，その中の「見学実習に活かしたいこと」に自由記載された内容を内容分析した．その結果【洗い方の修正】【患者に感染させない】【病院で気をつけること】【看護師の手洗いへの興味】【実習に臨む姿勢】【病院の実施方法・設備への関心】【自分の感染予防】【手洗いは大切】の８カテゴリーが抽出され，主体的学習態度の動機付けとなる８つの因子が明らかになった．以上のことから，実習直前の手洗い演習は主体的学習の動機付けとなったことが示唆された

看護師のプリセプターとしての役割意識

本研究の目的は，プリセプターを担うことになった看護師が，どのような役割意識もってかかわっているのかを明らかにすることである．調査の対象者は，毎年３０名前後の新卒看護師が就職する６病院で，マンツーマンのプリセプターシップを行った２６名である．データ収集は，「プリセプターを指名された時の気持ち」「プリセプターとしての準備」から構成した半構成的質問紙による調査を行った．分析は，内容分析を行った．その結果，【プリセプターを指名された時の気持ち】，【プリセプターとしてかかわっていく上での目標】，【かかわることへの心構え】【プリセプターをするに当たっての準備】の４つのカテゴリーが抽出された．【プリセプターを指名された時の気持ち】では，「積極的な感情」をもった人が６名（２３．１%）であった．一方，「消極的な感情」を持った人が２０名（７６．９%）で，プリセプターという役割に対して不安や心配などの消極的な感情をもっていた．【プリセプターとしてかかわっていく上での目標】では，「プリセプティとの関係性を築く」，「プリセプティにとって良いモデルを示す」，「協力体制の活用」，「プリセプティの達成度」の４つのサブカテゴリーになっていた．その中で最も多かったものは「プリセプティとの関係性を築く」であった．【かかわることへの心構え】では「自分とプリセプティとの関係性」，「かかわる時の態度」，「指導方法」，「プリセプティの評価」の４つのサブカテゴリーになっていた．【プリセプターをするに当たっての準備】では，個人的な準備として「文献学習」や「指導計画の作成」を１５名（５７．７％）が行っていた．以上の結果から，プリセプターという役割に対して不安や心配などの消極的な感情をもっていても，かかわりや指導の方向性を見出していることが明らかとなった．しかし，プリセプターには戸惑いやストレスなどがあることから，プリセプターの意識を一人で貫くのは容易ではないことが示唆されたThe aim of this research was to find out more about how nurses who acted as preceptors viewed their role. A survey of 26 nurses, who acted as preceptors on a one-to-one basis, was carried out in six hospitals which take on around 30 new graduate nurses every year. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to find out about the nurses’ feelings when chosen to be a preceptor and how they prepared for the role. The content of their replies was then examined. Four categories were extracted from the results: Feelings when selected as a preceptor, Aims in working as a preceptor, Attitude toward involvement, and Preparations for being a preceptor. In the category of Feelings when selected as a preceptor, 6 nurses (23%) had “positive feelings” while 20 (76.9%) had “negative feelings,” some with uneasiness or concern about taking on the role of preceptor. Int he category of Aims in working as a preceptor, four subcategories were identified: “build a good relationship with the preceptee,” “be a good role model for the preceptee,” “work together to produce a good result,” and “help the preceptee to make progress.” Among these four subcategories“ build a good relationship with the preceptee” was the most common. In Attitude toward involvement there were also four subcategories: “one’s relationship with the preceptee,” “manner during involvement,” “guidance methods,” and “evaluation of preceptee.” In Preparations for being a preceptor, 15 nurses (57. 7%)“ studied the literature” or “prepared guidance plans.” The results showed that, despite some negative feelings of unease and worry about the role of preceptor, the nurses were able to find a direction for their involvement and guidance of preceptees. However,the fact that the preceptors felt confused and stressed suggests that it is not easy for individual nurses become accustomed to the mindset of a preceptor

Pre-post changes in psychosocial functioning among relatives of patients with depressive disorders after Brief Multifamily Psychoeducation: A pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Depressive disorder is often chronic and recurrent, and results in a heavy psychosocial burden on the families of patients with this disorder. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of brief multifamily psychoeducation designed to alleviate their psychosocial burden.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two relatives of patients with major depressive disorder participated in an open study testing the effectiveness of brief multifamily psychoeducation. The intervention consisted of four sessions over the course of 6 weeks. Outcome measures focused on emotional distress, care burden and Expressed Emotion (EE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The emotional distress, care burden and EE of the family all showed statistically significant improvements from baseline to after the family intervention. The proportion of relatives scoring 9 or more on K6, which indicates possible depressive or anxiety disorder, decreased from sixteen relatives (50.0%) at baseline, to only 3 relatives (9.3%) after the intervention.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study suggests that brief multifamily psychoeducation is a useful intervention to reduce the psychosocial burden of the relatives of patients with depressive disorder. Further evaluation of family psychoeducation for relatives of patients with depressive disorder is warranted.</p

平成29年度「卒業研究」実践報告

今年度の卒業研究はテーマ設定に関する時間を確保するために、2年次の「T-GAP」の内容に卒業研究の内容を含めて実施した。評価に関しては国際バカロレアの「課題論文」(EE)を参考にしつつ、生徒の実態に沿う形で評価規準を作り直して使用した。テーマ設定に時間をかけたころとなどにより、多くの先行研究を参考にし、主体的に課題を設定して卒業研究に取り組む姿が確認された

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead