The Design of Experimental Production of Briquette Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Fiber and Kernel Meal Residual

The objective of this research was to study the experimental design for the production of briquette solid fuel from oil palm fiber and kernel meal residue by Factorial Design. Independent variables consisted of mixture ratio of oil palm fiber to oil palm kernel meal residue, percent of coordinate volume and the briquette forming pressure whereas the dependent variables were composed of compression resistance value, impact resistance value and combustion rate. The results of the experimental design showed that at 20 tons of forming pressure, the mixture ratio of kernel meal residue to oil palm fiber 80:20 and 20 percent of coordinate volume provided the best compression resistance value of 2,636 Newton with 85.75% impact resistance value, combustion rate of 1.71 Grams/Minute, heating value of 4386.3 Calories/Gram and the density of 700 Kilograms/Cubic Meter

The Influence of Parameters Affecting Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Semi-Solid-Metal 7075 Aluminum Alloy by Using Friction Stir Spot Welding

This research aims to study the influence of parameters that affect the mechanical properties of semi-solid-metal 7075 aluminum alloy with friction stir spot welding process. The parameters fort this experiment such as rotation welding speed at 380, 760, 1240 and 2500 rpm and rotation welding time at 60, 90 and 120 seconds were employed respectively. The study found that the welded specimens at all the conditions can be welded very well. Moreover, friction stir spot welding process showed that the hardness in weld zone had an average value at 79.83 HV which is lower than the hardness of the base metal. The shear tensile strength of the welded specimens had the average value approximately 194.20 MPa at rotation welding speed of 1240 rpm, rotation welding time of 120 seconds and plunge of depth of 2 millimetres. The microstructure in the weld zone and thermal mechanical affected zone were deformed permanently. Therefore, friction stir spot welding process of this aluminum alloy provided good effects on mechanical properties. Statistical analysis showed that the coefficient of determination R-square was equal to 93.50 percent. This means that the variations of the experiments were controllable, such as equipment or other factors in the experiment. For the remaining, only 6.50 percent was uncontrolled factors

Laboratory experiment on copper and lead adsorption ability of microplastics

The persistent presence of microplastics in the marine environment has become a major threat to many marine organisms and this issue continues with heavy metals pollution. Microplastics and heavy metals are commonly categorized in different type of pollutant group and the understanding of interlinkage between these two contaminants is less discovered. During 7 days laboratory controlled experimentation, we examined the heavy metals; copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) adsorption ability of microplastics fragment derived from plastic straws and plastic grocery bags. We found that both microplastic types adsorbed the two heavy metals through exposure to Cu and Pb spiked seawater with different concentrations, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was represented using partition coefficients that resulted in coefficients between the microplastic fragments and water ranged between 5 and 28 for Cu on plastic straws and bags fragment; 3 and 35 for Pb. The adsorption of Cu and Pb both was significantly higher in plastic bag micro fragments, probably due to higher surface area and polarity. Throughout the experiments time expansion, the concentrations of Cu and Pb significantly increased on both microplastic types. The results of consequential interaction between the selected microplastics and heavy metals strongly support the condition of microplastic ability to adsorb heavy metals and act as a vector for heavy metal ions distribution in the marine ecosystem

Microplastic abundance in blood cockles and shrimps from fishery market, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand

Microplastics have been one of the major pollutants in the marine environment throughout the recent decade. At present, microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems of Thailand region has become an increasing environmental concern because the ingestion of microplastics in marine organisms may adversely influence the safety of seafood. Cockles and shrimps widely distribute among marine organisms in Thailand since they are one of the commercial sources of seafood, which may be a route of exposure to microplastics towards human. This study documents a market survey in order to understand the extension of microplastic presence in blood cockles (Anadara granosa), fine shrimp (Metapenaeus elegans) and Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) sold in the fishery market in Singhanakorn district, Songkhla province. These selected species are widely consumed and economically important, especially in the southern Thailand region. The total microplastic concentration in blood cockles is 4.71±0.06 n/g (wet weight) and 2.64±0.01 n/individual; in fine shrimp is 0.50±0.19 n/g (wet weight) and 3.70±1.12 n/individual; in Indian white shrimp is 0.69±0.48 n/g (wet weight) and 3.45±0.04n/individual. Discovered microplastics in all the species samples were mainly composed of microplastic fibres and black colour was found to be more predominant. Our results indicate that microplastic contamination is present in Thailand’s commercial seafood species. As microplastic able to be transferred to human through food web, we suggest further market-based survey studies on other seafood sources

การประเมินอัตราการกัดกร่อนของผิวเชื่อมพอกไส้ฟลักซ์เกรด x111-t5-k4 และ e71t-1ch8/t/9m-d

วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร, 11 (1) : 23-33After a propeller shaft was damaged from chloride in sea water, it has been fixed by MAG welding process with flux cored wire. Its service life after welded depends on the corrosion resistance of the weld metal. This research aimed to compare the corrosion resistance of two different weld metals between X111-T5-K4 and E71T-1CH8/T/9M-D flux core wire. The test specimens were prepared according to the ASTM G1-103 standard and tested by salt spray test, conforming to the ASTM B 117 standard. The result of the test showed that the corrosion rate of the weld metal using X111-T5-K4 flux cored wire is lower than the weld metal of E71T-1CH8/T/9M-D flux cored wire, which was 0.21 and 0.32 mm2/hr., respectively. The mass loss at 24 hours of E71T-1CH8/T/9M-D, X111-T5-K4 flux core wire were 0.32 and 0.48 grams, respectively. Therefore, enhancing the service life of propeller shaft from chloride corrosion should use X111-T5-K4 flux core as weld metalRajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

Corophiine amphipods of the genera Chelicorophium and Paracorophium from the lower Gulf of Thailand (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Corophiidae, Corophiinae)

Two species of corophiine amphipods from Songkhla Lake, in the lower Gulf of Thailand, are described and illustrated. Chelicorophium madrasensis (Nayar, 1950), found in the mangrove forest, has not previously been observed in Thai waters. Paracorophium angsupanichae sp. n. is characterized by its chelate male gnathopod 2, obtuse palm with subrectangular distomedial elevation, and urosomites 1-3 free. This is the first record of the genus Chelicorophium and Paracorophium in Thai waters. All specimens are deposited in the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand and the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin

Design Analysis of Overhead Crane for Maintenance Workshop

This research aimed to study the design of the overhead crane of a small fishing boat maintenance factory according to the building and functional requirements of the project based on the ASME B30.2-2005 Standard. The results of the study showed that the design of the runway with steel structure BS: 5950: 2000 grade s460 provided vertical and horizontal deflection values of 4.96 and 16.62 respectively that did not exceed the allowed deflection. It is strong enough for use in construction when the stresses on the beam bridge were analysed by the finite element program compared with the strength of the reinforced steel providing a safety value of 1.83

Type and Distribution of Microplastics in Beach Sediment along the Coast of the Eastern Gulf of Thailand

In the oceans and coasts, plastic waste poses a global threat to biodiversity. This study examined the types and distribution of microplastics in beach sediment along the coast of the eastern Gulf of Thailand in March 2018 (northeast monsoon = dry season) and July 2018 (southwest monsoon = rainy season). Microplastic samples were collected from six stations including Koh Khramyai Beach (Chonburi Province), Koh Mannai Beach (Rayong Province), Chao Lao Beach (Chanthaburi Province, 3 stations), and Ploy Dang Beach (Trat Province). The results showed that the highest average abundances of microplastics in March and July were at Koh Mannai Beach (1698 pieces/m2) and Koh Khramyai Beach (799 pieces/m2), respectively. However, no microplastics were found at Ploy Dang Beach in July. According to polymer-type identification using an FTIR spectrometer, 17 polymer types were found in this study. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET = 39.6%) and polyamide (PA = 22.8%) were the polymer types found in the highest proportions in March and July, respectively. In addition, the fiber shape and transparent color of microplastics were found to be the most abundant

Type and Distribution of Microplastics in Beach Sediment along the Coast of the Eastern Gulf of Thailand

In the oceans and coasts, plastic waste poses a global threat to biodiversity. This study examined the types and distribution of microplastics in beach sediment along the coast of the eastern Gulf of Thailand in March 2018 (northeast monsoon = dry season) and July 2018 (southwest monsoon = rainy season). Microplastic samples were collected from six stations including Koh Khramyai Beach (Chonburi Province), Koh Mannai Beach (Rayong Province), Chao Lao Beach (Chanthaburi Province, 3 stations), and Ploy Dang Beach (Trat Province). The results showed that the highest average abundances of microplastics in March and July were at Koh Mannai Beach (1698 pieces/m2) and Koh Khramyai Beach (799 pieces/m2), respectively. However, no microplastics were found at Ploy Dang Beach in July. According to polymer-type identification using an FTIR spectrometer, 17 polymer types were found in this study. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET = 39.6%) and polyamide (PA = 22.8%) were the polymer types found in the highest proportions in March and July, respectively. In addition, the fiber shape and transparent color of microplastics were found to be the most abundant

Design Analysis of Overhead Crane for Maintenance Workshop

This research aimed to study the design of the overhead crane of a small fishing boat maintenance factory according to the building and functional requirements of the project based on the ASME B30.2-2005 Standard. The results of the study showed that the design of the runway with steel structure BS: 5950: 2000 grade s460 provided vertical and horizontal deflection values of 4.96 and 16.62 respectively that did not exceed the allowed deflection. It is strong enough for use in construction when the stresses on the beam bridge were analysed by the finite element program compared with the strength of the reinforced steel providing a safety value of 1.83