51 research outputs found
Texts Less Travelled: The Case of Women Philosophers
This chapter discusses several possible reasons why works by women philosophers have traveled significantly less than those written by men, although womenâs contributions go back to the start of European history of philosophy. Differentiating between geographic, linguistic, historic and philosophical travels, Tove Pettersen claims that gender is particularly significant with regard to historical and philosophical traveling. As the case of women philosophers clearly demonstrate, gender hampers the circulation of certain texts and inhibit transhistorical exchange of knowledge and ideas. ******
Che chapitre examine plusieurs raisons possibles pour expliquer pourquoi les Ĺuvres de femmes philosophes ont âvoyageâ beaucoup moins que celle des hommes, bien que la contribution des femmes remonte au dĂŠbut de l´histoire europĂŠenne de la philosophie. Distinguant entre plusieurs façons de voyager â gĂŠographique, linguistique, historique et philosophique â, Tove Pettersen soutient que le âgenreâ est un facteur particulièrement significative par rapport au voyage historique et philosophique- Comme le dĂŠmontre clairement le cas des femmes philosophes, leur genre nuit ĂĄ la circulation de certains textes ainsi quâĂ lâĂŠchange transnational du savoir et des idĂŠes
LoveâAccording to Simone de Beauvoir
Beauvoir discusses various kinds of personal love in her work, including maternal love, lesbian love, friendship, and heterosexual love. In her portrayal of heterosexual love, she draws a distinction between two main types, inauthentic and authentic. Authentic love is âfounded on mutual recognition of two liberties,â always freely chosen and sustained. It requires that the lovers maintain their individuality, while at the same time acknowledging each otherâs differences. Inauthentic love is founded on inequality between the sexes, on submission and domination. It prevents both women and men from experiencing freedom, comradeship and the joy of loving. This distinction is, I argue, applicable also to other types of love. Unlike Sartre, Beauvoir believes authentic love is possible. I contrast their respective views. Towards the end, I consider Beauvoirâs idea of authentic love in light of her concept of moral freedom, and argue that Beauvoirâs authentic love foreshadows feminist notion of ârelational autonomy.
Existential Humanism and Moral Freedom in Simone de Beauvoir's Ethics
In "Existential Humanism and Moral Freedom in Simone de Beauvoir's Ethics" Tove Pettersen elucidates the close connection between Beauvoirâs ethics and humanism, and argues that her humanism is an existential humanism. Beauvoirâs concept of freedom is inspected, followed by a discussion of her reasons for making moral freedom the leading normative value, and her claim that we must act for humanity. In Beauvoirâs ethics, freedom is not reserved for the elite, but understood as everyone being âable to surpass the given toward an open future.â By addressing the continuing friction between individual freedom and public interests, Beauvoirâs normative thinking remains highly relevant today. It also exemplifies the enduring importance of humanistic reflections and demonstrates how, through critical and creative thinking, the humanities can contribute to a free, well-functioning democratic society
Kjønn og feminisme i norsk filosofi- Noen betraktninger
Despite the fact that Norway is considered to be one of the most gender equal countries in the world, the proportion of women in philosophy is still low. In this article, we reflect on women's presence in Norwegian philosophy, partly based on interviews with Norwegian women philosophers from different universities.
We discuss the low proportion of women among students and staff in the field, investigate whether gender perspectives and feminist philosophy are present in the study of philosophy today. We also identify some characteristics of the Norwegian postwar philosophy, such as diversity and openness, power struggles and gender blindness. Our material also shows that measures to improve gender balance in philosophy, has met fierce resistance. We discuss how the features of Norwegian postwar philosophy, together with direct and indirect stereotypes on gender, rationality and natural properties, has contributed to the fact that women still are a minority in Norwegian philosophy.
We also argue that the study of feminist philosophy and the integration of gender perspective is necessary in order to achieve gender equality in the discipline, to pave way for a new development in Norwegian philosophy, and to ensure the quality of higher education
Patient and public involvement in health research from researchers' perspective
Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly considered an
integral part of health research, and the focus has shifted from why we need PPI to
how users can be involved in a meaningful way. The rationale for investigating
experiences with PPI from the perspective of occupational therapy (OT)âtrained
researchers' originates in the interrelationship between the inclusive approach to
knowledge production, and participation and inclusion as core tenets of OT. The
aim of this study was to explore PPI in health research from the perspective of
OTâtrained researchers.
Method: Semiâstructured individual interviews were conducted online with nine
Norwegian researchers. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic
analysis.
Results: Professional background and clinical experience from personâcentred OT
formed the foundation for how these researchers approached and facilitated PPI in
their research. Valuing experiential knowledge and facilitating PPI to be meaningful
for public collaborators were highlighted as essential for PPI to have an impact. The
need to balance mutual expectations, requirements for research, and what might be
possible to achieve within a research study were found to be vital.
Conclusion: Collaborative clinical experience constituted a sound foundation for
implementing PPI in research. The occupational perspective underlines the
importance of acknowledging experiential knowledge as essential to facilitating
meaningful PPI. Challenges related to requirements for research and culture for
implementing PPI were addressed by clarifying roles and expectations.
Patient or Public Contribution: Three public collaborators were involved in
developing the aims, the interview guide, and the data analysis. They all had
previous experience being involved in research
Cancer-associated fibroblasts from human NSCLC survive ablative doses of radiation but their invasive capacity is reduced
<p>Background: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are significant components of solid malignancies and play central roles in cancer sustainability, invasion and metastasis. In this study we have investigated the invasive capacity and matrix remodelling properties of human lung CAFs after exposure to ablative doses of ionizing radiation (AIR), equivalent to single fractions delivered by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SART) for medically inoperable stage-I/II non-small-cell lung cancers.</p>
<p>Methods: CAFs were isolated from lung tumour specimens from 16 donors. Initially, intrinsic radiosensitivity was evaluated by checking viability and extent of DNA-damage response (DDR) at different radiation doses. The migrative and invasive capacities of CAFs were thereafter determined after a sub-lethal single radiation dose of 18 Gy. To ascertain the mechanisms behind the altered invasive capacity of cells, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs) were measured in the conditioned media several days post-irradiation, along with expression of cell surface integrins and dynamics of focal contacts by vinculin-staining.</p>
<p>Results: Exposing CAFs to 1 à 18 Gy resulted in a potent induction of multiple nuclear DDR foci (> 9/cell) with little resolution after 120 h, induced premature cellular senescence and inhibition of the proliferative, migrative and invasive capacity. AIR promoted MMP-3 and inhibited MMP-1 appearance to some extent, but did not affect expression of other major MMPs. Furthermore, surface expression of integrins ι2, β1 and ι5 was consistently enhanced, and a dramatic augmentation and redistribution of focal contacts was observed.</p>
<p>Conclusions: Our data indicate that ablative doses of radiation exert advantageous inhibitory effects on the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of lung CAFs. The reduced motility of irradiated CAFs might be a consequence of stabilized focal contacts via integrins.</p>
Mature Care and Nursing in Psychiatry: Notions Regarding Reciprocity in Asymmetric Professional Relationships
The idea behind this article is to discuss the importance and to develop the concept of reciprocity in asymmetric professional relationships. As an empirical starting point for an examination of the possible forms of reciprocity between patients and nurses in psychiatry, we chose two qualitative in-depth interviews with two different patients. The manners in which these two patients relate to medical personnelâone is dependent, the other is independentâshow that this presents challenges to nurses. The theoretical context is provided by the notion of mature care as it has been developed by feminist-oriented ethics of care, in contrast to the notion of altruistic care. In relation to the concept of mature care, we discuss how nursing can be perceived in demanding relationships with patients in psychiatry. Reciprocity implies that, in principle, the interests of the nurses also matter in a nurse-patient relationship. We show that reciprocityâin practiceâis complicated and challenging in a number of different ways. Mature careâwith its systematic inclusion of relationships and reciprocityâprovides an alternative understanding of what takes place between patients and nurses compared with an altruistic notion of care. As such, mature care can be regarded as an useful paradigm for nurse-patient relationships in psychiatry
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