Integrated health service delivery networks and tuberculosis avoidable hospitalizations: is there a relation between them in Brazil?

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud The early identification of the Breathing Symptoms within the scope of Primary Health Care is recommended, and is also one of the strategies of national sanitary authorities for reaching the elimination of tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to consider which attributes and which territories have shown the most significant progress in Primary Health Care, in terms of coordination of Health Care Networks, and also check if those areas of Primary Health Care that are most critical regarding coordination, there were more or less cases of avoidable hospitalizations for tuberculosis.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud This is an ecological study that uses primary and secondary data. For analysis, coropletic maps were developed through the ArcGIS software, version 10.2. There was also the calculation of gross annual and Bayesian rates for hospitalizations for tuberculosis, for each Primary Health Care territory.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud There were satisfactory results for attributes such as Population (n = 37; 80.4 %), Primary Health Care (n = 43; 93.5 %), Support System (n = 45; 97.8 %); the exceptions were Logistics System (n = 32; 76.0 %) and Governance System, with fewer units in good condition (n = 31; 67.3 %). There is no evidence of any connection between networks’ coordination by Primary Health Care and tuberculosis avoidable admissions.\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud The results show that progress has been made regarding the coordination of the Health Care Networks, and a positive trend has been shown, even though the levels are not excellent. It was found no relationship between the critical areas of Primary Health Care and tuberculosis avoidable hospitalizations, possibly because other variables necessary to comprehend the phenomena.We are grateful to the Municipal Secretariat for Health, for the partnership\ud and support they have provided in the materialization of the study. We also\ud thank the coordinators of the Health Districts, for the articulation with the\ud managers of the Units and also as they have made it possible for us to\ud participate in the Ordinary General Meeting for the presentation of the\ud study. We thank the managers of the Health Units who have so kindly\ud opened the doors of their Units to our team, also encouraging the\ud participation of their employees. We thank the health workers for having\ud agreed to participate in the study, essentially as they have believed in the\ud potential of Primary Health Care for a change in model. Last but not least, to\ud the team from the Reference Hospital for making available the secondary\ud data. The Foundation of Support for Research of the State of São Paulo\ud (Fundação de Amparo e Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP)\ud (Processes No. 2012/51235-5 and No. 2013/22486-2)

Primary Health Care in the Coordination to Health Care Networks and your relationship with hospitalizations as avoidable of tuberculosis

O estudo objetivou analisar a capacidade de coordenação da Rede de Atenção à Saúde pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, nas distintas Áreas de Abrangência das Unidades de Saúde, e verificar se sua capacidade de coordenação tem relação com as Internações evitáveis por Tuberculose. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, o qual utilizou dados primários e secundários. Os dados primários consistiram da aplicação de um instrumento validado junto às equipes da Atenção Primária à Saúde, sendo constituído por 78 questões estruturadas segundo escala Likert de 5 pontos, as quais são divididas em cinco atributos: População; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Sistemas de Apoio; Sistemas Logísticos e Sistema de Governança. Os casos de internações evitáveis por TB foram coletados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar. A unidade ecológica considerada para a pesquisa foi a área de abrangência da unidade de saúde, as quais foram classificadas por escores, segundo a capacidade de coordenação na globalidade e por atributos, assumindo: 0 a 25%, condição insatisfatória; 25,01 a 50%, condição regular; 50,01% a 75%, condição boa; 75,01% a 100%, condição ótima. Para a análises dos dados, foram construídos mapas temáticos com a classificação das áreas de abrangência na globalidade e por atributos, utilizando-se o software ArcGIS versão 10.2. As internações evitáveis por tuberculose foram georeferenciadas e calculadas as taxas brutas anuais e as taxas bayesianas empíricas locais para cada área de abrangência, as quais foram agrupadas em quintis no software ArcGIS versão 10.2. Em seguida, aplicou-se modelo de regressão linear múltipla a fim de verificar a relação entre as variáveis estudadas. Observaram-se unidades classificadas como condição boa na maioria dos atributos como População (n= 37; 80,4%), Atenção Primária à Saúde (n=43; 93,5%), Sistema de Apoio (n=45; 97,8%); exceto Sistema Logístico (n= 32; 76%) e Sistema de Governança (n=31; 67,3%). No município nenhuma das áreas foi classificada como condição insatisfatória e somente uma área apresentou condição ótima. Não foram identificados resultados estatísticamente significativos da relação entre a coordenação das Redes de Atenção à Saúde e as Internações evitáveis por Tuberculose. Pode- se concluir que o município tem avançado na estruturação do seu sistema em redes, mas apresenta fragilidades em alguns atributos como logístico e de governançaThis study has analyzed the coordination of the Health Care Network for Primary Health Care in different Health Units Coverage Areas. Additionally it has verified if this coordination is related to avoidable hospitalizations in tuberculosis. This is an ecological study, with used primary and secondary data. Primary data consisted of application validated instrument Together as Teams of Primary Health, consisting of 78 questions structured According Likert scale of 5 points, as which are divided into five Attributes: Population; Primary Health Care; Support Systems; Logistic Systems and Governance System. In addition to questions regarding characterization of Research Participants. Secondary dara were colleted the Hospital Information System. Ecological unit considered paragraph research was one area covered by the health unit, as what were classified in scores according to the coordination capacity, overall and by attributes, assuming: 0-25%, unsatisfactory condition; 25.01 to 50%, regular condition; 50.01% to 75%, good condition; 75.01% to 100%, great condition. For analyzes of the data, were built thematic maps with a rating of catchment areas as a whole and for attributes, using the ArcGIS software version 10.2. Then it was applied multiple linear regression model to investigate the relationship the variables studied. As avoidable hospitalizations in tuberculosis were georeferenced and calculated as annual crude rates and as empirical bayesian rates local paragraph each area of coverage. In then the were generated maps distribution of grouped rates quintiles no arcgis software version 10.2. They were observed units which are classified how good condition in most attributes as Population (n = 37; 80.4%), Primary Health Care (n = 43; 93.5%), Support System (n = 45; 97, 8%); except Logistics System (n = 32; 76%) and Governance System (n = 31; 67.3%). In the city there was no area classified as unsatisfactory condition and just one came up with great condition.They were not identified statistically significant results on relationship between coordination of the Health Care Networks and avoidable hospitalizations in tuberculosis. It can be concluded that the city has advanced in structuring its system networks but has weaknesses in some attributes such as logistics and governanc

Factors associated with knowledge about tuberculosis and attitudes of relatives of patients with the disease in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge regarding tuberculosis among relatives of patients with tuberculosis and the possible factors associated with this event and also to conduct comparative analyses between groups of relatives with or with few knowledge regarding tuberculosis, considering their attitudes in both groups.METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which the sample was obtained through simple and randomized method. The data were collected by trained interviewers and validated tool. Logistic regression analyses were done using statistical software SPSS, version 22.0.RESULTS: Among the 110 subjects recruited for the study, 85 (87.5%) were women, and the mean age was 49 years. Regarding common symptoms of tuberculosis, 102 relatives (90.9%) pointed the chronic cough; regarding the knowledge about tuberculosis transmission modes, 100 (90.9%) of them pointed symptomatic respiratory as the probable infection source. The relatives also reported other tuberculosis transmission models: sharing of clothes (n = 87; 79.1%) and household utensils (n = 66; 60%); sexual relations (n = 50; 50%). Illiterate relatives (adjusted OR = 4.39; 95%CI 1.11 - 17.36), those who do not watch or watch little television (adjusted OR = 3.99; 95%CI 1.2 - 13.26), and also those who do not have the Internet access (adjusted OR = 5.01; 95%CI 1.29 - 19.38) were more likely to have low knowledge regarding tuberculosis. Regardless the group, with or without tuberculosis knowledge, the attitudes of both were satisfactory.CONCLUSION: There are evidences that social inequity is associated to the tuberculosis knowledge of patient relatives.</sec

Estigma social e as famílias de doentes com tuberculose: um estudo a partir das análises de agrupamento e de correspondência múltipla

The social stigma associated with TB is a challenge facing management of the area of public health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the social stigma in families of patients with TB and identify the profile of those who are affected by the event in relation to socioeconomic and demographic conditions. It is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2011 in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 110 individuals. The data were analyzed using the univariate descriptive technique and cluster and multiple correspondence assessment. The stigmatized groups tend to have lower scholarity, incipient access to the media and little understanding about TB, as opposed to those that have higher educational levels, continuous access to the media, consider themselves well informed and show proactive attitudes to deal with the disease. The identification of varied profiles highlights the need to develop health interventions to cater to the singularities of families with respect to the social stigma of the disease.O estigma social da tuberculose é um desafio que se coloca à gestão do cuidado na área da saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o estigma social em famílias de doentes com TB e identificar o perfil daquelas que são acometidas pelo evento em relação às condições socioeconômicas e demográficas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no município de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, em 2011, com uma amostra de 110 sujeitos. Os dados foram analisados mediante técnica descritiva univariada e análises de agrupamento e de correspondência múltipla. Os grupos com estigma apresentaram baixa escolaridade, acesso incipiente aos meios de informação e pouca mobilização referente à compreensão sobre a doença, diferenciando-se dos demais grupos que apresentam comportamentos e atitudes positivas, com níveis de escolaridade mais elevados, acesso contínuo aos meios de informação e se dizem conhecedores da TB. A identificação de diferentes perfis aponta para necessidade de serem desenvolvidas ações em saúde sensíveis às singularidades das famílias no que se refere ao estigma social da doença.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Performance of a local health system to eliminate leprosy according to the domains longitudinality-relational and interpersonal communication, Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil (2013).

<p>Performance of a local health system to eliminate leprosy according to the domains longitudinality-relational and interpersonal communication, Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil (2013).</p