10 research outputs found
La valorisation des déchets organiques dans le maraßchage « péri-urbain » à Dakar (Sénégal) : pistes pour une diffusion massive
International audiencePeut-on assigner Ă lâagriculture une nouvelle fonction environnementale alors quâelle a de sĂ©rieuses difficultĂ©s Ă nourrir les Hommes ? Ce projet de rendre lâagriculture multifonctionnelle au service du dĂ©veloppement durable se trouve au coeur des pratiques de fertilisation organique dans le maraĂźchage Ă Dakar. Dans cet article, il sâagit de prĂ©senter le fonctionnement du systĂšme maraĂźcher dakarois et dâanalyser les opportunitĂ©s et les contraintes de la diffusion massive de la fertilisation organique auprĂšs des maraĂźchers. Des enquĂȘtes de terrain sociologiques ont permis de faire la lumiĂšre sur les diffĂ©rentes logiques et reprĂ©sentations sociales des acteurs
La valorisation des déchets organiques dans l'agriculture "péri-urbaine" à Dakar (Sénégal) : analyse d'une multifonctionnalité stratégique
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the double issue of integration or the gradual disappearance of agriculture in the city of Dakar and the agricultural use of urban organic waste. The first aspect raises immediately the question of territorial governance of local public action. The second aspect refers to the multifunctionality of agriculture in the context of greening of human activities to protect the environment. How do gardeners adapt to this double concern: to maintain agriculture in city and promote urban organic waste? How can agricultural multifunctionality contribute to maintain and strengthen gardening activity? These issues were tackled by adopting an interdisciplinary approach crossing especially sociology and geography. We suppose that this new environmental function of âperi-urbanâ agriculture is an opportunity for gardeners in Dakar to develop strategies for adaptation to the local context and to the project of greening of agriculture. A geographical approach of Niayesâ space (Dakar) showed that agricultural practices are largely determined by the characteristics of this environment under human transformation reinforced by urbanization. We show also that the agenda of agricultural development problems in the city Dakar is likely to display political than an actual entry in the urban project. Finally, it remains blocking factors to overcome for âenvironmentally intensifyâ the systems of production of agriculture. Some of these factors are based on the registration of agricultural practices in the local socio-cultural system and the relations that gardeners have with the scientific âworldâ and environmental issues.Lâobjet de cette thĂšse est dâanalyser la double question de lâintĂ©gration ou de lâeffacement progressif de lâagriculture dans la ville de Dakar et la valorisation agricole des dĂ©chets organiques urbains. Le premier aspect pose dâemblĂ©e la question de la gouvernance territoriale de lâaction publique locale. Le second aspect renvoie Ă la multifonctionnalitĂ© de lâagriculture dans un contexte dâĂ©cologisation des activitĂ©s humaines pour protĂ©ger lâenvironnement. Comment les maraĂźchers de Dakar sâadaptent-ils Ă cette double prĂ©occupation ? La multifonctionnalitĂ© agricole peut-elle contribuer au maintien et au renforcement de lâactivitĂ© maraĂźchĂšre ? Ces questions ont Ă©tĂ© abordĂ©es en adoptant une approche interdisciplinaire croisant en particulier la sociologie et la gĂ©ographie. Nous faisons lâhypothĂšse que cette nouvelle fonction environnementale de lâagriculture « pĂ©ri-urbaine » constitue une opportunitĂ© pour les maraĂźchers de Dakar pour dĂ©velopper des stratĂ©gies dâadaptation au contexte local et au projet dâĂ©cologisation du secteur agricole. Une approche gĂ©ographique de lâespace des Niayes (de Dakar) a fait apparaĂźtre que les pratiques agricoles sont largement dĂ©terminĂ©es par les caractĂ©ristiques de ce milieu soumis Ă une anthropisation renforcĂ©e par lâurbanisation. Nous montrons aussi que la mise en agenda des problĂšmes agricoles en ville Ă Dakar ressemble plus Ă de lâaffichage politique quâĂ une rĂ©elle inscription dans le projet urbain. Enfin, il existe des facteurs bloquants Ă surmonter pour « intensifier Ă©cologiquement » les systĂšmes de production agricole. Certains de ces facteurs trouvent leur origine dans lâinscription des pratiques agricoles dans le systĂšme socio-culturel local et dans le rapport des maraĂźchers avec le « monde » scientifique et les questions dâenvironnement
The valorization of organic waste in "peri-urban" agriculture in Dakar (Senegal) : analysis of a strategic multifunctionality
Lâobjet de cette thĂšse est dâanalyser la double question de lâintĂ©gration ou de lâeffacement progressif de lâagriculture dans la ville de Dakar et la valorisation agricole des dĂ©chets organiques urbains. Le premier aspect pose dâemblĂ©e la question de la gouvernance territoriale de lâaction publique locale. Le second aspect renvoie Ă la multifonctionnalitĂ© de lâagriculture dans un contexte dâĂ©cologisation des activitĂ©s humaines pour protĂ©ger lâenvironnement. Comment les maraĂźchers de Dakar sâadaptent-ils Ă cette double prĂ©occupation ? La multifonctionnalitĂ© agricole peut-elle contribuer au maintien et au renforcement de lâactivitĂ© maraĂźchĂšre ? Ces questions ont Ă©tĂ© abordĂ©es en adoptant une approche interdisciplinaire croisant en particulier la sociologie et la gĂ©ographie. Nous faisons lâhypothĂšse que cette nouvelle fonction environnementale de lâagriculture « pĂ©ri-urbaine » constitue une opportunitĂ© pour les maraĂźchers de Dakar pour dĂ©velopper des stratĂ©gies dâadaptation au contexte local et au projet dâĂ©cologisation du secteur agricole. Une approche gĂ©ographique de lâespace des Niayes (de Dakar) a fait apparaĂźtre que les pratiques agricoles sont largement dĂ©terminĂ©es par les caractĂ©ristiques de ce milieu soumis Ă une anthropisation renforcĂ©e par lâurbanisation. Nous montrons aussi que la mise en agenda des problĂšmes agricoles en ville Ă Dakar ressemble plus Ă de lâaffichage politique quâĂ une rĂ©elle inscription dans le projet urbain. Enfin, il existe des facteurs bloquants Ă surmonter pour « intensifier Ă©cologiquement » les systĂšmes de production agricole. Certains de ces facteurs trouvent leur origine dans lâinscription des pratiques agricoles dans le systĂšme socio-culturel local et dans le rapport des maraĂźchers avec le « monde » scientifique et les questions dâenvironnement.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the double issue of integration or the gradual disappearance of agriculture in the city of Dakar and the agricultural use of urban organic waste. The first aspect raises immediately the question of territorial governance of local public action. The second aspect refers to the multifunctionality of agriculture in the context of greening of human activities to protect the environment. How do gardeners adapt to this double concern: to maintain agriculture in city and promote urban organic waste? How can agricultural multifunctionality contribute to maintain and strengthen gardening activity? These issues were tackled by adopting an interdisciplinary approach crossing especially sociology and geography. We suppose that this new environmental function of âperi-urbanâ agriculture is an opportunity for gardeners in Dakar to develop strategies for adaptation to the local context and to the project of greening of agriculture. A geographical approach of Niayesâ space (Dakar) showed that agricultural practices are largely determined by the characteristics of this environment under human transformation reinforced by urbanization. We show also that the agenda of agricultural development problems in the city Dakar is likely to display political than an actual entry in the urban project. Finally, it remains blocking factors to overcome for âenvironmentally intensifyâ the systems of production of agriculture. Some of these factors are based on the registration of agricultural practices in the local socio-cultural system and the relations that gardeners have with the scientific âworldâ and environmental issues
La valorisation environnementale et économique des « déchets » organiques dans le maraßchage périurbain à Dakar au Sénégal : acteurs, opportunités, contraintes et risques.
International audienc
La valorisation environnementale et économique de « déchets » organiques dans le maraßchage périurbain à Dakar au Sénégal : acteurs, opportunités, contraintes et risques.
International audienc
School Meals Case Study: Senegal
This school meals case study forms part of a collection led by the Research Consortium for School Health and Nutritionâs "Good Examples" Community of Practice. Developed by Sidy Toukara and Seyni KĂ©bĂ©, the School Meals Case Study of Senegal serves to document how the national school meals programme is organized, funded, and monitored throughout the country. The objectives of this case study include presenting an introduction to the country profile, outlining the design and implementation of school feeding programmes, describing their monitoring and evaluation processes, and highlighting lessons learned, best practices, and challenges. This case study is written as a working paper, and can be updated to reflect evolving circumstances. The âGood Examplesâ Community of Practice supports the evidence generation of the Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition, the evidence-generating arm of the School Meals Coalition. The Research Consortiumâs objective is to carry out independent research across diverse sectors and generate solid, compelling, and actionable evidence regarding the benefits of school food programs to inform evidence-based decision-making on school health and nutrition policies and practices
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and factors associated among female sex workers in West Africa.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to: (1) Estimate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among female sex workers (FSWs) in Mali and Benin as well as the prevalence of multiple HPV type infections in this group, and (2) Identify potential risk factors associated with high-risk (HR) HPV infections.MethodsWe analyzed baseline data of 665 FSWs aged ℠18 years recruited during a prospective cohort of cervical cancer screening in Cotonou (Benin) and Bamako (Mali) from 2017 to 2018. The Linear Array HPV genotyping test was used to identify HPV genotypes. Descriptive statistics and multivariate log-binomial regression were used. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated to identify risk factors associated with HR-HPV infections.ResultsHPV data were available for 659 FSWs (Benin: 309; Mali: 350). The mean age was 35.0 years (± 10.7) in Benin and 26.8 years (± 7.6) in Mali. The overall HPV prevalence rates were 95.5% in Benin and 81.4% in Mali. About 87.7% and 63.4% of FSWs harbored ℠2 HPV types in Benin and Mali, respectively. The top three prevalent HR-HPV among FSWs in Benin were: HPV58 (37.5%), HPV16 (36.6%) and HPV52 (28.8%). Corresponding patterns in Mali were HPV16 (15.7%), HPV51 (14.3%) and HPV52 (12.9%). In Benin, the main factors associated with HR-HPV were vaginal douching (APR = 1.17; 95%CI:1.02-1.34) and gonococcal infection (APR = 1.16; 95%CI:1.04-1.28), while in Mali they were sex work duration †1 year (APR = 1.35; 95%CI:1.10-1.65) and HIV infection (APR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06-1.51).ConclusionOur study found a very high prevalence of HPV infection as well as high frequency of multiple HPV type infections in FSWs in two countries in West Africa. These findings suggest the necessity to emphasize cervical cancer prevention in this high-risk group