Ser assistente social em uma empresa atualmente: como abordar a assistência social em uma empresa racionalizada?

This article is interested the practice of an often unrecognized professional category; occupational social workers by linking it to the transformations of the world of work to which it is closely linked. Indeed, we will endeavour to understand the impact of the rationalization in the enterprise on the professional daily of these professionals, particularly on the establishment of the support relationship in the streamlined enterprise, it is to see how management practices, the flexibilization of labour relations impact the employees they accompany and permanently transform their ways of working. This article is based on a thesis presented in 2016.En este artículo nos interesamos a un grupo profesional poco conocido: los asistentes sociales del trabajo uniéndolos a las transformaciones del mundo del trabajo al cual están estrechamente vinculados. De hecho, nos centraremos en comprender el impacto de la racionalización de la empresa en la vida profesional cotidiana de estos profesionales, particularmente sobre la puesta en marcha de la relación de ayudas en la empresa racionalizada; será una cuestión de ver cómo las prácticas de gestión, la flexibilización de las relaciones de trabajo impacta los asalariados que acompañan y transforman durablemente sus formas de trabajar. Este artículo se basa en mi trabajo de tesis presentado en 2016.Cet article s’intéresse à un groupe professionnel peu connu ; les assistants sociaux du travail en le reliant aux transformations du monde du travail auquel il est étroitement lié. En effet, nous nous attacherons à comprendre l’incidence de la rationalisation de l’entreprise sur le quotidien professionnel de ces professionnels, particulièrement sur la mise en place de la relation d’aide dans l’entreprise rationalisée, il s’agira de voir comment les pratiques gestionnaires, la flexibilisation des relations de travail impactent les salariés qu’elles accompagnent et  transforment durablement leurs façons de travailler. Cet article s’appuie sur mon travail de thèse soutenue en 2016.   Cet article s’intéresse à un groupe professionnel peu connu ; les assistants sociaux du travail en le reliant aux transformations du monde du travail auquel il est étroitement lié. En effet, nous nous attacherons à comprendre l’incidence de la rationalisation de l’entreprise sur le quotidien professionnel de ces professionnels, particulièrement sur la mise en place de la relation d’aide dans l’entreprise rationalisée, il s’agira de voir comment les pratiques gestionnaires, la flexibilisation des relations de travail impactent les salariés qu’elles accompagnent et  transforment durablement leurs façons de travailler. Cet article s’appuie sur mon travail de thèse soutenue en 2016.  Este artigo analisa um grupo professional pouco conhecido, os trabalhadores sociais do trabalho, ligando-o às transformações do mundo do trabalho ao qual está estreitamente ligado.De fato, nos esforçaremos para entender o impacto da racionalização da empresa no cotidiano profissional desses profissionais, particularmente no estabelecimento da relação de ajuda na empresa enxuta ; Será uma questão de ver como as práticas gerenciais, a flexibilização das relações de trabalho impactam os colaboradores a quem acompanham e transformam duradouramente suas formas de trabalhar. Este artigo é baseado no meu trabalho de tese defendido em 2016

Impact of Physical Activity on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomised Controlled Study

Purpose: To study the effects of physical training on behavior and balance issues in elderly people afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease. Method: Forty patients (average age: 80 years old) participated in the study. The individuals were placed into two groups: a control group, which did not participate in any kind of training, and a trained group, which followed an eight-week training program. The training program comprised 2–3 sessions of light physical activity or walking per week; each session had an average duration of 15–55 min. Before (T1) and after (T2) the training program, an assessment of the psychical, psychological, physical, and functional parameters was conducted. Results: Upon completion of the physical training program, there was a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the Tinetti test (T1: 19.5 ± 4.2 s; T2: 20.1 ± 4.1 s), a significant decrease in the completion time of the “get up and go” track for all of the participants (T1: 23.1 ± 8.1 s; T2: 19.5 ± 6.1 s), and a significant reduction in the seriousness of the behavioral issues observed. Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that physical training had an overall beneficial impact on Alzheimer’s patients, especially on their behavior and balance

Medicago truncatula symbiosis mutants affected in the interaction with a biotrophic root pathogen.

Understanding how plants balance between enabling microbial symbionts and fending off pathogens has direct implications both for basic plant biology and optimal use of crop plants in agriculture. The degree to which the processes associated with these two types of interactions overlap is poorly known. Recent studies revealed that symbiotic and pathogenic filamentous microbes require common plant genetic elements to establish colonisation (Wang et al., 2012; Rey et al., 2013), supporting the long-held view that plants have evolved the ability to accommodate microbes (Parniske, 2000) and that pathogens have exploited these pathways. However, the extent to which plant genes implicated in fungal or bacterial symbioses are involved in interactions with biotrophic pathogens is unknown and research has been hampered by the lack of suitable common host experimental systems. P. palmivora, a root-infecting oomycete, is an aggressive biotrophic pathogen of M. truncatula, a model legume plant that is widely used in symbiosis research. Expression of fluorescent proteins in P. palmivora permits visualisation of infection structures in M. truncatula roots. During its initial biotrophic colonisation of M. truncatula roots which lasts until about 48 hours post infection (hpi), P. palmivora zoospores expressing tdtomato red fluorescent protein (isolate AJ-td) germinate and form appressoria to penetrate the epidermis followed by rapid colonisation of the root cortex apoplast and projection of short specialised hyphae, termed haustoria into plant cells (Fig. 1a). P. palmivora infection is accompanied by visible disease development in M. truncatula seedlings consisting of translucent tissue at the root tip at two days post inoculation (dpi) and tissue browning in upper parts of the root at three dpi. (Fig. 1b, see also supplementary material). Concomitant with a switch to a nectrophic lifestyle, the pathogen enters the vasculature (Fig. 1a).We wish to thank numerous members of the symbiosis community for providing plant material and fruitful discussions (see table S1), to S. Whisson and H. Judelson for providing fluorescent protein expression vectors and M. Smoker and T. Yunusov for help with P. palmivora culturing and transformation. We are grateful to S. Kamoun for his continued support and input into an early draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation [RG62472 to S.S.]; by the Royal Society (RG69135 to S.S.) and by a Marie Curie Intra-European fellowship [FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, SYMUNITY- EC project 624398 to T.R.].This is the author accepted manuscript. The final published version is available from Wiley at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13233/abstract

The Medicago truncatula GRAS protein RAD1 supports arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and Phytophthora palmivora susceptibility.

The roots of most land plants are colonized by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. To facilitate this symbiosis, plant genomes encode a set of genes required for microbial perception and accommodation. However, the extent to which infection by filamentous root pathogens also relies on some of these genes remains an open question. Here, we used genome-wide association mapping to identify genes contributing to colonization of Medicago truncatula roots by the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers most significantly associated with plant colonization response were identified upstream of RAD1, which encodes a GRAS transcription regulator first negatively implicated in root nodule symbiosis and recently identified as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. RAD1 transcript levels are up-regulated both in response to AM fungus and, to a lower extent, in infected tissues by P. palmivora where its expression is restricted to root cortex cells proximal to pathogen hyphae. Reverse genetics showed that reduction of RAD1 transcript levels as well as a rad1 mutant are impaired in their full colonization by AM fungi as well as by P. palmivora. Thus, the importance of RAD1 extends beyond symbiotic interactions, suggesting a general involvement in M. truncatula microbe-induced root development and interactions with unrelated beneficial and detrimental filamentous microbes

Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A Alters Early Adipogenesis in the Rat

BACKGROUND: The causes of the current obesity pandemic have not been fully elucidated. Implication of environmental endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) on adipose tissue development has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on early adipose storage at weaning. METHODS: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats had access to drinking water containing 1 mg/L BPA from day 6 of gestation through the end of lactation. Pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. At that time, we investigated perigonadal adipose tissue of pups (weight, histology, gene expression). For the remaining animals, we recorded body weight and food intake for animals on either standard chow or a high-fat diet. RESULTS: Gestational exposure to BPA did not alter the sex ratio or litter size at birth. On PND1, the weight of male and female BPA-exposed pups was increased. On PND21, body weight was increased only in females, in which parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) weight was increased about 3-fold. This excess of pWAT was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and overexpression of lipogenic genes such as C/EBP-alpha (CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1). In addition, gene expression of SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) was also increased in liver from BPA-exposed females at PND21, without a change in circulating lipids and glucose. After weaning, perinatal BPA exposure predisposed to overweight in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. We observed no change in food intake due to perinatal BPA exposure in rats on either standard chow or a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal exposure to a low dose of BPA increased adipogenesis in females at weaning. Adult body weight may be programmed during early life, leading to changes dependent on the sex and the nutritional status. Although further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of BPA action in early life, these results are particularly important with regard to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and the context-dependent action of endocrine disruptors

Towards increased shading potential: a combined phenotypic and genetic analysis of rice shoot architecture

Rice feeds more than half of the world’s human population. In modern rice farming, a major constraint for productivity is weed proliferation and the ecological impact of herbicide application. Increased weed competitiveness of commercial rice varieties requires enhanced shade casting to limit growth of shade-sensitive weeds and the need for herbicide. We aimed to identify traits that enhance rice shading capacity based on the canopy architecture and the underlying genetic components. We performed a phenotypic screen of a rice diversity panel comprised of 344 varieties, examining 13 canopy architecture traits linked with shading capacity in 4-week-old plants. The analysis revealed a vast range of phenotypic variation across the diversity panel. We used trait correlation and clustering to identify core traits that define shading capacity to be shoot area, number of leaves, culm and solidity (the compactness of the shoot). To simplify the complex canopy architecture, these traits were combined into a Shading Rank metric that is indicative of a plant’s ability to cast shade. Genome wide association study (GWAS) revealed genetic loci underlying canopy architecture traits, out of which five loci were substantially contributing to shading potential. Subsequent haplotype analysis further explored allelic variation and identified seven haplotypes associated with increased shading. Identification of traits contributing to shading capacity and underlying allelic variation presented in this study will serve future genomic assisted breeding programmes. The investigated diversity panel, including widely grown varieties, shows that there is big potential and genetic resources for improvement of elite breeding lines. Implementing increased shading in rice breeding will make its farming less dependent on herbicides and contribute towards more environmentally sustainable agriculture. One sentence summary Through screening a rice diversity panel for variation in shoot architecture, we identified traits corresponding to plant shading potential and their genetic constituents

The design of a purpose-built exergame for fall prediction and prevention for older people

Background Falls in older people represent a major age-related health challenge facing our society. Novel methods for delivery of falls prevention programs are required to increase effectiveness and adherence to these programs while containing costs. The primary aim of the Information and Communications Technology-based System to Predict and Prevent Falls (iStoppFalls) project was to develop innovative home-based technologies for continuous monitoring and exercise-based prevention of falls in community-dwelling older people. The aim of this paper is to describe the components of the iStoppFalls system. Methods The system comprised of 1) a TV, 2) a PC, 3) the Microsoft Kinect, 4) a wearable sensor and 5) an assessment and training software as the main components. Results The iStoppFalls system implements existing technologies to deliver a tailored home-based exercise and education program aimed at reducing fall risk in older people. A risk assessment tool was designed to identify fall risk factors. The content and progression rules of the iStoppFalls exergames were developed from evidence-based fall prevention interventions targeting muscle strength and balance in older people. Conclusions The iStoppFalls fall prevention program, used in conjunction with the multifactorial fall risk assessment tool, aims to provide a comprehensive and individualised, yet novel fall risk assessment and prevention program that is feasible for widespread use to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. This work provides a new approach to engage older people in home-based exercise programs to complement or provide a potentially motivational alternative to traditional exercise to reduce the risk of falling

Dual-task costs while walking increase in old age for some, but not for other tasks: an experimental study of healthy young and elderly persons

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been suggested in the past that the ability to walk while concurrently engaging in a second task deteriorates in old age, and that this deficit is related to the high incidence of falls in the elderly. However, previous studies provided inconsistent findings about the existence of such an age-related dual-task deficit (ARD). In an effort to explain this inconsistency, we explored whether ARD while walking emerges for some, but not for other types of task.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Healthy young and elderly subjects were tested under five different combinations of a walking and a non-walking task. The results were analysed jointly with those of a previous study from our lab, such that a total of 13 task combinations were evaluated. For each task combination and subject, we calculated the mean dual-task costs across both constituent tasks, and quantified ARD as the difference between those costs in elderly and in young subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An analysis of covariance yielded no significant effects of obstacle presence and overall task difficulty on ARD, but a highly significant effect of visual demand: non-walking tasks which required ongoing visual observation led to ARD of more than 8%, while those without such requirements led to near-zero ARD. We therefore concluded that the visual demand of the non-walking task is critical for the emergence of ARD while walking.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Combinations of walking and concurrent visual observation, which are common in everyday life, may contribute towards disturbed gait and falls during daily activities in old age. Prevention and rehabilitation programs for seniors should therefore include training of such combinations.</p