Detection of adulteration and quality Evaluation of raw milk collected from Local markets in Bangladesh

This experiment was aimed to detect adulteration and assess the quality of raw milk which were collected from various local markets in Bangladesh. The samples of the raw milk were collected from Narikali Bazar, Sofir Mia Bazar and Sokal Bazar of Jamalpur district in Bangladesh. Parameters were used to detect adulteration such as presence of Formalin, Starch, Cane Sugar, and coloring agent, and to screen the qualities of the samples on the basis of physical tests (color, flavor, taste, texture and specific gravity), chemical tests [acidity, fat, ash, lactose, protein, TS and SNF]-and microbiological tests. From the physical test, it was found that all the samples were yellowish white in color, normal in taste and flavor and free flowing fluid in case of texture. All of the raw milk samples did not fulfill the legal standard of milk composition. However, raw milk samples of Sokal Bazar were higher in fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS contents than the other two samples. Microbiological parameters also remained high in all raw milk samples than the standard. It was observed that no adulteration was found in any of the collected raw milk samples. This study revealed that hygiene condition did not properly maintain during milking and transportation of the raw milk supplied in the local markets

Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Framework for Externally Exposed Energy Delivery Systems

Securing the energy delivery system (EDS) from complex, nonlinear, and evolving cyber threats requires a complex set of changing and interwoven classes of technologies, policies, relationships, and personnel. One key area in this technological milieu is assessment methodologies to compare information, gathered by a variety of means, about networked devices with publicly known possible threat information about said devices. This information is used to generate risk-based characterizations that allow for the adjudication and proper corresponding management action chains to be assigned. \color{blue}To address the current cybersecurity needs in the operational technology (OT) domain, we developed a novel relative-risk assessment framework and a software application called MEEDS that can detect exposed OT systems. This paper presents the detailed architecture of relative-risk assessment framework methodology and its integral role in the MEEDS software. The efficacy of the presented framework is demonstrated by testing with the real-world systems and vulnerabilities pertaining to the industrial control systems (ICS) in critical infrastructures

Nutritional status of under-five children in rural Bangladesh

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis.  Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area

Replacement of vitamin-mineral premix by Spirulina and its effect on the performance of broiler

The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) as a feed supplement by replacing Vitamin-Mineral Premix on the performance of broiler. The study explored that final body weight was 1039, 1070, 1044, 1065, 1117 and 893 g/bird in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 where significantly (p<0.5) higher weight observed in Spirulina group (5) but lower in negative control group (6). Feed intake observed more or less similar in all groups (1483±24g; p>0.5). Feed conversion ratio (kg FI/kg LWG) observed significantly different like 1.72, 1.65, 1.69, 1.62, 1.61 and 1.99 in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively (p<0.5) where higher in negative group (6) and control group (1), but is lowest and similar in 75% Spirulina group (4) and highest (100%) Spirulina group (5). %Ash of different dietary groups were 46.35, 46.54, 48.93, 49.93, 55.07 and 46.92 of group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The %ash of bone was gradually increased among dietary groups and the best result was obtained in 100% Spirulina group 5 (55.07). It also revealed that diets containing no vitamin-mineral premix with 100% Spirulina improve the performance of broiler. The findings suggest that poultry farmer can use spirulina as a feed item for broiler for more yield

THE GAME-THEORETIC AND MODEL-BASED METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM CYBER-PHYSICAL SECURITY

Concerns for the cybersecurity of the power network has increased due to the recent cyber-attack on Ukrainian power grid [1]. While the NERC-CIP standards ensure the U.S. grid maintains some level of protection, there are remaining questions of how to identify the set of security controls (e.g., VPN, firewalls) and system categorizations that most accurately reflect the grid’s risk against cyberattack. This motivates to study cyber-attacks on the power grid that affect both the power grid planning and operation application.In this work, a graph-based cyber-physical modeling architecture is developed by considering the cybersecurity defensive strategies for performing cyber-security analysis in the power grid network. The graphical characterization of the cyber-physical model is useful for both defending and attacking the ICT system of the smart grid as they provide intuitive visualization of some complex problem structures; and enables efficient game theoretic and model-based solution algorithms.First, the substation criticality ranking and the cybersecurity control ranking has been proposed by analyzing the graph-based security graph that provides a guideline for choosing appropriate security mechanism and identifies the impact for cyberattack (e.g., switching attack such as unplanned circuit breaker trip).Second, the non-atomic selfish routing game is applied in the proposed cyber-physical security graph to find the worst-case attack path and help the operator to focus on appropriate power grid planning. The proposed routing games considered a different type of cyber vulnerabilities in the power system and calculated the cost function of each attack path by using the proposed vulnerability assessment scheme (VAS).Third, a graph coloring game is proposed to identify an optimal allocation decision of security control that ensures the highest-level security and reduce the attack propagation in the power grid. The payoff of this graph coloring game is related to the security index of security control that considers the physical impact of the substation and the difficulty of cyber-attack.Finally, an agent-based cyber-physical security framework is modeled by considering IEC 61850 that distributively identified the cyber-attack at substation automation; and analyze the attacker activity across every stage of attack sequence in protection operation and differentiate the cyber event and normal fault

Experiential Marketing and Customer Satisfaction: A Study on the Restaurant Industry of Bangladesh

This research report aims to explore the factors of experiential marketing to determine their impact on customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry of Bangladesh. Three Hypotheses were developed by the researcher to identify the factors of experiential marketing and their impact on overall customer satisfaction. The research study is conducted by a quantitative research approach to get the insights and understandings of experiential marketing and to figure out the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. Empirical data was gathered by the author himself from 150 respondents who were present in the restaurants at that time through the self-administered survey questionnaire. By applying a convenience sampling method, the researcher collected data from the respondents under different clusters. Researcher used regression and factor analysis to analyze the statistical data through the SPSS software. The research concluded with the significant positive relationships of sense experience, feel experience, and think experience with customer satisfaction. The outcome of the study will assist managers, restaurant owners and, decision makers with the insights and understanding of experiential marketing and its influence on customer satisfaction

ARCADES: analysis of risk from cyberattack against defensive strategies for the power grid

In this study, the authors introduce ARCADES (Analysis of Risk from Cyberattack against DEfensive Strategy), a technique to systematically explore the cybersecurity defence strategies based on contingency rankings in power systems. While cybersecurity defensive standards exist, these approaches are primarily based on expert opinions, rather than systematic studies of risk. ARCADES presents an approach to identify improved cybersecurity defensive strategies based on a graph-based cyber-physical security model that is evaluated by resistance-distance metrics and then prioritised based on contingency analysis studies of the system. This study also proposed a technique that identifies the most critical cybersecurity mechanisms to protect the power grid. Planning and operation: those two applications for cybersecurity on power grid mainly explored in this study. For planning, a systematic method is developed to verify the effectiveness of security strategies and for operation, prioritised the security mechanism for auditing and monitoring purpose. As a case study, they analyse the IEEE-14 bus, IEEE-30 bus, and IEEE-118 bus systems, observe the defensive strategies, and calculate substation criticality ranking by using the authors’ proposed method

Dietary Lycopene Supplementation Could Alleviate Aflatoxin B1 Induced Intestinal Damage through Improving Immune Function and Anti-Oxidant Capacity in Broilers

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of lycopene (LYC) supplementation on the intestinal immune function, barrier function, and antioxidant capacity of broilers fed with aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) contaminated diet. A total of 144 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups; each group consisted of six replicates (eight birds in each cage). Treatments were: (1) a basal diet containing neither AFB1 nor LYC (Control), (2) basal diet containing 100 µg/kg AFB1, and (3) basal diets with 100 µg/kg AFB1 and 200 mg/kg LYC (AFB1 and LYC). The results showed that dietary LYC supplementation ameliorated the AFB1 induced broiler intestinal changes by decreasing the inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and increasing mRNA abundances of cludin-1 (CLDN-1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum mucosa. On the other hand, AFB1-induced increases in serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, D-lactate concentration, mucosal malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations were reversed by dietary LYC supplementation (p < 0.05). Additionally, LYC supplementation ameliorated the redox balance through increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and their related mRNA expression abundances compared to AFB1 exposed broilers. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LYC could alleviate AFB1 induced broiler intestinal immune function and barrier function damage and improve antioxidants status