A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára / Records of the Tötösy de Zepetnek Family

A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára/Records of the Tötösy de Zepetnek Family (Szeged: Attila József University, 1993. ISBN 9634819141 ©Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/totosyrecords1993 ) contains transcripts of published data, archival and family documents, and genealogies of the Tötösy de Zepethnek family and its selected collateral families. A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára includes data about other Töt(t)ös(s)(i)y families not related by origin to the Tötösy de Zepetnek family. The revised and updated version of the 1993 print book is Records of the Tötösy de Zepetnek Family/A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2010-. ISSN 1715-152X https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/totosyrecords ©Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek & Purdue University Press. A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára/Records of the Tötösy de Zepetnek Family (Szeged: Attila József University, 1993. ISBN 9634819141 ©Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/totosyrecords1993 ) a család és szemelt rokon családainak nyomtatásban kiadott, levéltári és családi okmányait és családfáit tartalmazza. A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára tartalmazza más Töt(t)ö(s)(i)y családok adatait melyek nem származásbeli rokonai a Zepetneki Tötösy családnak. Bővitett és javított verziója az 1993. kiadott könyvnek: Records of the Tötösy de Zepetnek Family/A Zepetneki Tötösy család adattára. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2010-. ISSN 1715-152X https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/totosyrecords ©Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek & Purdue University Press

Clinical assessment of body composition after spinal cord injury. An observational study.

Background: Persons who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a dramatic loss of muscle and bone, and a dramatic increase in adipose tissue. It has been suggested that the muscle atrophy, obesity, and sublesional osteoporosis (SLOP) that occurs after SCI is due in part to the loss of voluntary control of the skeletal muscles in the lower extremities, impaired energy metabolism below the level of the lesion, and cessation of sufficient mechanical strain on bone. The prevalence of obesity and SLOP after SCI leads to increased cardiovascular disease and fracture risk, respectively. Current body composition screening procedures for the general population fail to identify individuals with SCI who are obese or have SLOP. Muscle contractions provide physiological loads on bone; thereby a muscle-bone relationship is proposed with proportional declines in muscle and bone after SCI. In addition, both positive and negative relationships have been proposed between adipose tissue and bone; increased skeletal load bearing from excess adipose tissue mass may account for the positive associations reported to date. Due to a lack of load bearing activity after SCI, there should be a negative association between adipose tissue and bone. Objectives: The primary objective is to characterize body composition among adults with chronic SCI using valid, reliable, and interpretable measures, and to suggest screening procedures for the detection of obesity and SLOP in this population. The secondary objectives are to explore the associations between: 1) muscle and bone, and 2) adipose tissue and bone. Design and Setting: Cross sectional observational. Population: A sample of 16 individuals (13 men, 3 women) with chronic SCI participated in this study. The neurological level of lesion ranged from C3-T12, with 9 motor complete and 7 incomplete SCI. Average±standard deviation for age was 51.12±12.37 years, and duration of injury 16.5±7.87 years. An additional 29 individuals with chronic SCI were included when exploring the relationship between muscle and bone. Forty-one individuals (31 men, 9 women) were included in this analysis; the neurological level of lesion ranged from C2-T12, with 13 motor complete and 28 incomplete SCI. Average±standard deviation for age was 48.7±13.36 years, and duration of injury 114.22±10.4 years. Methods: Lean tissue, adipose tissue, and bone tissue were measured via surrogates of body adiposity, as well as two different scanning technologies. Lean tissue was assessed via muscle cross sectional area (CSA) (mm2) and muscle density (mg/cm3), and measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Adipose tissue was assessed via body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (WC) (cm), and % body fat, and measured using a floor scale, tape measure, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. Bone tissue was assessed via hip, distal femur, and proximal tibia areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (g/cm2) using DXA, as well as cortical thickness (mm) and total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (mg/cm3) at the 1/3 proximal tibia, and trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) and total vBMD (mg/cm3) at the distal tibia using pQCT. The relationships between muscle and bone, and adipose tissue and bone, were determined by correlating muscle CSA with indices of bone strength, and indices of obesity with indices of SLOP, respectively. Results: The majority of participants had lean tissue values below able-bodied norms (67-100%). When using the able-bodied definition of BMI >30 kg/m2, 19% of individuals were obese, whereas 63% and 81% were obese when using SCI-specific definitions of BMI >25 kg/m2 or >22 kg/m2, respectively. One hundred percent of individuals had SLOP using distal femur Z-score, and over 50% were at risk of fracture using distal femur fracture threshold of <0.78 g/cm2. Weak (r=0.42) to moderate (r=0.57) correlations were found between muscle CSA and indices of bone strength, supporting the theory of a muscle-bone unit. No correlations were found between adipose tissue and bone. Conclusions: Based on the cohort data, we propose that individuals with ≥2 risk factors (female, ≥60 years of age, duration of injury (DOI) ≥10, tetraplegia, motor complete) should be screened for obesity using % body fat from DXA as well as a combination of carefully interpreted SCI-specific BMI and WC. In addition, these same individuals should be screened for SLOP using a distal femur Z-score and fracture threshold from DXA. It is clear that due to the prevalence of obesity and SLOP in this population, intervention for prevention or treatment is essential. The presence of a muscle-bone unit indicates that muscle atrophy contributes to a reduction in bone strength; this is clinically important, as muscle strength is potentially amenable to rehabilitation intervention. No correlation was found between adipose tissue and bone. Future work should continue to explore these relationships using appropriate technology

Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents

Breakfast is purported to confer a number of benefits on diet quality, health, appetite regulation, and cognitive performance. However, new evidence has challenged the long-held belief that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the key methodological challenges and considerations in studies assessing the effect of breakfast on cognitive performance and appetite control, along with recommendations for future research. This review focuses on the myriad challenges involved in studying children and adolescents specifically. Key methodological challenges and considerations include study design and location, sampling and sample section, choice of objective cognitive tests, choice of objective and subjective appetite measures, merits of providing a fixed breakfast compared with ad libitum, assessment and definition of habitual breakfast consumption, transparency of treatment condition, difficulty of isolating the direct effects of breakfast consumption, untangling acute and chronic effects, and influence of confounding variables. These methodological challenges have hampered a clear substantiation of the potential positive effects of breakfast on cognition and appetite control and contributed to the debate questioning the notion that breakfast is the most important meal of the day

Influence of grit on lifestyle factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adults in the United States.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted the world, including disruptions in lifestyles to support physical distancing. It is well known that personality plays a role in lifestyle behaviors such that certain traits predict health and well-being. The present study examined the relationship between grit and lifestyle behaviors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial lockdowns in the United States. It was hypothesized that those with more grit would engage in healthier lifestyle behaviors of increased physical activity, less sedentary time, and better eating habits. Using an internet-based survey, data was collected from adults from April 13th to May 4th, 2020. Survey questions focused on demographics, grit, physical activity and sedentary time, and dietary habits. Associations between grit and lifestyle were examined using a combination of hierarchical multiple regression analyses and ANCOVAs. The sample of 888 adults (age: 34.8 ± 14.0) was 74.2% female. Those with higher grit were more physically active, reported less sedentary time, and practiced better dietary habits. Collectively, these findings suggest that grit may help individuals lead a healthier lifestyle during stressful or negative events such as a global pandemic. Future work should examine the role of grit on lifestyle behaviors as the quarantine continues

Tracking within-athlete changes in whole body fat percentage in wheelchair athletes

Purpose: To evaluate tracking of within-athlete changes in criterion measures of whole-body fat percentage (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA) with skinfold thickness measures (Σ 4, 6, or 8) in wheelchair basketball players. Methods: This longitudinal study tracked body composition of sixteen international wheelchair basketball players at 5 time points over a 15-month training/competition period. The primary outcome was DXA-derived whole-body fat percentage (BF%), with Σ 4, 6, or 8 skinfolds (mm) as the predictor variable. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model with restricted maximum likelihood (random intercept, with identity covariance structure) to derive the within-athlete prediction error for predicting criterion BF% from Σ skinfolds. This prediction error allowed us evaluate how well a simple measure of the Σ skinfolds could track criterion changes in BF%; that is, we derived the change in Σ skinfolds that would have to be observed in an individual athlete to conclude that a substantial change in criterion BF% had occurred. All data were log-transformed prior to analysis. Results: Σ 8 skinfolds were the most precise practical measure for tracking changes in BF%. For the monitoring of an individual male wheelchair basketball player, a change in Σ 8 skinfolds by a factor of greater than 1.28 (multiply or divide by 1.28) is associated with a practically meaningful change in BF% (≥1 percentage point). Conclusions: Σ 8 skinfolds can track changes in BF% within individual wheelchair athletes with reasonable precision, providing a useful field monitoring tool in the absence of often impractical criterion measures<br

Perceptually regulated training does not influence the differentiated RPE response following 16-weeks of aerobic exercise in adults with spinal cord injury

This study investigated the effect of prolonged familiarisation with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) on the peripheral (RPEP) and central (RPEC) RPE responses to moderate-vigorous exercise in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). RPEP and RPEC characterize the exertion of the working musculature and cardiorespiratory systems, respectively. Nineteen participants (41.4±11.4 years; 19.2±7.2 ml·kg-1·min-1) with chronic SCI were randomly assigned to RPE-guided (n = 11; EXP) or active control (n = 8; CON) groups. EXP performed 16-weeks of RPE-guided, supervised aerobic training for 20 mins, twice weekly, at RPE 3-6 (Category-Ratio 10 scale). CON had access to the same exercise equipment but received no specific advice on their exercise-training regime. Participants completed a graded exercise test, using an arm crank ergometer, pre- and post-training to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), with RPEP and RPEC recorded every minute throughout tests. Sixteen weeks training did not improve V̇O2peak. RPE decreased post-training at 50% (p = 0.02) and 70% V̇O2peak (p = 0.03), though there was no effect of group at either intensity (p = 0.54, 0.42 respectively). At 70% V̇O2peak RPEP was greater than RPEC (4.2±1.7 vs 3.4±1.8, p < 0.005). Training with RPE-guidance for 16-weeks had no additional effect on the differentiated RPE responses to moderate-vigorous exercise in adults with SCI

Assessment of body composition in spinal cord injury: A scoping review.

The objective of this scoping review was to map the evidence on measurement properties of body composition tools to assess whole-body and regional fat and fat-free mass in adults with SCI, and to identify research gaps in order to set future research priorities. Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched up to April 2020. Included studies employed assessments related to whole-body or regional fat and/or fat-free mass and provided data to quantify measurement properties that involved adults with SCI. All searches and data extractions were conducted by two independent reviewers. The scoping review was designed and conducted together with an expert panel (n = 8) that represented research, clinical, nutritional and lived SCI experience. The panel collaboratively determined the scope and design of the review and interpreted its findings. Additionally, the expert panel reached out to their professional networks to gain further stakeholder feedback via interactive practitioner surveys and workshops with people with SCI. The research gaps identified by the review, together with discussions among the expert panel including consideration of the survey and workshop feedback, informed the formulation of future research priorities. A total of 42 eligible articles were identified (1,011 males and 143 females). The only tool supported by studies showing both acceptable test-retest reliability and convergent validity was whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The survey/workshop participants considered the measurement burden of DXA acceptable as long as it was reliable, valid and would do no harm (e.g. radiation, skin damage). Practitioners considered cost and accessibility of DXA major barriers in applied settings. The survey/workshop participants expressed a preference towards simple tools if they could be confident in their reliability and validity. This review suggests that future research should prioritize reliability and validity studies on: (1) DXA as a surrogate 'gold standard' tool to assess whole-body composition, regional fat and fat-free mass; and (2) skinfold thickness and waist circumference as practical low-cost tools to assess regional fat mass in persons with SCI, and (3) females to explore potential sex differences of body composition assessment tools. Registration review protocol: CRD42018090187 (PROSPERO)