A inovação do ensino com criação de “usinas virtuais” de energia por meio da eficientização de sistemas de iluminação pública / Innovation in teaching with the creation of virtual power plants through the improvement of efficiency on public lighting systems

Atualmente, são utilizados diversos processos para a geração de energia elétrica, como por exemplo: usinas hidrelétricas, termoelétricas, nucleares, eólicas, solares, entre outras. Também, neste atual cenário, podem-se ressaltar as usinas virtuais, pois estas são responsáveis por disponibilizar energia por meio de ações de eficiência energética. Portanto, este artigo apresenta o direcionamento a esta forma de geração de energia, a qual fica disponibilizada, por alguma ação de eficiência energética, para outro uso na sociedade. A usina virtual apresentada neste trabalho é baseada em pesquisas de ações de eficiências no sistema nacional de iluminação pública por meio do uso de lâmpadas com maior índice de eficiência e maior vida útil, o que permite a disponibilidade de energia a outros setores, reduzindo gastos quanto a investimentos e melhorando os níveis de tensões do sistema elétrico. Com isso, pode-se considerar como uma usina geradora de energia

A inovação do ensino com criação de “usinas virtuais” de energia por meio da eficientização de sistemas de iluminação pública / Innovation in teaching with the creation of virtual power plants through the improvement of efficiency on public lighting systems

Atualmente, são utilizados diversos processos para a geração de energia elétrica, como por exemplo: usinas hidrelétricas, termoelétricas, nucleares, eólicas, solares, entre outras. Também, neste atual cenário, podem-se ressaltar as usinas virtuais, pois estas são responsáveis por disponibilizar energia por meio de ações de eficiência energética. Portanto, este artigo apresenta o direcionamento a esta forma de geração de energia, a qual fica disponibilizada, por alguma ação de eficiência energética, para outro uso na sociedade. A usina virtual apresentada neste trabalho é baseada em pesquisas de ações de eficiências no sistema nacional de iluminação pública por meio do uso de lâmpadas com maior índice de eficiência e maior vida útil, o que permite a disponibilidade de energia a outros setores, reduzindo gastos quanto a investimentos e melhorando os níveis de tensões do sistema elétrico. Com isso, pode-se considerar como uma usina geradora de energia

Evolution of the passive harmonic filters optimization problem in industrial power systems

Several authors have treated the optimization of passive filters in electric distribution systems. Optimization methods like: sequential quadratic programming (SQP), simulated annealing (SA), differential evolution (DE), artificial neural networks (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), etc., have been employed for optimizing certain configurations of passive filters. These optimization methods have been employed to solve several formulations of the problem of the project of filters. These formulations can be classified in: formulations of one or several objectives. The objective of the present work is to show the evolution of the formulation of this problem in the lasts years respect to the objective functions and constraints used. This analysis shows how the formulations employed have been upgraded from single-objective to multi-objective formulations to achieve a better representation of this complex problem

Computational simulation of a diesel generator consuming vegetable oil "in nature" and air enriched with hydrogen

Simulamos un generador diesel para operar con aceite de palma e hidrógeno como combustibles. El objetivo era investigar cómo la adición de hidrógeno puede acelerar el final de la combustión de aceite vegetal, y en consecuencia mejorar la eficiencia eléctrica del generador, para la misma tasa de flujo de masa de combustible. Las simulaciones fueron realizadas utilizando el software AVL BOOST y validadas con datos experimentales. El generador fue simulado para operar con 75%, 80% y 100% de la carga utilizando aceite de palma natural, y el hidrógeno comenzó a ser inyectado en el colector de admisión en porciones de 5% a 20% que substituían el combustible principal. Las simulaciones mostraron aumento de la potencia eléctrica, reducción en el consumo específico de combustible y mejora de la eficiencia global de la operación del conjunto generador a una carga de 100%. Resultados satisfactorios de funcionamiento se obtuvieron con carga del 75%.A diesel generator was simulated operating with palm oil as fuel and hydrogen doping the inlet air. The objective was to investigate how the addition of hydrogen can accelerate the end of vegetable oil combustion, and consequently improve the electrical efficiency of the generator set up, for the same mass flow rate of fuel. The simulations were performed using AVL BOOST software and validated with experimental data. The generator was simulated operating with 75%, 80% and 100% of the nominal load using palm oil in nature, and hydrogen being injected at the intake manifold in parcels of 5% to a maximum of 20% in energy content by replacing the main fuel. The simulations showed increase in electrical power, reduction in specific fuel consumption, improving the overall efficiency of the generator set with 100% load. Good results were obtained with operation at 75% of the nominal load

A methodology for analysis of cogeneration projects using oil palm biomass wastes as an energy source in the Amazon

La promoción de energías renovables como estrategia para mitigar las alteraciones climáticas es un gran desafío mundial, principalmente para países en vías de desarrollo como Brasil y Colombia, que buscan diversificar su matriz energética a partir de fuentes renovables no convencionales. Uno de los principales obstáculos para esta diversificación es la falta proyectos innovadores. La creciente producción de palma de aceite en la región amazónica para la generación de productos alimenticios y biodiesel está produciendo un gran volumen de biomasa. Este trabajo presenta una metodología de análisis de proyectos renovables, a partir de la identificación de los criterios e indicadores ambientales, económicos y sociales de sustentabilidad de la cadena productiva de la palma de aceite. A partir de la metodología, se desarrolló un modelo de simulación computacional, utilizando como herramienta el programa RETScreen® International para realizar los análisis de viabilidad económica y de riesgo

Technical Loss Calculation in Distribution Grids Using Equivalent Minimum Order Networks and an Iterative Power Factor Correction Procedure

Energy losses are a fundamental issue in the electricity distribution sector, being an inevitable consequence of transporting energy from supplying sources to consumers’ installations and are becoming one of the factors to be considered in planning and operation of electrical distribution networks. So, electrical distribution losses must be continuously monitored so that they are kept within acceptable levels to ensure the business profitability as well as the good power quality of supplied energy. In this context, this work introduces a modified methodology for technical losses calculation with the application of the concept of reduced equivalent networks, via definition of an Equivalent Operational Impedance, taking as a starting point the electrical network modeling in the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). The losses calculation also considers customer’s energy billing measurement data, measurements of injected energy and power factor at the feeder’s coupling bus at the substation, also considering measurement campaigns to characterize the load consumption profiles for working days, Saturdays and Sundays. The proposed methodology disaggregates energy injections in billed energy, technical and non-technical losses parcels, and presents, as the results have demonstrated, a good precision in the proposed calculation procedures

Technical Loss Calculation in Distribution Grids Using Equivalent Minimum Order Networks and an Iterative Power Factor Correction Procedure

Energy losses are a fundamental issue in the electricity distribution sector, being an inevitable consequence of transporting energy from supplying sources to consumers’ installations and are becoming one of the factors to be considered in planning and operation of electrical distribution networks. So, electrical distribution losses must be continuously monitored so that they are kept within acceptable levels to ensure the business profitability as well as the good power quality of supplied energy. In this context, this work introduces a modified methodology for technical losses calculation with the application of the concept of reduced equivalent networks, via definition of an Equivalent Operational Impedance, taking as a starting point the electrical network modeling in the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). The losses calculation also considers customer’s energy billing measurement data, measurements of injected energy and power factor at the feeder’s coupling bus at the substation, also considering measurement campaigns to characterize the load consumption profiles for working days, Saturdays and Sundays. The proposed methodology disaggregates energy injections in billed energy, technical and non-technical losses parcels, and presents, as the results have demonstrated, a good precision in the proposed calculation procedures